scholarly journals In VivoEvaluation of the Antiasthmatic, Antitussive, and Expectorant Activities and Chemical Components of ThreeElaeagnusLeaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebin Ge ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Qin Qin ◽  
Yingying Shang ◽  
Dingrong Wan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Important Evidence

The leaf ofElaeagnus lanceolataandElaeagnus henryias well asElaeagnus pungenshas been documented as an effective herb for the treatment of asthma and chronic bronchitis in traditional clinical medicine. This study was aimed at evaluating the antiasthmatic, antitussive, and expectorant activities of the water extracts from the three plantsin vivoand analyzing their chemical components by HPLC-DAD. At the medium and high doses, the water extracts of threeElaeagnusleaves significantly prolonged the preconvulsive time (P< 0.01) in guinea pigs, lengthened the latent period of cough (P< 0.01) and decreased the cough frequency caused by aqueous ammonia in mice (P< 0.01), and enhanced tracheal phenol red output in mice (P< 0.01). There were no significant differences in the pharmacological actions between the threeElaeagnusleaves. Moreover, there was more similarity on overlap peaks in the range of retention time from 10 to 40 min by HPLC and many peaks that belonged to flavonoids compounds. It suggested that the main constituents of the threeElaeagnusleaves were flavonoid for the pharmacological activities. These effects were the important evidence for the traditional use ofE. henryileaf andE. lanceolataleaf as well asE. pungensto treat asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry, Traditional Use and Pharmacological Activity of Picrasma quassioides: A Critical Reviews

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2584
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daniel Hakim Mohd Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Taher ◽  
Deny Susanti ◽  
Md Atiar Rahman ◽  
Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Picrasma Quassioides ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Real Value ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Picrasma quassioides is a member of the Simaroubaceae family commonly grown in the regions of Asia, the Himalayas, and India and has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat various illnesses such as fever, gastric discomfort, and pediculosis. This study aims to critically review the presence of phytochemicals in P. quassioides and correlate their pharmacological activities with the significance of its use as traditional medicine. Data were collected by reviewing numerous scientific articles from several journal databases on the pharmacological activities of P. quassioides using certain keywords. As a result, approximately 94 phytochemicals extracted from P. quassioides were found to be associated with quassinoids, β-carbolines and canthinones. These molecules exhibited various pharmacological benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-parasitic activities which help to treat different diseases. However, P. quassioides were also found to have several toxicity effects in high doses, although the evidence regarding these effects is limited in proving its safe use and efficacy as herbal medicine. Accordingly, while it can be concluded that P. quassioides may have many potential pharmacological benefits with more phytochemistry discoveries, further research is required to determine its real value in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy of use.

scholarly journals Advances in Research on Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Activities of the Genus Actinidia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tao Ma ◽  
Da-Wei Li ◽  
Ji-Kai Liu ◽  
Juan He
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractKiwi, a fruit from plants of the genus Actinidia, is one of the famous fruits with thousand years of edible history. In the past twenty years, a great deal of research has been done on the chemical constituents of the Actinidia species. A large number of secondary metabolites including triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, etc. have been identified from differents parts of Actinidia plants, which exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic activities. In order to fully understand the chemical components and biological activities of Actinidia plants, and to improve their further research, development and utilization, this review summarizes the compounds extracted from different parts of Actinidia plants since 1959 to 2020, classifies the types of constituents, reports on the pharmacological activities of relative compounds and medicinal potentials.

In Vivo Effect of Suloctidil as an Antiplatelet Agent

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia R Stelzer ◽  
Thomas S Burns ◽  
Robert N Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Platelet Aggregate ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
5 Ht Uptake ◽  
High Doses

SummaryThe relationship between the effects of suloctidil in vivo as an antiplatelet agent and in vitro as a modifier of platelet serotonin (5-HT) parameters was investigated. Suloctidil was found to be effective in reducing platelet aggregates formation in the retired breeder rat as determined using the platelet aggregate ratio method (PAR) with an ED50 of 16.1 mg/kg 24 hours post administration. In contrast to the hypothesis that 5-HT depletion is involved in the anti-aggregatory mechanism of suloctidil, no correlation was found between platelet 5- HT content and this antiplatelet activity. Reduction of platelet 5-HT content required multiple injections of high doses (100 mg/kg/day) of suloctidil. Suloctidil administration for 8 days at 100 mg/kg/day, which lowered platelet 5-HT content by 50%, resulted in no permanent effect on ex vivo platelet 5-HT uptake or thrombin-induced release, nor alteration in the plasma 5-HT level. However, these platelets exhibited a short-lived, significant increase in percent leakage of 5-HT after 30 minutes of incubation. Therefore, suloctidil treatment at high doses may with time result in platelet 5-HT depletion, however this effect is probably not related to the primary anti-aggregatory activity of the drug.

