scholarly journals Estimating Latent Attentional States Based on Simultaneous Binary and Continuous Behavioral Measures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Model Mismatch ◽  
State Duration ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Duration Distribution ◽  
The Common

Cognition is a complex and dynamic process. It is an essential goal to estimate latent attentional states based on behavioral measures in many sequences of behavioral tasks. Here, we propose a probabilistic modeling and inference framework for estimating the attentional state using simultaneous binary and continuous behavioral measures. The proposed model extends the standard hidden Markov model (HMM) by explicitly modeling the state duration distribution, which yields a special example of the hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). We validate our methods using computer simulations and experimental data. In computer simulations, we systematically investigate the impacts of model mismatch and the latency distribution. For the experimental data collected from a rodent visual detection task, we validate the results with predictive log-likelihood. Our work is useful for many behavioral neuroscience experiments, where the common goal is to infer the discrete (binary or multinomial) state sequences from multiple behavioral measures.

scholarly journals Nash Equilibrium Investment-Reinsurance Strategies for an Insurer and a Reinsurer with Intertemporal Restrictions and Common Interests

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Yanfei Bai ◽  
Zhongbao Zhou ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Helu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Value Premium ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Theoretical Results

This paper investigates the generalized multi-period mean-variance investment-reinsurance optimization model in a discrete-time framework for a general insurance company that contains a reinsurer and an insurer. The intertemporal restrictions and the common interests of the reinsurer and the insurer are considered. The common goal of the reinsurer and the insurer is to maximize the expectation of the weighted sum of their wealth processes and minimize the corresponding variance. Based on the game method, we obtain the Nash equilibrium investment-reinsurance strategies for the above-proposed model and find out the equilibrium strategies when unilateral interest is considered. In addition, the Nash equilibrium investment-reinsurance strategies are deduced under two special premium calculated principles (i.e., the expected value premium principle and the variance value premium principle). We theoretically study the effect of the intertemporal restrictions on Nash equilibrium investment-reinsurance strategies and find the effect depends on the value of some parameters, which differs from the previous researches that generally believed that intertemporal restrictions would make investors avoid risks. Finally, we perform corresponding numerical analyses to verify our theoretical results.

Comparative Study of Different Form of Asphalt Mixture Viscoelastic Rheological Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1773-1776
Author(s):  
You Yun Li ◽  
Xin Bo Zheng ◽  
Zhen Yi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Creep Characteristics ◽  
The Common

In this paper, based on the essential attribute of the asphalt mixture, the characteristics of the asphalt mixture creep deformation were analyzed. With the comparison of the theoretical and experimental results, the advantages and disadvantages of the common rheological models used as the reaction of asphalt mixture creep characteristics were studied. The characteristics of of the asphalt mixture deformation have been analyzed. For the accurate response of nonlinear viscous elasticity model of asphalt mixtures must be a reasonable combination of the characterization of deformation characteristics of various components, this paper reveals the rheological deformation of asphalt mixture of components and parts of correspondence with the proper models. Finally, the experimental data were given to verify the correctness of the proposed model.

Dual Release Model to Evaluate Dissolution Profiles from Swellable Drug Polyelectrolyte Matrices

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Graciela Cid ◽  
María Verónica Ramírez-Rigo ◽  
María Celeste Palena ◽  
Elio Emilio Gonzo ◽  
Alvaro Federico Jimenez-Kairuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Release Model

Background: Mathematical modeling in modified drug release is an important tool that allows predicting the release rate of drugs in their surrounding environment and elucidates the transport mechanisms involved in the process. Objective: The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model that allows evaluating the release profile of drugs from polymeric carriers in which the swelling phenomenon is present. Methods: Swellable matrices based on ionic complexes of alginic acid or carboxymethylcellulose with ciprofloxacin were prepared and the effect of adding the polymer sodium salt on the swelling process and the drug release was evaluated. Experimental data from the ciprofloxacin release profiles were mathematically adjusted, considering the mechanisms involved in each stage of the release process. Results: A proposed model, named “Dual Release” model, was able to properly fit the experimental data of matrices presenting the swelling phenomenon, characterized by an inflection point in their release profile. This entails applying the extended model of Korsmeyer-Peppas to estimate the percentage of drug released from the first experimental point up to the inflection point and then a model called Lumped until the final time, allowing to adequately represent the complete range of the drug release profile. Different parameters of pharmaceutical relevance were calculated using the proposed model to compare the profiles of the studied matrices. Conclusion: The “Dual Release” model proposed in this article can be used to predict the behavior of complex systems in which different mechanisms are involved in the release process.

