scholarly journals Experimental Study of Antiatherosclerosis Effects with Hederagenin in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hong Lu ◽  
Jian-Hua Guan ◽  
Yan-Li Huang ◽  
Yu-Wei Pan ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Antiatherosclerotic Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The research tries to establish Wistar rat’s model of atherosclerosis for evaluating the antiatherosclerotic effect of hederagenin and exploring its antiatherosclerosis-related mechanisms. The statistical data have shown that hederagenin exhibits multiple pharmacological activities in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, antiplatelet aggregation, liver protection, and anti-inflammation, indicating that hederagenin may exert a protective effect on vascular walls by improving lipid metabolism disorders and lipid deposition. The results show that hederagenin can correct the imbalance of endothelial function by inhibiting the release of large amounts of iNOS and increasing eNOS contents and inhibits the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce the release of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and other inflammatory factors. The experimental results indicated that hederagenin can inhibit or ameliorate the pathological changes associated with AS, displaying an excellent preventive function against AS.

scholarly journals Astragaloside IV attenuates IL-1β secretion by enhancing autophagy in H1N1 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wanju Zhang ◽  
Lehao Ren ◽  
Yanchao He ◽  
Zhoufang Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
H1n1 Infection ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Excessive Secretion ◽  
Anti Inflammation

ABSTRACT Excessive secretion of inflammatory factors (cytokine storm) plays a significant role in H1N1-induced acute pneumonia, and autophagy acts as a cell-intrinsic mechanism to regulate inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), originating from the astragalus root, possesses multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation. However, the influences of AS-IV on H1N1-induced autophagy and inflammation have remained elusive. It has been reported that H1N1 infection leads to the accumulation of autophagosomes but obstructs autophagosomes incorporating into lysosomes, whereas the present study showed that AS-IV enhanced autophagy activation in H1N1 infection. Furthermore, we found that AS-IV promoted H1N1-triggered formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Additionally, it was noted that AS-IV did not affect viral replication, mRNA level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and pro-IL-1β protein level, but significantly decreased secretion of IL-1β, and chloroquine (CQ, as an inhibitor of autophagy) increased secretion of IL-1β in H1N1 infection. In conclusion, AS-IV stimulates the formation of autophagosomes and the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in H1N1 infection and may lead to decreased IL-1β secretion.

Osteocalcin prevents insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation and autophagy associated with high-fat diet induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Wu ◽  
Xinyu Zou ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Haiqiang Hu ◽  
Xueliang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background: Osteocalcin (OCN), as an energy-regulating hormone, involves in preventing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Laying hens have been used as an animal model for investigating liver function and related metabolic disordersas that the synthesis of fat in laying hens is much faster than in mammals with limited adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OCN on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in aged laying hens. Methods: Thirty 68-week-old White Plymouth laying hens were randomly assigned into conventional single-bird cages, and the cages were randomly allocated into one of three treatments: normal diet (ND + vehicle , ND+V), high-fat diet (HFD + vehicle, HFD+V), and HFD + OCN (3 μg/bird, 1 time/2 days, i.m.) for 40 days. At experimental day 30, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed. At the end of experiment, the hens were euthanized followed blood collection. The plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Pathological changes in the liver were examined under both light and transmission electron microscopes. The plasma inflammatory factors including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed by ELISA, and the gene expressions of these inflammatory factors in the liver were analyzed by Real-time PCR. And oxidative stress was evaluated using Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) assay kits. Results: The results showed HFD hens had more severe liver haemorrhage and fibrosis than ND hens. The ultra-microstructural examination showed that hepatocytes of HFD hens appeared necrotic pyknosis associated with great intracellular electron, mitochondrial swelling, shrunk nucleus and absence of autolysosomes. OCN mitigated these pathological changes by improved HFD hens’ insulin resistance via alleviating the glucose intolerence and improving insulin sensitivity; inhibited HFD-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased liver concentrations of MDA but increased GSH-Px; and reduced the inflammatory reaction with reducing blood IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations and mRNA expressions. Conclusion: These results suggest a high-fat diet promotes the FLHS development in aged hens, while OCN prevents the FLHS process through inhibiting insulin resistance, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and fibrosis, and acting autophagy.

