scholarly journals Transcriptional and Biochemical Effects of Cadmium and Manganese on the Defense System ofOctopus vulgarisParalarvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Nicosia ◽  
Monica Salamone ◽  
Salvatore Mazzola ◽  
Angela Cuttitta
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Dependent Inhibition

Due to anthropogenic activities the relative concentrations of cadmium and manganese have increased in the marine environment. Cephalopods are able to accumulate such metals and, as inhabitant of coastal waters,Octopus vulgarisis continuously exposed to anthropogenic activities. Since no study is available on the effects of heavy metals at molecular level in developing octopuses, herein we exposed 1-day-old paralarvae for 24 h to 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L of CdCl2or MnCl2. Cd exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of survival and a reduction in growth rate was shown while Mn exposure did not affect the survival rate even at the highest concentrations. Gene expression profiles ofhsp70, sod, cat, andgstgenes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and defined patterns of transcription were observed. Moreover posttranscriptional analyses were also performed suggesting the impairment of metabolic functions, under strong oxidative conditions (as occurred in paralarvae exposed to Cd) or the complete detoxification events (as occurred in paralarvae exposed to Mn).

scholarly journals Fusarium verticillioides FvPex8 is a key component of peroxisomal docking/translocation module that serves important roles in fumonisin biosynthesis but not in virulence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Yu ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
Minghui Peng ◽  
Huijuan Yan ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Peroxisome Membrane

AbstractPeroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotic cells that fulfill various important metabolic functions. In this study, we investigated the role of Docking/Translocation Module (DTM) peroxins, mainly FvPex8, FvPex13, FvPex14, and FvPex33, in Fusarium verticillioides virulence and fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis. Protein interaction experiments suggested that FvPex13 serves as the core subunit of F. verticillioides DTM. When we generated gene deletion mutants (ΔFvpex8, ΔFvpex13, ΔFvpex14, ΔFvpex33, ΔFvpex33/14) and examined whether the expression of other peroxin genes were affected in the DTM mutants, ΔFvpex8 strain showed most drastic changes to PEX gene expression profiles. Deletion mutants exhibited disparity in carbon source utilization and defect in cell wall integrity when stress agents were applied. Under nutrient starvation, mutants also showed higher levels of lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, ΔFvpex8 mutant showed significant FB1 reduction and altered expression of FUM1 and FUM19 genes. However, FvPex13 was primarily responsible for virulence, while ΔFvpex33/14 double mutant also showed virulence defect. In summary, our study suggests that FvPex13 is the core component of DTM, regulating peroxisome membrane biogenesis as well as PTS1- and PTS2-mediated transmembrane cargo transportation. Importantly, we predict FvPex8 as a key component in DTM that affects peroxisome function in FB1 biosynthesis in F. verticillioides.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of Intrinsically Photosensitive Ganglion Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berg ◽  
Katherine Kartheiser ◽  
Megan Leyrer ◽  
Alexandra Saali ◽  
David Berson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Reporter Mice

AbstractIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are rare mammalian photoreceptors essential for non-image-forming vision functions, such as circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex. They comprise multiple subtypes distinguishable by morphology, physiology, projections, and levels of expression of melanopsin (Opn4), their photopigment. The molecular programs that differentiate ipRGCs from other ganglion cells and ipRGC subtypes from one another remain elusive. Here, we present comprehensive gene expression profiles of early postnatal and adult mouse ipRGCs purified from two lines of reporter mice marking different sets of ipRGC subtypes. We find dozens of novel genes highly enriched in ipRGCs. We reveal that Rasgrp1 and Tbx20 are selectively expressed in subsets of ipRGCs, though these molecularly defined groups imperfectly match established ipRGC subtypes. We demonstrate that the ipRGCs regulating circadian photoentrainment are unexpectedly diverse at the molecular level. Our findings reveal unexpected complexity in gene expression patterns across mammalian ipRGC subtypes.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Control and Cancer: The Potential of Histone Demethylases as Therapeutic Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Lizcano ◽  
Jeison Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Histone Demethylase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Histone Demethylases ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Demethylase Activity ◽  
Current Point

The development of cancer involves an immense number of factors at the molecular level. These factors are associated principally with alterations in the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression profiles. Studying the effects of chromatin structure alterations, which are caused by the addition/removal of functional groups to specific histone residues, are of great interest as a promising way to identify markers for cancer diagnosis, classify the disease and determine its prognosis, and these markers could be potential targets for the treatment of this disease in its different forms. This manuscript presents the current point of view regarding members of the recently described family of proteins that exhibit histone demethylase activity; histone demethylases are genetic regulators that play a fundamental role in both the activation and repression of genes and whose expression has been observed to increase in many types of cancer. Some fundamental aspects of their association with the development of cancer and their relevance as potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies at the epigenetic level are discussed in the following manuscript.

