scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Human Norovirus in Korea in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Seok Kim ◽  
Hyun Soo Kim ◽  
Jungwon Hyun ◽  
Han-Sung Kim ◽  
Wonkeun Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis. The molecular epidemiology of norovirus exhibits temporal and geographical fluctuations, and new variants of the GII.4 genotype emerge every 2-3 years to cause global epidemics of acute gastroenteritis. We investigated GI and GII genotypes of human norovirus strains isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis in Korea in 2013. Norovirus antigen test was performed on 2,980 fecal specimens from January to December 2013. RNA was extracted from norovirus antigen-positive fecal suspensions, and the norovirus capsid (VP1) and polymerase (RdRp) genes were characterized by RT-PCR and sequencing. Of the 230 genotyped strains, GII.4 (77.3%) was the most frequently observed capsid genotype, followed by GII.3 (6.1%) and GII.13 (3.9%). A norovirus GII.4 variant, GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney 2012, was the most frequently found polymerase/capsid genotype (65.7%), followed by GII.P17/GII.17 (2.1%) and GII.P21/GII.3 (2.1%). Phylogenetic, similarity, and capsid epitope analyses of GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney 2012 strains were performed. We concluded that the norovirus GII.4 variant, GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney 2012, was the main cause of norovirus-related gastroenteritis in Korea in 2013.

scholarly journals ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH NOROVIRUS GII.4 VARIANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lopes de PAULA ◽  
Silvia Inês SARDI ◽  
Dellane Martins TIGRE ◽  
Flora Maria de Campos FERNANDES ◽  
Gúbio Soares CAMPOS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
The City ◽  
Children Under 5

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Norovirus (NoV) is an important etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis and infects individuals of all ages, especially children in Brazil and worldwide. NoV GII.4 was the most prevalent genotype worldwide because of your extensive genetic diversity. In Brazil, especially in the Northeast, few studies have been developed for identify and molecularly characterize NoV. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to detect and describe the molecular epidemiology of NoV associated with acute gastroenteritis. METHODS: The viral RNA extracted from stool samples were subjected to Nested RT-PCR and the genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequences analysis. In total, 278 stool samples assisted at Aliança Hospital in the city of Salvador, with acute gastroenteritis were examined, between March 2009 and July 2012. RESULTS: A high NoV rate (54.2%) was identified in children under 5 years of age. We detected the circulation of different NoV GII.4 variants in Salvador, during the study period as Den Haag 2006b, New Orleans 2009 and Sydney 2012. CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the need to study the molecular epidemiology of NoV infections in acute gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant shares common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka and emerged in Thailand in 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256572
Author(s):  
Watchaporn Chuchaona ◽  
Jira Chansaenroj ◽  
Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽  
Sarawut Khongwichit ◽  
Sumeth Korkong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Norovirus Gii

Human norovirus is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects all age groups and are found globally. Infections are highly contagious and often occur as outbreaks. Periodic emergence of new strains are not uncommon and novel variants are named after the place of first reported nucleotide sequence. Here, we identified human norovirus GII.4 Hong Kong variant in stool samples from Thai patients presented with acute gastroenteritis. Comparison of amino acid residues deduced from the viral nucleotide sequence with those of historical and contemporary norovirus GII.4 strains revealed notable differences, which mapped to the defined antigenic sites of the viral major capsid protein. Time-scaled phylogenetic analysis suggests that GII.4 Hong Kong shared common ancestry with GII.4 Osaka first reported in 2007, and more importantly, did not evolve from the now-prevalent GII.4 Sydney lineage. As circulation of norovirus minor variants can lead to eventual widespread transmission in susceptible population, this study underscores the potential emergence of the GII.4 Hong Kong variant, which warrants vigilant molecular epidemiological surveillance.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Surveillance of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Sewage (2016–2017) in Valencia (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Santiso-Bellón ◽  
Walter Randazzo ◽  
Alba Pérez-Cataluña ◽  
Susana Vila-Vicent ◽  
Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

The aim of the present study was to perform the molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses and noroviruses detected in sewage samples from a large wastewater facility from the city of Valencia, Spain. A total of 46 sewage samples were collected over a one-year period (September 2016 to September 2017). Norovirus and rotavirus were detected and quantified by RT-qPCR, genotyped by semi-nested RT-PCR and further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Noroviruses and rotaviruses were widely distributed in sewage samples (69.6% for norovirus GI, 76.0% norovirus GII, and 71.7% rotaviruses) and viral loads varied from 4.33 to 5.75 log PCRU/L for norovirus GI, 4.69 to 6.95 log PCRU/L for norovirus GII, and 4.08 to 6.92 log PCRU/L for rotavirus. Overall, 87.5% (28/32) of GI noroviruses could not be genotyped, 6.25% (2/32) of the samples contained GI.2 genotype, and another 6.25% (2/32) were positive for GI.4 genotype. The most common genotype of GII noroviruses was GII.2 (40%, 14/35), followed by GII.6 (8.6%, 3/35) and GII.17 (5.7%, 2/35) while the remaining GII strains could not be typed (45.7%, 16/35). Rotavirus VP4 genotype P[8] was the only one found in 19 out of 33 rotavirus-positive samples (57.7%). G2 was the most prevalent rotavirus VP7 genotype (15.2%, 5/33) followed by G3, G9, and G12, with two positive samples for each genotype (6.1%, 2/33). In one sample both G1 and G2 genotypes were detected simultaneously (3%). The results presented here show that the surveillance of noroviruses and rotaviruses in sewage is useful for the study of their transmission in the population and their molecular epidemiology.

