scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of the Immunomodulator Effect of theBougainvillea xbuttianaExtract in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluvia Arteaga Figueroa ◽  
Leticia Barbosa Navarro ◽  
Martin Patiño Vera ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Bougainvillea xbuttianais used as an analgesic in folk medicine in Mexico. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract fromB. xbuttianaon macrophages activities. The phytochemical screening was performed for determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saponins. The effects ofB. xbuttianawere analyzed using the macrophages activities as determined by the H2O2release, spreading and phagocytic index, vacuoles formation percentage, and mediators production. The viability percentage was determined in live cells after fixing and staining with crystal violet. The presence of H2O2in macrophages was performed by using the peroxidase-phenol red solution. The cytokine production was determined by two assays, ELISA for detection of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γand biological assay for TNF detection. The results showed that theBxbextract dose-dependent manner produces (a) an increase in levels of H2O2and spreading and vacuoles formation percentages, (b) a decrease in phagocytic index and in the amounts of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and (c) an increase significant in IL-10 and NO production. This study indicates that the ethanolic extract fromBougainvillea xbuttianawas able to activate macrophages. The combination of these results suggests that this extract has an immunomodulator effect.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Activities of Polyacetylene from Dendropanax dentiger

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chang Chien ◽  
Yen-Hsueh Tseng ◽  
Wei-Ning Hsu ◽  
Fang-Hua Chu ◽  
Shang-Tzen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chemoprevention Agent ◽  
Dose Dependent

Dendropanax dentiger has been used as a folk medicine since ancient times. In our current study, we observed that D. dentiger exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, which could efficiently inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation assay. (9 Z,16 S)-16-Hydroxy-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diynoic acid (HODA) was isolated from the leaves of D. dentiger following a bioactivity guided fractionation protocol. Our data indicated that HODA significantly inhibited the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells (IC50 = 4.28 μM). Consistent with these observations, the mRNA and protein expression levels of iNOS were also inhibited by HODA in a dose-dependent manner. HODA also reduced the translocation of NF-κB into nuclear fractions. Meanwhile, HODA enhanced Nrf-2 activation and its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1. We concluded that HODA possessed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity; the compound may have a potential for development as a chemoprevention agent.

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FICUS RACEMOSA IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPATHY: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
N Solanki ◽  
◽  
S. K Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ficus racemosa is used in traditional system of medicine for various health problems and diseases, and is commonly known as Gular fig. The main objective was to study its effects against streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy by structural and functional marker. Investigation of diabetic neuropathy was carried out through functional and structural assessment in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days in dose dependent manner of Ficus racemosa aqueous extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Study showed marked protection observed by Ficus racemosa in hippocampus region of brain and sciatic nerve tissues. Ficus racemosa treatment showed improvement in functional and structural markers, which strongly suggest its protective role in diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Effect ofTityus serrulatusvenom on cytokine production and the activity of murine macrophages

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Ifn Γ

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects ofTityus serrulatusvenom (TSV) on murine peritoneal macrophages evaluated in terms of activation. The effects of crude TSV were analysed by detection of cytokines, oxygen intermediate metabolites (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in supernatants of peritoneal macrophages. Several functional bioassays were employed including anin vitromodel for envenomating: cytotoxicity of TSV was assessed using the lyses percentage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was assayed by measuring its cytotoxic activity on L-929 cells, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas NO levels were detected by Griess colorimetric reactions in culture supernatant of macrophages incubated with TSV and subsequently exposed to either lipopolysaccharide or IFN-γ. Incubation of macrophages with TSV increased production of IL-6 and IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. TNF production was not detected in supernatants treated with TSV at any concentration. The increase in IL-6 secretion was not associated with concentration-dependent cytoxicity of TSV on these cells. These data suggest that the cytotoxicity does not appear to be the main cause of an increased cytokine production by these cells. Although NO is an important effector molecule in macrophage microbicidal activity, the inducing potential of the test compounds for its release was found to be very moderate, ranging from 125 to 800 mM. Interestingly, NO levels of peritoneal macrophages were increased after IFN-γ. Moreover, NO production had an apparent effect on macrophage activity. The results obtained here also shown that the TSV induces an important elevation in H2O2release. These results combined with NO production suggest that TSV possesses significant immunomodulatory activities capable of stimulating immune functionsin vitro.