Segment-specific responses of intestinal epithelium transcriptome to in-feed antibiotics in pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 582-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaifan Yu ◽  
Chunlong Mu ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Yong Su ◽  
Weiyun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Despite widespread use of antibiotics for treatment of human diseases and promotion of growth of agricultural animals, our understanding of their effects on the host is still very limited. We used a model in which pigs were fed with or without a cocktail of antibiotics and found, based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns, that the fecal bacteria from the treatment and control animals were distinct. Furthermore, the total bacterial population in the feces tended to be decreased by the antibiotic treatment ( P = 0.07), and the counts of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XIVa were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). To explore the effects of antibiotics on host intestinal epithelium, we assessed gene expression profiles of the jejunum and ileum and their response to antibiotic administration. The results indicate that in-feed antibiotics increased expression of genes involved in immune functions in both the jejunum and ileum, some of which were clustered in the coexpression network. Gene ontology terms of metabolic processes were altered predominantly in the jejunum but not in the ileum. Notably, antibiotics diminished intestinal segment-specific transcriptional changes, especially for genes associated with metabolic functions. This study reveals segment-specific responses of host intestinal epithelium to in-feed antibiotics, which can be a valuable resource for deciphering antibiotic-microbiota-host interactions.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus-Infected Whiteflies over Different Viral Acquisition Access Periods

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yun-Lin Su
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci in a persistent-circulative manner, threatens tomato production worldwide. Little is known about the complicated interaction during this process at the molecular level. In this study, viral AAPs at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 48 h were investigated using a comparative transcriptome analysis to uncover the transcriptional responses of whiteflies to virus infection. Our results have shown that 755, 587, 1140 and 1347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparisons of the data of 0 h vs. 2 h, 0 h vs. 6 h, 0 h vs. 12 h and 0 h vs. 48 h, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs associated with metabolisms and signal transduction were down-regulated in virus-infected whiteflies. Additionally, 16 up-regulated putative transporter genes and 10 down-regulated genes associated with IL-17 signaling pathway were identified by time-associated gene cluster analysis. These data boost our comprehensions on whitefly-TYLCV interactions associated with different viral AAPs.

scholarly journals Comparative brain transcriptomic analyses of scouting across distinct behavioural and ecological contexts in honeybees

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20141868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzheng S. Liang ◽  
Heather R. Mattila ◽  
Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Bruce R. Southey ◽  
Thomas D. Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Class Prediction ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Leave One Out

Individual differences in behaviour are often consistent across time and contexts, but it is not clear whether such consistency is reflected at the molecular level. We explored this issue by studying scouting in honeybees in two different behavioural and ecological contexts: finding new sources of floral food resources and finding a new nest site. Brain gene expression profiles in food-source and nest-site scouts showed a significant overlap, despite large expression differences associated with the two different contexts. Class prediction and ‘leave-one-out’ cross-validation analyses revealed that a bee's role as a scout in either context could be predicted with 92.5% success using 89 genes at minimum. We also found that genes related to four neurotransmitter systems were part of a shared brain molecular signature in both types of scouts, and the two types of scouts were more similar for genes related to glutamate and GABA than catecholamine or acetylcholine signalling. These results indicate that consistent behavioural tendencies across different ecological contexts involve a mixture of similarities and differences in brain gene expression.

Agronomic and molecular analysis of heterosis in alfalfa

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scotti ◽  
M. Carelli ◽  
O. Calderini ◽  
F. Panara ◽  
P. Gaudenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Simple Sequence

Double ‘free-hybrids’ (DH) in alfalfa were obtained by crossing in a diallelic scheme, six multiplied simple hybrids (SH) derived from four partly inbred (S2) lines. Analysis of the specific combining ability demonstrated that the main source of variation was for dry matter yield (DMY) in DHs and supported heterosis values of DHs versus the best parent of an average +45% (ranging from +5 to +76%). Investigation at the molecular level was carried out by analysis of simple sequence repeat markers on the six parental SHs and 15 DH progenies and by comparison of gene expression profiles using microarrays of a single DH line to its parental lines. The variation of heterozygosity estimates of the DHs explained a small part (about 20%) of their variation in DMY, while the number of alleles was significantly related to DM performance (r = 0.61; P < 0.05). The microarray analysis identified genes with both significant additive and non-additive levels of expression in the hybrid compared with the parents. The majority of the variation in gene expression was additive (87%), but among the genes with a non-additive pattern of expression, the greater proportion of probe sets (86%) fell outside the parental range. Gene ontology analysis of these genes revealed the presence of a number of terms related to metabolism and genetic information processing.

1327: Gene Expression Profiles in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 349-350
Author(s):  
Gaelle Fromont ◽  
Michel Vidaud ◽  
Alain Latil ◽  
Guy Vallancien ◽  
Pierre Validire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia
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