scholarly journals TCM Formula Xiaoyaosan Decoction Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Xiao-Juan Li ◽  
Xiao-Hui Bai ◽  
Yue-Yun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Body Weights

The mechanism of depression with type 2 diabetes remains elusive, requiring further study.Objective. To evaluate the effect of TCM formula Xiaoyaosan on depressive-like behaviors in rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods. Rats were divided into 5 groups and drugs were administered during the model period of 21 days. The model of depressive-like behaviors in rats with type 2 diabetes was induced by a high fat diet, low doses of STZ injection, and chronic restraint stress for 21 days. The body weight, fasting blood glucose, ITT, OGTT, 5-HT, DA, depression behaviors, and morphological changes of formation were measured and observed.Results. After modeling, marked changes were found in model rats; behavioral analyses of rats indicated that this modeling method negatively impacts locomotor function. In the H&E staining, changes were found predominately in the CA1 and DG subregions of the hippocampus. After 21 days of treatment by fluoxetine and Xiaoyaosan, rats’ body weights, behaviors and fasting blood glucose, and hippocampal formation were modified.Conclusions. A new model of depressive-like behaviors in rats with type 2 diabetes was successfully created. Xiaoyaosan and fluoxetine in this study independently contribute to exacerbate the disease progression.

Abstract 015: Increased 20-HETE Levels Contribute to Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Cyp4a14 Knockout Mice Fed on High Fat Diet.

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varunkumar G Pandey ◽  
Lars Bellner ◽  
Victor Garcia ◽  
Joseph Schragenheim ◽  
Andrew Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

20-HETE (20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) is a cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase metabolite of arachidonic acid that promotes endothelial dysfunction, microvascular remodeling and hypertension. Previous studies have shown that urinary 20-HETE levels correlate with BMI and plasma insulin levels. However, there is no direct evidence for the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of glucose metabolism, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study we examined the effect of 20-SOLA (2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19-yl-20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoate), a water-soluble 20-HETE antagonist, on blood pressure, weight gain and blood glucose in Cyp4a14 knockout (Cyp4a14-/-) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). The Cyp4a14-/- male mice exhibit high vascular 20-HETE levels and display 20-HETE-dependent hypertension. There was no difference in weight gain and fasting blood glucose between Cyp4a14-/- and wild type (WT) on regular chow. When subjected to HFD for 15 weeks, a significant increase in weight was observed in Cyp4a14-/- as compared to WT mice (56.5±3.45 vs. 30.2±0.7g, p<0.05). Administration of 20-SOLA (10mg/kg/day in drinking water) significantly attenuated the weight gain (28.7±1.47g, p<0.05) and normalized blood pressure in Cyp4a14-/- mice on HFD (116±0.3 vs. 172.7±4.6mmHg, p<0.05). HFD fed Cyp4a14-/- mice exhibited hyperglycemia as opposed to normal glucose levels in WT on a HFD (154±1.9 vs. 96.3±3.0 mg/dL, p<0.05). 20-SOLA prevented the HFD-induced hyperglycemia in Cyp4a14-/- mice (91±8mg/dL, p<0.05). Plasma insulin levels were markedly high in Cyp4a14-/- mice vs. WT on HFD (2.66±0.7 vs. 0.58±0.18ng/mL, p<0.05); corrected by the treatment with 20-SOLA (0.69±0.09 ng/mL, p<0.05). Importantly, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in Cyp4a14-/- mice on HFD; ameliorated by treatment with 20-SOLA. This novel finding that blockade of 20-HETE actions by 20-SOLA prevents HFD-induced obesity and restores glucose homeostasis in Cyp4a14-/- mice suggests that 20-HETE contributes to obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in HFD induced metabolic disorder. The molecular mechanisms underlying 20-HETE mediated metabolic dysfunction are being currently explored.

scholarly journals Renal olfactory receptor 1393 contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes in a diet-induced obesity model

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. F372-F381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blythe D. Shepard ◽  
Hermann Koepsell ◽  
Jennifer L. Pluznick
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption

Olfactory receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that serve to detect odorants in the nose. Additionally, these receptors are expressed in other tissues, where they have functions outside the canonical smell response. Olfactory receptor 1393 (Olfr1393) was recently identified as a novel regulator of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (Sglt1) localization in the renal proximal tubule. Glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule (via Sglt1 and Sglt2) has emerged as an important contributor to the development of diabetes. Inhibition of Sglt2 is accepted as a viable therapeutic treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes and has been shown to delay development of diabetic kidney disease. We hypothesized that Olfr1393 may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, particularly the development of hyperfiltration, which has been linked to increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule via the Sglts. To test this hypothesis, Olfr1393 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were challenged with a high-fat diet to induce early-stage type 2 diabetes. After 16 wk on the high-fat diet, fasting blood glucose values were increased and glucose tolerance was impaired in the male WT mice. Both of these effects were significantly blunted in the male KO mice. In addition, male and female WT mice developed diabetes-induced hyperfiltration, which was attenuated in the Olfr1393 KO mice and corresponded with a reduction in luminal expression of Sglt2. Collectively, these data indicate that renal Olfr1393 can contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, likely as a regulator of Na+-glucose cotransport in the proximal tubule.