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid attenuates activation and cytokine production in sepsis-like monocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schmidt ◽  
Robin Kahn ◽  
Fredrik Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective To investigate the effects of high dose ascorbic acid (AA) on monocyte polarization and cytokine production in vitro Design Experimental in vitro study of cells from healthy subjects and patients with sepsis Setting University research laboratory and academic hospital Subjects Six healthy controls and three patients with sepsis Interventions Monocytes were isolated from whole blood of healthy donors (n=6) and polarized in vitro for 48hrs using LPS or LTA. Polarization was confirmed by surface marker expression using flow cytometry. As a comparison, monocytes were also isolated from septic patients (n=3) and analyzed for polarization markers. The effect of AA on monocyte polarization was evaluated. As a functional assay, AA-treated monocytes were analyzed for cytokine production of TNF and IL-8 by intracellular staining and flow cytometry following activation with LPS or LTA. Measurements and Main Results Both LPS and LTA induced polarization in healthy monocytes in vitro, with increased expression of both pro- (CD40 and PDL1, p<0.05) and anti-inflammatory (CD16 and CD163, p<0.05) polarization markers, with non-significant effects on CD86 and CD206. This pattern resembled, at least partly, that of monocytes from septic patients. Treatment with AA significantly inhibited the upregulation of surface expression of CD16 and CD163 (p<0.05) in a dose dependent manner, but not CD40 or PDL-1. Finally, AA attenuated LPS or LTA-induced cytokine production of IL-8 and TNF in a dose-dependent manner (both p<0.05). Conclusions AA inhibits upregulation of anti-, but not pro-inflammatory related markers in LPS or LTA polarized monocytes. Additionally, AA attenuates cytokine production from in vitro polarized monocytes, displaying functional involvement. This study provides important insight into the immunological effects of high dose AA on monocytes, and potential implications in sepsis.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MIRABILIS JALAPA

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Deepsikha Bharali ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim and objectives of the present work is to determine pharmacological activity upon ethnopharmacological survey. The present study deals with phytochemical screening and analgesic as well as muscle relaxant activity of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa.Methods: The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and evaluating the analgesic and muscle relaxant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Mirabilis jalapa by using hot plate method and rota rod method respectively [1, 2]. The Phytochemical screening of the extract was done according to the standard procedures to reveal the presence of the active constituents like Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates etc [3-5].Results: The analgesic and muscle relaxant activity study were dose dependent. The EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) shows significant increase in the reaction time when compared with control at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min and the effect of standard was found to be highest during the study. Another study was designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant properties of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa. Linn by taking the EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and standard drug Lorzepam (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts and standard drug show decrease in the fall of time in a dose dependent manner when compared with control at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above study it is revealed that Mirabilis jalapa showing better pharmacological activities (Analgesic and Muscle relaxant) in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Antineuroinflammatory Activities and Neurotoxicological Assessment of Curcumin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia Cell Models

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Ganesan ◽  
Byungwook Kim ◽  
Prakash Ramalingam ◽  
Govindarajan Karthivashan ◽  
Vishnu Revuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microglia Cell ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Dependent

Curcumin, which is a potential antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective compound, exhibits poor bioavailability in brain cells due to its difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier and its rapid metabolism during circulation, which decreases its efficacy in treating chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. The bioavailability and potential of curcumin can be improved by using a nanodelivery system, which includes solid lipid nanoparticles. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were efficiently developed to have a particle size of about 86 nm and do not exhibit any toxicity in the endothelial brain cells. Furthermore, the curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were studied to assess their efficacy in BV-2 microglial cells against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The SLCN showed a higher inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production compared to conventional curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the mRNA and proinflammatory cytokine levels were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to those with free curcumin. Thus, SLCN could be a potential delivery system for curcumin to treat microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Melochia corchorifolia L. and Glochidion thomsonii in Experimental Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Jannatul Ferdousi ◽  
Md Jahir Alam ◽  
Tasmina Rahman ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gi Motility