scholarly journals Identification of Human Norovirus GII.3 Blockade Antibody Epitopes

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Yufang Yi ◽  
Shuxia Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Pei Xiong ◽  
Qingwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Chimeric Vlps ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Vp1 Capsid Protein ◽  
Antibody Epitopes

Human noroviruses are a common pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Among all norovirus genotypes, GII.3 is particularly prevalent in the pediatric population. Here we report the identification of two distinct blockade antibody epitopes on the GII.3 capsid. We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with virus-like particle (VLP) of a GII.3 cluster 3 strain. Two of these mAbs, namely 8C7 and 8D1, specifically bound the parental GII.3 VLP but not VLPs of GII.4, GII.17, or GI.1. In addition, 8C7 and 8D1 efficiently blocked GII.3 VLP binding with its ligand, histo-blood group antigens (HBGA). These data demonstrate that 8C7 and 8D1 are GII.3-specific blockade antibodies. By using a series of chimeric VLPs, we mapped the epitopes of 8C7 and 8D1 to residues 385–400 and 401–420 of the VP1 capsid protein, respectively. These two blockade antibody epitopes are highly conserved among GII.3 cluster 3 strains. Structural modeling shows that the 8C7 epitope partially overlaps with the HBGA binding site (HBS) while the 8D1 epitope is spatially adjacent to HBS. These findings may enhance our understanding of the immunology and evolution of GII.3 noroviruses.

scholarly journals High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wei ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reference Sequences

Abstract ABSTRCT Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of the molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children < 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020. A total of 1,500 fecal specimens collected from children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis during 2017 to 2020 were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR and identified by nucleotide sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database and analysed by MEGA X software to assign their genotypes. Of 1,500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1-HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and novel HAstV-VA2, were detected in this study. The data in this study revealed a wide variety of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norovirus Genogroup II Attributed to Contaminated Cold Dishes on a Cruise Ship in Chongqing, China, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Li Qi ◽  
Xinzhi Xiang ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Hua Ling ◽  
Huangcheng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Control Study

In April 2017, several travelers with acute gastroenteritis on a cruise ship were reported. We conducted an investigation to identify the pathogen, mode of transmission, and risk factors. We searched and classified case-patient according to structured case definition, and collect date of the onset, clinical manifestations, and demographic information of cases. A case-control study was implemented to compare foods consumption between cases and asymptomatic travelers. Samples such as feces, rectal swab, vomitus, and environment swab were collected for testing. The attack rate was 18.2% (101/555), four cold dishes served on 11th, April were independently associated with an increased risk of disease: cold potherb (odds ratio (OR): 14.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2–93.3) and cold garlic sprout (OR: 26.1; 95% CI: 4.9–138.0) served at lunch, cold broad bean (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.3–26.2), and cold cucumber (OR: 13.9; 95% CI: 2.3–84.2) served at dinner. A total of 15 samples were positive for norovirus genogroup II (GII) by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This outbreak that occurred on the cruise ship was caused by norovirus GII. The evidence indicated that norovirus was mainly transmitted through consumption of cold dishes on 11th, April, which might be contaminated by asymptomatic cold dish cook.

scholarly journals High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wei ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Partial Rdrp ◽  
The Common

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstVs strains circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020. A total of 1500 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR that targeted the partial RdRp in ORF1b and strains were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the 1500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1–HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and HAstV-VA2, were detected. The data in this study revealed a high divergence of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020.

scholarly journals Norovirus: Facts and Reflections from Past, Present, and Future

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2399
Author(s):  
Yalda Lucero ◽  
David O. Matson ◽  
Shai Ashkenazi ◽  
Sergio George ◽  
Miguel O’Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
New Knowledge

Human Norovirus is currently the main viral cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGEs) in most countries worldwide. Nearly 50 years after the discovery of the “Norwalk virus” by Kapikian and colleagues, the scientific and medical community continue to generate new knowledge on the full biological and disease spectrum of Norovirus infection. Nevertheless, several areas remain incompletely understood due to the serious constraints to effectively replicate and propagate the virus. Here, we present a narrated historic perspective and summarize our current knowledge, including insights and reflections on current points of interest for a broad medical community, including clinical and molecular epidemiology, viral–host–microbiota interactions, antivirals, and vaccine prototypes. We also include a reflection on the present and future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Norovirus infection and disease.

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