scholarly journals Following a Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Compared to Reduced Calorie, High Carbohydrate Diet as a Nutritional Intervention in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joy Lewis ◽  
Kevin Haubrick
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

There is evidence supporting individuals with type 2 diabetes benefit from lifestyle changes through a nutrition intervention that improves diabetic (blood glucose and HgbA1c) and cardiovascular (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) biomarkers. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate if patients with type 2 diabetes following a low carbohydrate, high fat eating pattern is more effective than following a reduced caloric, high carbohydrate eating pattern in the improvement of diabetic (blood glucose and HgbA1c) and cardiovascular (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) biomarkers. A literature search was conducted on peer-reviewed research trials registered in PubMed, from January 2007 to September 2019 using combinations of the search terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 AND Diet, Ketogenic; OR Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted. The literature was analyzed in chronological order; grouping in four year increments from 2007 to 2019. The thirty-six articles reviewed provide evidence to support the use of a low carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes versus a reduced caloric diet. This systematic review highlighted diabetic (HgbA1c and fasting blood glucose) and cardiovascular biomarkers (HDL) of type 2 diabetic patients improve significantly when following a low-carbohydrate, high fat diet versus a reduced calorie, high carbohydrate intake.

scholarly journals Low basal metabolic rate as a risk factor for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001381
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maciak ◽  
Diana Sawicka ◽  
Anna Sadowska ◽  
Sławomir Prokopiuk ◽  
Sylwia Buczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat

IntroductionIdentification of physiological factors influencing susceptibility to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains an important challenge for biology and medicine. Numerous studies reported energy expenditures as one of those components directly linked to T2D, with noticeable increase of basal metabolic rate (BMR) associated with the progression of insulin resistance. Conversely, the putative link between genetic, rather than phenotypic, determination of BMR and predisposition to development of T2D remains little studied. In particular, low BMR may constitute a considerable risk factor predisposing to development of T2D.Research design and methodsWe analyzed the development of insulin resistance and T2D in 20-week-old male laboratory mice originating from three independent genetic line types. Two of those lines were subjected to divergent, non-replicated selection towards high or low body mass-corrected BMR. The third line type was non-selected and consisted of randomly bred animals serving as an outgroup (reference) to the selected line types. To induce insulin resistance, mice were fed for 8 weeks with a high fat diet; the T2D was induced by injection with a single dose of streptozotocin and further promotion with high fat diet. As markers for insulin resistance and T2D advancement, we followed the changes in body mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, lipid profile and mTOR expression.ResultsWe found BMR-associated differentiation in standard diabetic indexes between studied metabolic lines. In particular, mice with low BMR were characterized by faster body mass gain, blood glucose gain and deterioration in lipid profile. In contrast, high BMR mice were characterized by markedly higher expression of the mTOR, which may be associated with much slower development of T2D.ConclusionsOur study suggests that genetically determined low BMR makeup involves metabolism-specific pathways increasing the risk of development of insulin resistance and T2D.

scholarly journals Insulin-mimetic macromolecular poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone-based vanadium metallocomplexes. Part 2. Assessment of the hypoglycemic activity of the vanadium macromolecular metal complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Veronika A. Mukhina ◽  
◽  
Veronika A. Prikhodko ◽  
Nadezhda V. Kirillova ◽  
Natalia A. Anisimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Polymer Complex ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Metal Polymer

In a previous work, a method for the synthesis of a new metal-polymer complex of oxovanadium (IV) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone was described, its structure was studied by spectral methods, and its composition was determined. Based on the data of electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, it was shown that the complex is formed due to the interaction of the metal with nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the polymer lactam ring, it should be noted that this type of interaction can occur both by intramolecular or intermolecular coordination. Using the Prozorovsky’s express method for estimation of acute oral toxicity the median value of LD50 of the synthesized complex was determined and it amounted to 1350 ± 160 mg/kg. The obtained LD50 value allow to attribute this metal-polymer complex to the class of low-toxic substances, which opens up some prospects for its further research on insulinomimetic activity. The aim of this work is to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of new polymer derivatives of vanadyl (VO2+) based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and to explore the possibility of using these compounds or compositions based on them for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The work describes a method for creating an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in animals, combining the use of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin as a diabetogenic agent. The results of evaluating the effect of the studied metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism of laboratory animals as changes in blood glucose and urine, change daily diuresis of animals during treatment. The results of evaluating the effect of the metal-polymer complexes on such indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in laboratory animals as a change in blood and urine glucose, a change in the daily diuresis of animals during and after treatment are presented. The investigation of the effect of the obtained vanadium compounds on carbohydrate indices was carried out using metformin as a comparison drug. It was found that the new metal-polymer complexes of vanadium have hypoglycemic activity, normalizing the blood glucose level of laboratory animals with high-fat diet/ streptozotocin induced diabetes.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH KUMAR YADAV ◽  
REETU ◽  
ARUN GARG
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively. Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.

