scholarly journals Effect of Spacing Regimes on Growth, Yield, and Wood Properties ofTectona grandisat Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliakimu Zahabu ◽  
Tumaini Raphael ◽  
Shabani Athumani Omari Chamshama ◽  
Said Iddi ◽  
Rogers Ernest Malimbwi
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

This study examined the effects of planting spacing on growth, yield, and wood properties of teak planted at square spacing regimes of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania. To achieve this, tree, stand, and wood properties were studied at age of 14 years. Results showed that diameter at breast height and total height increased with increasing spacing. Mean annual increment increased significantly with increasing spacing while spacing did not have significant effect on total volume production and basal area. Basic density is also not affected by spacing while heartwood proportion increases as planting spacing increases. All studied wood properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression strength tangential to grain, and shear tangential to the grain) except cleavage tangential to grain were not significantly affected by increasing spacing. It is recommended to use the spacing of 3 × 3 m, but if thinning can be done before onset of competition at 5 years, the currently used spacing of 2.5 × 2.5 m can still be used. However, the use of a spacing of 4 × 4 m can give at least 50% heartwood at shorter rotation age of 30 years.

An Interactive Thinning Simulation for Red Pine Stands

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dietmar W. Rose ◽  
Chug Muh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract This paper describes a computer program, REDPTHIN, that permits the development of optimal thinning schedules for red pine plantations in the Lake States. The optimal schedules maximize total cubic foot volume production for any initial stand condition of age, site, and basal area stocking. These optimal schedules are derived via a special dynamic programming algorithm that the author developed. User specified thinning schedules can be simulated. Optimal biological rotation age and mean annual increment can be derived from the output table. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1):43-48.

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration and growth of Anthocephalus cadamba plantation in North Kalimantan, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1385-1393
Author(s):  
AGUS SARJONO ◽  
ABUBAKAR M. LAHJIE ◽  
B.D.A.S. SIMARANGKIR ◽  
R. KRISTININGRUM ◽  
YOSEP RUSLIM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
Environmental Amelioration ◽  
Mean Annual Increment ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Sarjono A, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir BDAS, Kristiningrum R, Ruslim Y. 2017. Carbon sequestration and growth of Anthocephalus cadamba plantation in North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1385-1393. Forest plantation of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) plays many important roles for the primary source of timber production and also the carbon absorption for environmental amelioration. The growth of A. cadamba trees was measured using the formulas of MAI (Mean Annual Increment) and PAI (Periodic Annual Increment) as the basis of the increment measurement, while the analysis of biomass and carbon with simple linear regression (y = a + bx) was used, with the coefficient of R2 = 0.90. The annual increment of A. cadamba trees reached its maximum point or the intersection between MAI and PAI at the age of 8 years, showing the maximum production of A. cadamba trees. Forest plantation of A. cadamba produced biomass and carbon sequestration of 81.90 ton ha-1 and 39.31 ton ha-1, respectively at the age of 8 years. However, the amount of biomass and carbon in another plot of A. cadamba trees was 96.85 ton ha-1 and 46.49 ton ha-1, respectively. While the values of the third plot were 116.84 ton ha-1 and 56.08 ton ha-1, respectively. The correlation between the diameter and biomass production and the correlation between the age of stands and carbon production were very strong with R2 value was higher than 0.90. This indicated that Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) plantation had important roles in carbon sequestration and biomass production.

scholarly journals Growth and Volume Estimates of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) in Kanya Forest Plantation, Kebbi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. Dantani ◽  
S. B. Shamaki ◽  
M. A. Gupa ◽  
A. I. Zagga ◽  
B. Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Negative Relationships ◽  
Area And Volume

This study was conducted in order to estimate growth and volume production of Teak (Tectona grandis) in Kanya Forest Plantation, Nigeria. The plantation was divided in to six strata-based age classes (A=38, B=37, C=36, D=35, E=34, F=28, years). Five plots were randomly selected from each stratum. Trees within each plot were enumerated and measured. Variables measured include total height, diameter at the base, middle, top, and diameter at the breast height were taken from 30 temporary sampled plots of 25x25 m approximately from the center, 180 dominant trees were selected from 712 trees. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize the results while inferential statistic (correlation) was used to establish relationship growth and yield variables. Basal area and volume of sampled trees were computed using Excel as well as scatter plots, correlation analysis was achieved using SPSS statistical package version 20. The results of growth and yield values obtained from the dominant trees are (B=249.312 m3/ha, D=196.128 m3/ha, F=134.976 m3/ha, C=119.328 m3/ha, E=100.320 m3/ ha and A=86.976 m3/ha). The results showed that B was (37 years) the best and A (38 years) was the poorest. The results of correlation showed positive relationships with most of the tree growth and yield characteristics but negative relationships exist between age and some parameters that is to say as the age increases those parameters are decreasing.