scholarly journals Post-treatment curcumin reduced ischemia–reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury via the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006051989243
Author(s):  
HaiZou bo ◽  
XiaoSun feng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective To investigate the influence of curcumin on the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway after pulmonary injury induction via limb ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30 each): sham, I/R, curcumin post-treatment (I/R+Cur), and inhibitor (I/R+DAPT). Hind-limb ischemia was induced for 4 hours, followed by reperfusion for 4 hours. After ischemia, curcumin (200 mg/kg) or DAPT (0.5 µm) was injected intraperitoneally in the I/R+Cur or I/R+DAPT group, respectively. PaO2 was examined after 4 hours of reperfusion. Pathological changes in the lung and the apoptotic index (AI) were examined. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β levels, the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, semi-quantitative score of lung injury (SSLI), and Notch2 protein and Hes-1 mRNA expression were also examined. Results In the I/R group, inflammatory changes were observed, AI increased, and MDA, SSLI, W/D, TNF-α, IL-1β, Notch2, and Hes1-mRNA expression increased, while PaO2 decreased compared with the Sham group. Pathological changes in the I/R+Cur group were reversed. All indexes in the I/R+DAPT and I/R+Cur group were similar. Conclusion Curcumin post-treatment reduced I/R-induced lung injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch2/Hes-1 signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory factors.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE IN BITTER HERBS USING DPPH SCAVENGING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ni Made Pitri Susanti ◽  
Ni Kadek Warditian ◽  
I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract Bitter herbs (Sambiloto) have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammation. Andrographolide is a diterpene compounds contained in bitter herbs. It is known that andrographolide compound responsible for the pharmacological activity of the bitter herbs. This study investigated DPPH free radical scavenging activity from andrographolide diterpene lactone. This study was initiated with the isolation of andrographolide compound from bitter herbs and then testing their DPPH free radical scavenging. The results suggested that andrographolide had IC50 value of 5.45 mg. This means andrographolide has 50% DPPH inhibition effect, i.e 5.45 mg.

scholarly journals The Multifunctional Effects of Nobiletin and Its MetabolitesIn VivoandIn Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Linfu Li ◽  
Weimei Shi ◽  
Hai Liu ◽  
Jianqiong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agent ◽  
Intracellular Targets ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Nobiletin (NOB) chemically known as 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone is a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found inCitrusfruits. Recent evidences show that NOB is a multifunctional pharmaceutical agent. The various pharmacological activities of NOB include neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, antimetabolic disorder, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation. These events may be underpinned by modulation of signaling cascades, including PKA/ERK/MEK/CREB, NF-κB, MAPK, Ca2+/CaMKII, PI3K/Akt1/2, HIF-1α, and TGFβsignaling pathways. The metabolites may exhibit stronger beneficial effects than NOB on diseases pathogenesis. The biological activities of NOB have been clarified on many systems. This review aims to discuss the pharmacological effects of NOB with specific mechanisms of actions. NOB may become a promising candidate for potential drug development. However, further investigations of NOB on specific intracellular targets and clinical trials are still needed, especially forin vivomedical applications.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hyperalgesia in Arthritis Rats Through Inhibition of the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Nie ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Qiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Withdrawal Threshold ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
P38mapk Signaling

Abstract Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has showed significant analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Our present study aimed to explore the effect of DEX on hyperalgesia with the involvement of p38MAPK signaling pathway a rat model of monoarthritis (MA).Methods: MA rat model was induced by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Pathological changes of ma rats were observed by HE staining and Safranin-O/Fast Green staining. Ankle circumference, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to judge the degree of hyperalgesia in MA rats. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were applied to observe the degree of inflammation in rats. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors. The mechanism of p38MAPK signaling pathway in MA rats was observed via treatment of Anisomycin or SB203580 combined with DEX.Results: After 8 h of CFA induction, joint swelling and hyperalgesia occurred in rats. There were obvious pathological changes in the joint cavity, the joint cavity space became narrow and synovial bursa became rough. A large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed under microscope. After injection of DEX and SB203580, PWT and PWL was prolonged, the expression of serum inflammatory factors was decreased, and the expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related factors was decreased; while all the detected indexes were recovered in MA rats after treated with DEX and Anisomycin.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that DEX could alleviate hyperalgesia in arthritis rats through inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Synthesis, Bioactivity, and Pharmacokinetics of Pterostilbene, an Important Analog of Resveratrol