scholarly journals A clinical study to evaluate the role of Madhumehari Vati in the management of Madhumeha type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Sharma ◽  
Alankruta R. Dave ◽  
Brijbala Vasishth ◽  
Vasundhara Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Excessive Sweating

Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence at the global level. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder which can be correlated with Madhumeha. Madhumeha is Tridoshaj in origin with predominance of Vata and Kapha. Type 2 diabetes results when the body produces insufficient insulin or the body cannot use the insulin it produces. Most of the contents of Madhumehari Vati are having Katu (pungent), Tikta (bitter), Kashaya (astringent) Rasa (taste), Laghu (light), Ruksha (rough) Guna (properties), Katu (pungent) Vipaka (taste after digestion), Ushna (hot) Virya (potency), Deepana, Pachana Kapha-Pitta Shamaka properties and hypoglycaemic,antidiabetic activity,Hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities which are essential in the management of Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes). So, this study was taken up to evaluate the effectiveness of Madhumehari Vati in the management of Madhumeha (type 2 Diabetes).  Aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Madhumehari Vati in the management of Madhumeha w.s.r type 2 diabetes.Methods: Total 31 patients were selected from OPD of Kayachikitsa, department, I. T. R. A., Jamnagar. In this study Madhumehari Vati was given in dose of one tablet (1000 mg each) three times in a day with plain water before meal.Results: After the course of therapy for 8 weeks, statistically highly significant improvement was found in subjective parameters like Pindikodwestana (calf muscles cramps), Guru Gatrata  (heaviness of body), Supti (numbness), Karapada Daha (burning sensation in palm and soles), Prabhutamutrata (polyuria), Atipipasa (polydipsia) whereas Shithila Angata (flaccidity of body parts), Swedadhikya (excessive sweating), Kshudha Adhikya (polyphasia) and Nidra Adhikya (excessive sleep) remained statistically significant (p<0.05). In objective parameters statistically highly, significant improvement was found in post prandial blood glucose whereas statistically significant improvement was found fasting blood glucose and HbA1C.Conclusions: Madhumehari Vati is effective in the management of Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes). No ADR (adverse drug reaction) was reported during the study.

Coumarins improved type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin in mice via antioxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfa Yao ◽  
Xuqin Zhao ◽  
Jinxia Xin ◽  
Yingqi Wu ◽  
Hanbing Li
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Hepatic Sinusoid ◽  
Insulin Levels

Coumarins extensively exist in plants and are utilized against diabetes in some folk medicines. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We investigated the antioxidant ability of 3 coumarins (osthole, esculin, and fraxetin) in type 2 diabetes. After being fed a high-fat diet, ICR mice were exposed to low doses of streptozotocin and then treated with experimental coumarins for 5 weeks. We found osthole, esculin, and metformin significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and 3 blood lipids (total cholesterol, total triglyceride, free fatty acids), and increased insulin levels, while fraxetin only enhanced insulin levels and lessened free fatty acids. Both osthole and esculin had antioxidative effects in pancreas through elevating the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase; fraxetin, however, merely heightened catalase activity. By contrast, 3 coumarins significantly increased those antioxidase activities in liver. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed 3 coumarins, especially osthole, attenuated cellular derangement, blurry fringes of hepatic sinusoid and extensive vacuolization due to hepatocellular lipid accumulation, and lessened inflammatory infiltration in pancreas. The glomerular and islet structure of diabetic mice were improved, with reduced mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane thickening. Therefore, our study supports that coumarins could be promising candidates against type 2 diabetes through antioxidative mechanisms.

Epigenetic modulation of autophagy genes linked to diabetic nephropathy by administration of isorhamnetin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Matboli ◽  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Amany H Hasanin ◽  
Mohamed Kamel Hassan ◽  
Eman K Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Protein Levels

Aim: To assess isorhamnetin efficacy for diabetic kidney disease in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model, through investigating its effect at the epigenetic, mRNA and protein levels. Materials & methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin and high-fat diet. Rats were treated with isorhamnetin (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 or 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles were evaluated. Renal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Autophagy genes ( FYCO1, ULK, TECPR1 and  WIPI2) and miR-15b, miR-34a and miR-633 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and LC3A/B by immunoblotting. Results: Isorhamnetin improved fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles with increased autophagosomes in renal tissues. It suppressed miRNA regulation of autophagy genes Conclusion: We propose a molecular mechanism for the isorhamnetin renoprotective effect by modulation of autophagy epigenetic regulators.

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