Basal Area and Volume Development of Natural Even-Aged Shortleaf Pine Stands in the Ouachita Mountains

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Murphy ◽  
Edwin R. Lawson ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands, average age 41 years, were thinned to different density levels (45 to 125 ft² of basal area in increments of 20 ft²). The stands received no further thinning. Equations for projected volumes and basal area per acre given initial conditions were formulated and fitted. The following trends were observed using the equations. Over a 24-year period, total basal area growth per acre started out over 2 ft² and had declined to less than 2 ft² by the end. Annual basal area growth had already culminated by age 41. Total annual cubic-foot volume growth per acre depended largely on initial stocking. The initial stocking and subsequent growth of the sawtimber portion were not related to the thinning treatments. Although sawtimber periodic annual cubic-foot growth culminated during the period under study, board-foot growth did not, indicating that mean annual increment for board-foot volumes had not culminated by age 64. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):30-34.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Relative to Competition for Loblolly Pine Plantations to Midrotation—A Southeastern United States Regional Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Miller ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
Shepard M. Zedaker ◽  
M. Boyd Edwards ◽  
Ray A. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were studied across 13 southeastern sites grown for 15 yr with near-complete control of woody, herbaceous, and woody plus herbaceous components during the first 3–5 yr. This multiple objective experiment (the COMProject) documents stand dynamics at the extreme corners of the response surface that encompasses most competition conditions common to pine plantations. This is the second of two companion reports. Merchantable pine volume after 15 yr with early, near complete competition control reached 2,350–4,415 ft3/ac by site compared to 1,132–2,965 ft3/ac on the no controls. With control of both woody and herbaceous competition, 15 yr volumes were increased by 23–121% and gains increased as hardwoods and shrubs increased on the no controls. Early woody control increased merchantable pine volume on 11 sites by 14–118%, while herbaceous control yielded somewhat less on average, a 17–50% increase on ten sites. No gains and some volume losses occurred when control of one component released severe competition from an enhanced remaining component, otherwise gains were generally additive for control of both components. Pine volume was decreased by about 1% for each 1 ft2/ac of hardwood basal area (BA) present at age 15. Annual measurements determined that culmination of current annual increment (CAI) with control of both competition components occurred in yr 8–11 at 250–470 ft3/ac/yr. CAIs for pine height, BA, and volume were decreased by about 5–27% when growing season rainfall (March–October) was less than 36 in. Mean annual increment had not culminated for any treatment at any location by yr 15 and ranged from 195–250 ft3/ac/yr with both woody and herbaceous control. Fusiform rust mainstem galls [Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme (Hedge. & Hunt) Burdsall & Snow] in high severity areas increased additively with control of both components, more so with herb control. Contrary to the widespread assumption that hardwood out-compete pine, the hardwood proportion of stand BA decreased from yr 5–15 on sites where hardwood BA in yr 5 exceeded 10 ft2. South. J. Appl. For. 27(4):237–252.

scholarly journals Eucalyptus for Low Elevation Foothill Plantations in California

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
John W. LeBlanc ◽  
Janine K. Hasey ◽  
Richard B. Standiford ◽  
Mike Connor ◽  
Roy M. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sierra Nevada Foothills ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract In March 1984 we established a test plantation of selected Eucalyptus and poplar seedlings species and clones on a range site in the Sierra Nevada foothills. The main objectives were to evaluate survival and growth of the various species and clones and to determine a rotation age for intensively managed hardwood trees grown under low elevation foothill conditions. Seedlings and clones of six species of Eucalyptus and one hybrid poplar were grown with short rotation intensive culture techniques for 7 yr. Rotation age, defined as the culmination of mean annual increment, varied from 3 to 6 yr. The best producing clone produced 8 cords of fuelwood per acre per year. The potential for damage from freezing and snow at these elevations is also discussed. West. J. Appl. For. 12(4):104-107.