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
Syed M. Hasan ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Sanjay K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
New Compounds

Background: A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Methods: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different sections as per the aim of the paper. Results: Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article. After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic activity. Conclusion: This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological activities.

Evaluation of Anti-diabetic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Isolated Bioactive Compounds of Leaves of Annona reticulata Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani Pathak ◽  
Aparoop Das ◽  
Anshul Shakya ◽  
Riya Saikia ◽  
Himangshu Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Background: The leaves of Annona reticulata Linn. have been traditionally used by the tribes of Assam as a source of medicine to mitigate a range of health ailments including diabetes and obesity. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of bioactive fractions isolated from the methanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn. leaves using Nicotinamide + Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats. Methods: The partially purified bioactive fractions, namely F1, F2, F3 and F4 were administered to diabetic rats with the dose of 200 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.) and the effect of the fractions on serum glucose were studied up to 21 days. The potent fractions were further subjected for spectral analysis for identification of the isolated active compounds. Results: The in-vivo anti-diabetic activity of the isolated fractions F2 and F3 were found significant controlling blood glucose level, alike glibenclamide. Interestingly, F2 and F3 treated animals were found significant in restoring the lipid and liver enzymes profile in streptozotocin challenge rats. Further, spectral analysis revealed that F2 and F3 were comprises Quercetin and Gallic acid, respectively. Conclusion: Outcome of finding demonstrate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of the isolates/fractions of A. reticulata, which were found enriched in polyphenolics including Quercetin and Gallic acid; and provides logistic behind the traditional use of the A. reticulata against Diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Trends in Managing Cardiac and Orthopaedic Device-Associated Infections by Using Therapeutic Biomaterials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Stefania Scialla ◽  
Giorgia Martuscelli ◽  
Francesco Nappi ◽  
Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh ◽  
Adelaide Iervolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Implanted Medical Devices ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

Over the years, there has been an increasing number of cardiac and orthopaedic implanted medical devices, which has caused an increased incidence of device-associated infections. The surfaces of these indwelling devices are preferred sites for the development of biofilms that are potentially lethal for patients. Device-related infections form a large proportion of hospital-acquired infections and have a bearing on both morbidity and mortality. Treatment of these infections is limited to the use of systemic antibiotics with invasive revision surgeries, which had implications on healthcare burdens. The purpose of this review is to describe the main causes that lead to the onset of infection, highlighting both the biological and clinical pathophysiology. Both passive and active surface treatments have been used in the field of biomaterials to reduce the impact of these infections. This includes the use of antimicrobial peptides and ionic liquids in the preventive treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Thus far, multiple in vivo studies have shown efficacious effects against the antibiotic-resistant biofilm. However, this has yet to materialize in clinical medicine.

scholarly journals To Divide or Not to Divide? How Deuterium Affects Growth and Division of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Veronika Kselíková ◽  
Vilém Zachleder ◽  
Kateřina Bišová
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Synchronous Cultures ◽  
Multiple Fission ◽  
First Choice ◽  
High Doses

Extensive in vivo replacement of hydrogen by deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, induces a distinct stress response, reduces cell growth and impairs cell division in various organisms. Microalgae, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model organism in cell cycle studies, are no exception. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green unicellular alga of the Chlorophyceae class, divides by multiple fission, grows autotrophically and can be synchronized by alternating light/dark regimes; this makes it a model of first choice to discriminate the effect of deuterium on growth and/or division. Here, we investigate the effects of high doses of deuterium on cell cycle progression in C. reinhardtii. Synchronous cultures of C. reinhardtii were cultivated in growth medium containing 70 or 90% D2O. We characterize specific deuterium-induced shifts in attainment of commitment points during growth and/or division of C. reinhardtii, contradicting the role of the “sizer” in regulating the cell cycle. Consequently, impaired cell cycle progression in deuterated cultures causes (over)accumulation of starch and lipids, suggesting a promising potential for microalgae to produce deuterated organic compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document