Diarrhoea is a public health problem in developing countries. It is therefore important to identify plants with antidiarrhoeal activity. Melochia corchorifolia and Glochidion thomsonii have been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-diarrheal properties of ethanolic extract of M. corchorifolia whole plant and G. thomsonii bark. Anti-diarrheal potential was evaluated using castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrhea, GI motility test as well as castor oil induced enteropooling assay in mice. Extracts were used at 250 and 500 mg/kg per orally. Loperamide (10 mg/kg p.o) was used as standard drug. The ethanolic crude extracts exhibited statistically significant and dose-dependent (250 and 500 mg/kg) anti-diarrheal effect against the total number of episodes of defecation as well as diarrheal feces. In animals pretreated with MC and GT extract showed 42.53% (p<0.05) and 53.13% (p<0.001) protection at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 89.40% (p<0.001)and 57.47% (p<0.001) protection at 500 mg/kg against castor oil induced diarrhea. The MC extract at 500 mg/kg exhibited significant (p<0.05) inhibition of diarrhea (51.04%) in MgSO4 induced diarrhea. In BaSO4 induced GI motility test both the extracts inhibited GI motility and GT at 500 mg/kg dose 38.77% which was highly significant (p<0.01). In the Castor oil induced enteropooling assay MC 250 and 500 mg/kg and GT 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the intestinal fluid accumulation by 27.42% and 48.39% (p<0.01) and 38.71% (p<0.05) and 51.61% (p<0.01), respectively. The results suggested that both the extracts possessed significant antidiarrhoeal properties which was comparable with standard drug, loperamide and further studies are required to evaluate these effects and the potential of the plant. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 192-199, 2019

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Anti- Inflammatory Activities of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from Selected Sea Food Waste Extract on Cell Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Nurul Haida Idrus ◽  
Nina Suhaity Azmi ◽  
Che Nur Mazadillina Che Zahari ◽  
Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan
Keyword(s):  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long unbranched polysaccharide that composed of repeating disaccharide units. They are classified into heparan sulfate (HS), heparin, chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). During the last decade, demand of GAGs were getting increased due to their potential uses. Vertebrate animal, commonly cartilaginous mammalian tissue, were potential producer of GAGs and have the higher number of biological activities extracted from sea bass waste. Sea bass waste from Lates calcarifer was used as the raw material to extract crude GAGs. Different part of sea bass waste such as, gills, viscera and air bladders were used. The higher content of crude GAGs in sea bass waste was used in cytotoxic and inflammatory study. Different concentration of extract GAGs from gills were used ranging between 0.16-20 mg/mL. GAGs from sea bass waste (gills) showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 cell line in lower concentration. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study GAGs from sea bass waste (gills) showed dose-dependent manner and also reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells. This research study concluded that, GAGs from sea bass waste are the alternative source that can be used for cancer and inflammation study.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic and Larvicidal Activity of Alternanthera sessilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
Merin Babu ◽  
Uma K.H ◽  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
Amoolya Sree ◽  
Sabin Scariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: Evaluation of Anti-urolithiatic and Larvicidal activity of Alternanthera sessilis. Method: The whole plant of Alternanthera sessilis were extracted using ethanol as solvent. Then it was evaluated for its phytochemicals and later on in vitro anti-urolithiatic study was conducted on the plant using the methods titrimetry, simultaneous flow static model, turbidimetry and gravimetric. The plant showing larvicidal effect was determined by larvicidal assay method. Result: The ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins. The anti urolithiatic activity conformed that the plant can effectively mineralise calcium oxalate in a dose dependent manner when compared to control and standard. The plant also possesses larvicidal activity and the percentage mortality exhibited a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the plant possessed anti- urolithiatic as well as larvicidal activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document