Hemorrhoidal Laser procedure (HeLP) and Hemorrrrhoidal Laser procedure + mucopexy (HeLPexx) and other Emerging Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giamundo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Dentate Line ◽  
Mucosal Prolapse ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Superior Rectal Artery ◽  
Doppler Probe ◽  
The Common ◽  
Probe Set

Background: Minimally-invasive treatments for hemorrhoids should be encouraged as they cause low morbidity, reasonable discomfort and quicker return to work. According to the “vascular theory” hemorrhoidal disease is mainly caused by blood overflow into hemorrhoidal plexus deriving from the superior hemorrhoidal arteries. Introduction: Many different procedures have been described in the literature with the common goal of reducing the blood flow into the hemorrhoidal piles. ‘HeLP’ (Hemorrhoids Laser Procedure) is a novel form of dearterialization to treat patients suffering from symptomatic hemorrhoids. Methods: The procedure consists of the closure of the terminal branches of the superior rectal artery approximately 2-3 cm above the dentate line by means of laser shots originated by a diode laser platform. The arteries, at that level, have variable location and distribution. Therefore, a doppler probe set at the frequency of 20MHz helps identifying the arteries that would be missed otherwise. The laser beam is well tolerated by patients. For this reason, anesthesia is not required in most cases and the procedure allows a quick return to daily activities. In case of concomitant severe mucosal prolapse, the laser treatment can be combined with suture mucopexy. Three to six running sutures allow a complete lifting of hemorrhoidal piles, securing long-term resolution of symptoms. Results and Conclusions: ‘HeLP’ is indicated in patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids where conservative treatment failed and when mucosal prolapse is scarce or not symptomatic. The addition of mucopexy to laser treatment (HeLPexx) contributes to overall resolution of symptoms when mucosal prolapse is an issue, Emborrhoid is another novel, ‘hi-tech’ form of selective dearterialization used in selected case of hemorrhoids where main symptom is bleeding. It is generally used in cases where surgery is contraindicated due to severe concomitant diseases.

ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ALBINA A. DOBRININA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Articulatory Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Rural Locality

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).

scholarly journals Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Pyrrhon Amathes ◽  
Paul Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Apparent Position ◽  
Apollo Program ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

Busting Myths in Compound Handling Practices for Assay Developers

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110233
Author(s):  
Rosalia Gonzales ◽  
Travis Mathewson ◽  
Jefferson Chin ◽  
Holly McKeith ◽  
Lane Milde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Collaborative Relationship ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
The Common ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
The One

Since the advent of modern-day screening collections in the early 2000s, various aspects of our knowledge of good handling practices have continued to evolve. Some early practices, however, continue to prevail due to the absence of defining data that would bust the myths of tradition. The lack of defining data leads to a gap between plate-based screeners, on the one hand, and compound sample handling groups, on the other, with the latter being the default party to blame when an assay goes awry. In this paper, we highlight recommended practices that ensure sample integrity and present myth busting data that can help determine the root cause of an assay gone bad. We show how a strong and collaborative relationship between screening and sample handling groups is the better state that leads to the accomplishment of the common goal of finding breakthrough medicines.

scholarly journals Research of reliability and efficiency of technological processes of mechanical assembly production on the basis of the common semi-Markov model

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01138
Author(s):  
Yuri Rapatskiy ◽  
Mikhail Zamorenov ◽  
Vadim Kopp ◽  
Yuri Obzherin ◽  
Vladimir Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Mechanical Assembly ◽  
Renewal Equations ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Threaded Connections ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semi Markov Processes ◽  
Simulation Parameters ◽  
Assembly Production

In the article a common semi-Markov mathematical model is considered that allows one to investigate the productivity and reliability of various technological processes of mechanical assembly production. The proposed model allows to study, inter alia, technological processes of manufacturing parts with screw and assemblies of threaded connections. Mathematical apparatus of the research is the theory of semi-Markov processes with a common phase space, which operates with a common kind of random variables distribution functions. If the considering process in the system is a subsystem located on a higher level of hierarchy, the hierarchical model for compatibility with each other levels as output simulation parameters required distribution functions. In the proposed model, based on the decision of the Markov renewal equations depend not only on the torque characteristics, but also the distribution function of time per unit of output service according to different kinds of undervalued failures.

scholarly journals Avoiding or restricting defectors in public goods games?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141203 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Anh Han ◽  
Luís Moniz Pereira ◽  
Tom Lenaerts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Common ◽  
Strategic Solution

When creating a public good, strategies or mechanisms are required to handle defectors. We first show mathematically and numerically that prior agreements with posterior compensations provide a strategic solution that leads to substantial levels of cooperation in the context of public goods games, results that are corroborated by available experimental data. Notwithstanding this success, one cannot, as with other approaches, fully exclude the presence of defectors, raising the question of how they can be dealt with to avoid the demise of the common good. We show that both avoiding creation of the common good, whenever full agreement is not reached, and limiting the benefit that disagreeing defectors can acquire, using costly restriction mechanisms, are relevant choices. Nonetheless, restriction mechanisms are found the more favourable, especially in larger group interactions. Given decreasing restriction costs, introducing restraining measures to cope with public goods free-riding issues is the ultimate advantageous solution for all participants, rather than avoiding its creation.

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