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5166
Author(s):  
Yeju Liu ◽  
Yuyang You ◽  
Juan Lu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Zhihong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Pterostilbene is a natural 3,5-dimethoxy analog of resveratrol. This stilbene compound has a strong bioactivity and exists widely in Dalbergia and Vaccinium spp. Besides natural extraction, pterostilbene can be obtained by biosynthesis. Pterostilbene has become popular because of its remarkable pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Pterostilbene can be rapidly absorbed and is widely distributed in tissues, but it does not seriously accumulate in the body. Pterostilbene can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because of its low molecular weight and good liposolubility. In this review, the studies performed in the last three years on resources, synthesis, bioactivity, and pharmacokinetics of pterostilbene are summarized. This review focuses on the effects of pterostilbene on certain diseases to explore its targets, explain the possible mechanism, and look for potential therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Shu Dai ◽  
Lihong Gong ◽  
Ke Fu ◽  
Cheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Botanical Drug ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (He-shou-wu in Chinese), a Chinese botanical drug with a long history, is widely used to treat a variety of chronic diseases in clinic, and has been given the reputation of “rejuvenating and prolonging life” in many places. 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9) is the main and unique active ingredient isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which has extensive pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that TSG exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, depression and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of TSG up to 2021 by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and CNKI. According to the data, TSG shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, anti-osteoporosis, enhancement of memory and anti-aging activities through regulating multiple molecular mechanisms, such as NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K-AKT, JNK, ROS-NO, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3, ERK1/2, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2, eNOS/NO and SIRT1. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of TSG are also discussed in this review, which provided direction and basis for the further development and clinical application of TSG.

scholarly journals The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Artesunate on Stroke and Other Central Nervous System Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilun Zuo ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hua Feng ◽  
Yujie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Artesunate is an important agent for cerebral malaria and all kinds of other severe malaria because it is highly efficient, lowly toxic, and well-tolerated. Loads of research pointed out that it had widespread pharmacological activities such as antiparasites, antitumor, anti-inflammation, antimicrobes activities. As we know, the occurrence and development of neurological disorders usually refer to intricate pathophysiologic mechanisms and multiple etiopathogenesis. Recent progress has also demonstrated that drugs with single mechanism and serious side-effects are not likely the candidates for treatment of the neurological disorders. Therefore, the pluripotent action of artesunate may result in it playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of these neurological disorders. This review provides an overview of primary pharmacological mechanism of artesunate and its potential therapeutic effects on neurological disorders. Meanwhile, we also briefly summarize the primary mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives. We hope that, with the evidence presented in this review, the effect of artesunate in prevention and curing for neurological disorders can be further explored and studied in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Effect ofCaulophyllum robustumon Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Regulation of Nitric Oxide, NF-κB, and Proinflammatory Cytokines In Vivo and In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-hong Wang ◽  
Shao-wa Lv ◽  
Yu-yan Guo ◽  
Ji-xin Duan ◽  
Shu-yu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Caulophyllum Robustum ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Caulophyllum robustumMaxim(C. robustum)has commonly been used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. This paper first investigated the anti-inflammation effect ofC. robustumextraction (CRME) on RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gene expression levels of inflammatory factors. Moreover, we first evaluated the anti-RA effects of CRME using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice, and the incidence, clinical score, and joint histopathology were evaluated. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 inflammatory factors in sera of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of NF-κB p65 in the joint was tested by immune histochemical technique. The results showed that, compared with the model group, CRME significantly improved symptoms of the arthritis index, limb swelling, and histological findings by decreasing synovial membrane damage, the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expansion of capillaries in CIA mice. The results also showed that CRME can reduce the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and inhibit the expression of NF-κB p65. All these results indicated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CRME as a novel botanical extraction for the treatment of RA.

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