scholarly journals ThedndRNA Identifies Germ Cell Origin and Migration in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Yongshuang Xiao ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yanfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level

The present study obtained a germ cell-specific marker dead end (dnd) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) namedPodnd. The tissue-specific expressions ofPodndtranscripts were present in testis and ovary but were not detectable in other somatic tissues detected. SISH showed thatPodndexpressed only in germ cells at different developmental stages but not in surrounding somatic cells. The expression ofPodndduring embryonic development at 16 different stages revealed that the relative expression ofPodndtranscript fluctuated at a high level in the cleavage stages, gradually decreased through subsequent development, and reached the lowest at late gastrula stage till it was nearly undetectable. ThePodndtranscripts localization and migration were similar to zebrafish. Further research on the specification migration mechanism of PGCs and the role of germ cell during gonadal development in olive flounder would improve our understanding of germline development.

scholarly journals Segment number threshold determines juvenile onset of germline cluster proliferation in Platynereis dumerilii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kuehn ◽  
David S Clausen ◽  
Ryan W Null ◽  
Bria M Metzger ◽  
Amy D Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Segment Number ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Tightly Coupled

Many animals rely on sexual reproduction to propagate by using gametes (oocytes and sperm). Development of sexual characters and generation of gametes are tightly coupled with the growth of an organism. Platynereis dumerilii is a marine segmented worm which has been used to study germline development and gametogenesis. Platynereis has 4 Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) that arise early in development and these cells are thought to give rise to germ cell clusters found across the body in the juvenile worms. The germ cell clusters eventually form the gametes. The stages of germline development and how the 4 PGCs become the numerous germ cell clusters are not well-documented in the juvenile stages. Platynereis, like other segmented worms, grows by adding new segments at its posterior end. The number of segments generally reflect the growth state of the worms and therefore is a useful and easily measurable growth state metric. To understand how growth correlates with development and gametogenesis, we investigated germline development across several developmental stages using germline/multipotency markers. We found that segment number predicted the state of germline development and the abundance of germline clusters. Additionally, we found that keeping worms short in segment number via changing external conditions or via amputations supported segment number threshold requirement for germline development. Finally, we asked if these clusters in Platynereis play a role in regeneration (as similar free-roaming cells are observed in Hydra and planarian regeneration) and found that the clusters were not required for regeneration in Platynereis, suggesting a strictly germline nature. Overall, these molecular analyses suggest a previously unidentified developmental transition dependent on the growth state in juvenile Platynereis when germline proliferation is substantially increased.

scholarly journals Long Photoperiod Affects Gonadal Development in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Chi-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sang-Woo Hur ◽  
Sung-Pyo Hur ◽  
Dae-Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Olive Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus

scholarly journals Male germline stem cells in non-human primates

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Joana M. D. Portela ◽  
Daniel Langenstroth-Röwer ◽  
Joachim Wistuba ◽  
Nina Neuhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Germline Development ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract. Over the past few decades, several studies have attempted to decipher the biology of mammalian germline stem cells (GSCs). These studies provide evidence that regulatory mechanisms for germ cell specification and migration are evolutionarily conserved across species. The characteristics and functions of primate GSCs are highly distinct from rodent species; therefore the findings from rodent models cannot be extrapolated to primates. Due to limited availability of human embryonic and testicular samples for research purposes, two non-human primate models (marmoset and macaque monkeys) are extensively employed to understand human germline development and differentiation. This review provides a broader introduction to the in vivo and in vitro germline stem cell terminology from primordial to differentiating germ cells. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the most immature germ cells colonizing the gonad prior to sex differentiation into testes or ovaries. PGC specification and migratory patterns among different primate species are compared in the review. It also reports the distinctions and similarities in expression patterns of pluripotency markers (OCT4A, NANOG, SALL4 and LIN28) during embryonic developmental stages, among marmosets, macaques and humans. This review presents a comparative summary with immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of germ cell marker expression patterns during postnatal developmental stages, among humans and non-human primates. Furthermore, it reports findings from the recent literature investigating the plasticity behavior of germ cells and stem cells in other organs of humans and monkeys. The use of non-human primate models would enable bridging the knowledge gap in primate GSC research and understanding the mechanisms involved in germline development. Reported similarities in regulatory mechanisms and germ cell expression profile in primates demonstrate the preclinical significance of monkey models for development of human fertility preservation strategies.

scholarly journals Gonadal Transcriptome Analysis of Male and Female Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Feng You ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Shenda Weng ◽  
Zhihao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Annotation Information ◽  
Olive Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Dimorphic Expression

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important commercially cultured marine flatfish in China, Korea, and Japan, of which female grows faster than male. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of flounder sex determination and development, we used RNA-seq technology to investigate transcriptomes of flounder gonads. This produced 22,253,217 and 19,777,841 qualified reads from ovary and testes, which were jointly assembled into 97,233 contigs. Among them, 23,223 contigs were mapped to known genes, of which 2,193 were predicted to be differentially expressed in ovary and 887 in testes. According to annotation information, several sex-related biological pathways including ovarian steroidogenesis and estrogen signaling pathways were firstly found in flounder. The dimorphic expression of overall sex-related genes provides further insights into sex determination and gonadal development. Our study also provides an archive for further studies of molecular mechanism of fish sex determination.

scholarly journals Dead-End (dnd) Gene Cloning and Gonad-Specific Expression Pattern in Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Yoon ◽  
Youn-Su Cho ◽  
Hyo-Bin Lee ◽  
Jung-Yeol Park ◽  
Han-Kyu Lim
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Starry Flounder ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
Dead End

dnd is a germline-specific maternal RNA expressed in various vertebrate classes, which encodes an RNA-binding protein that is essential for PGC migration. The purpose of this study is fundamental research about starry flounder dnd gene for germ cell marker development. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the expression levels of Platichthys stellatus dead end (psdnd) in various tissues and embryonic stages. The psdnd gene was isolated from starry flounder ovaries, cloned into a pGEM-t vector, and sequenced. Full-length of psdnd cDNA was 1495 bp long, encoding 395 amino acids. psdnd expression levels were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in various tissues and embryo developmental stages. psdnd transcripts were detected in the testes and ovaries, but not in somatic tissues. Embryonic psdnd expression levels were higher during early embryo development stages than during late embryogenesis; psdnd expression was highest at the 1 cell stage, then gradually decreased throughout the subsequent developmental stages. The spatial expression pattern was analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). The psdnd transcripts migration pattern was similar with zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results suggest that psdnd may function as a germ cell-specific marker.

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