Croissance de sapinières à bouleau blanc boréales issues de coupe avec protection de la régénération

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Bertrand ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Robert L. Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Rotation Age

Models of compatible volume and basal area growth and yield covering a period of 10 to 45 years after harvesting were developed for second growth boreal stands of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.). The 131 permanent plots used for the study were located near Matane, in the Gaspé Peninsula, and are part of the balsam fir–white birch ecoclimatic domain. These stands were harvested in 1934, 1944, and 1953, using a manual cut-and-bunch harvesting method that protected advance growth, and measures were taken in 1954, 1964, and 1978. The stands were moderately affected by spruce budworm outbreaks between 1950–1957 and 1975–1978. Years elapsed since release rather than total age was used as the temporal variable. Even though the characteristics of the coniferous natural regeneration were quite variable, total basal area explained an important part of growth variations of young fir stands by integrating both density and dimensions of the regeneration. Results show, within the limits of the observed densities (< 15 000 stems/ha, 10 years after harvesting), that stands with a higher basal area will have higher total and merchantable volumes at a given age; rotation age for maximum volume production will decrease correspondingly. Abundance of saplings in the initial natural regeneration can thus have an important impact on stand production and rotation age. In the case of nonoverdense young fir stands (< 15 000 stems/ha, 10 years after harvesting with no height growth impediment), the use of spacing treatments that significantly reduce total basal area could be questioned when pursuing maximum fiber production.

The effects of contrasting environments on the basic density and mean annual increment of wood from eucalyptus clones

2020 ◽  
Vol 458 ◽  
pp. 117807
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther de Lima Costa ◽  
Rosimeire Cavalcante do Santos ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Sofia Maria Gonçalves Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Developing breeding objectives for radiata pine structural wood production. II. Sensitivity analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2932-2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Harry X Wu ◽  
Tony A McRae ◽  
Colin A Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Production System ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Breeding Objective ◽  
Economic Weights ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

In a companion paper we describe a bioeconomic model of a production system for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) structural timber and estimated economic weights for four breeding-objective traits: mean annual increment, stem sweep, average branch size, and modulus of elasticity. In this paper we show estimation errors and the sensitivity of the economic weights to the input parameters of the production-system model. We also illustrate the linearity and independence of the economic weights and the sensitivity of selection indices to variation in economic weights and genetic parameters. Estimated standard errors of economic weights were generally low. Among the production-system parameters studied, discount rate and roundwood and sawn-timber prices had the largest impact on the estimates of economic weights. The relationship between the change in values of breeding-objective traits and the corresponding change in profit was nonlinear. The profit change due to change in one objective trait was not independent of the values of the other traits. The most important factors affecting the sensitivity of the selection index were the phenotypic variances of early selection traits such as tree diameter and wood basic density and the economic weights of mean annual increment and modulus of elasticity.

scholarly journals Dendrochronological study of Cedrus deodar Grown at Kumrat valley Dir Upper KPK, Pakistan: Evaluation of Tree Age and Increment Based on Increment Core

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Sajad Sajad ◽  
Jawad Jawad ◽  
Ikram Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Sample Tree ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The present research was conducted for tree-rings study in a mixed stand of Himalayan Species Credur deodar in Kumrat valley Dir Upper KPK, Pakistan. Tree-rings analysis was related to the counting of tree ring. Random sampling method was used, and 70 sample trees were selected, tree heights and diameters were measured, and increment cores were collected from each sample-tree diameter at the height at breast point to be analyzed and studied in the laboratory. The objectives of the study were to determine the exact age of tree and to evaluate total and mean annual increment in the basal area and tree volume based on the increment cores. Regression models revealed the impacts of tree age on the basal area and tree-volume increment. Results showed the minimum basal-area increment was 0.0028 m2 at the age of 10 years, the maximum basal-area increment was 2.658 m2 at the age of 60 years, with mean was 0.95±0.677 m2 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.9593. The maximum tree-volume increment was 1.42 m3 at the age of 60 years, the minimum tree-volume increment was 0.010 m3 at the age of 10 years, with mean was 1.35±0.96 m3 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.9167. The minimum mean annual-basal area increment was 0.0027 m2, the maximum mean annual-basal area increment was 0.048 m2, and the average increment was 0.022±0.010 m2. The maximum mean-annual increment in tree volume was 0.068 m3 at the age of 60 years, the minimum mean-annual increment was 0.0039 m3 at the age of 10 years, with mean was 0.032±0.014 m3 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.8903. Results showed a strong positive relationship of tree age with area and volume increment. Keywords: Basal area, increment, tree age, volume

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