scholarly journals Core Muscle Activity, Exercise Preference, and Perceived Exertion during Core Exercise with Elastic Resistance versus Machine

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Vinstrup ◽  
Emil Sundstrup ◽  
Mikkel Brandt ◽  
Markus D. Jakobsen ◽  
Joaquin Calatayud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Exercise Preference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Training Modalities ◽  
Muscular Activation

Objectives. To investigate core muscle activity, exercise preferences, and perceived exertion during two selected core exercises performed with elastic resistance versus a conventional training machine.Methods. 17 untrained men aged 26–67 years participated in surface electromyography (EMG) measurements of five core muscles during torso-twists performed from left to right with elastic resistance and in the machine, respectively. The order of the exercises was randomized and each exercise consisted of 3 repetitions performed at a 10 RM load. EMG amplitude was normalized (nEMG) to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC).Results. A higher right erector spinae activity in the elastic exercise compared with the machine exercise (50% [95% CI 36–64] versus 32% [95% CI 18–46] nEMG) was found. By contrast, the machine exercise, compared with the elastic exercise, showed higher left external oblique activity (77% [95% CI 64–90] versus 54% [95% CI 40–67] nEMG). For the rectus abdominis, right external oblique, and left erector spinae muscles there were no significant differences. Furthermore, 76% preferred the torso-twist with elastic resistance over the machine exercise. Perceived exertion (Borg CR10) was not significantly different between machine (5.8 [95% CI 4.88–6.72]) and elastic exercise (5.7 [95% CI 4.81–6.59]).Conclusion. Torso-twists using elastic resistance showed higher activity of the erector spinae, whereas torso-twist in the machine resulted in higher activity of the external oblique. For the remaining core muscles the two training modalities induced similar muscular activation. In spite of similar perceived exertion the majority of the participants preferred the exercise using elastic resistance.

Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuki Kurokawa ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Satoru Demura ◽  
Kazuya Shinmura ◽  
Noriaki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

scholarly journals Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Feodoroff ◽  
Ippokratis Konstantinidis ◽  
Ingo Froböse
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Training System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Training Systems

BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have associated sedentary behavior in front of screens with health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Yet options for exergaming—playing video games that require rigorous physical exercise—seem to fall short of the physical activity levels recommended by the World Health Organization. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR)-based training system on cardiovascular and muscular parameters of young adults. METHODS A cross-sectional experiment design was used to analyze muscle activity (surface electromyography), heart rate, perceived exertion (RPE), cybersickness symptoms, perceived workload, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) in 33 participants performing two 5-minute flights on a new training device. RESULTS Participants’ performance of the planking position required to play the game resulted in moderate aerobic intensity (108 [SD 18.69] bpm). Due to the mainly isometric contraction of the dorsal muscle chain (with a mean activation between 20.6% [SD 10.57] and 26.7% [SD 17.39] maximum voluntary isometric contraction), participants described the exercise as a moderate to vigorous activity (RPE 14.6 [SD 1.82]). The majority reported that they enjoyed the exercise (PACES 3.74 [SD 0.16]). However, six participants had to drop out because of cybersickness symptoms and two because of muscle pain due to prior injuries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fully immersive VR training systems can contribute to muscle-strengthening activities for healthy users. However, the dropout rate highlights the need for technological improvements in both software and hardware. In prevention and therapy, movement quality is a fundamental part of providing effective resistance training that benefits health. Exergaming on a regular basis has the potential to develop strong muscles and a healthy back. It is essential that future VR-based training systems take into account the recommendations of sport and exercise science.

scholarly journals Effects of Full Body Exergaming in Virtual Reality on Cardiovascular and Muscular Parameters: Cross-Sectional Experiment

10.2196/12324 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e12324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Feodoroff ◽  
Ippokratis Konstantinidis ◽  
Ingo Froböse
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Training System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Training Systems

Background In recent years, many studies have associated sedentary behavior in front of screens with health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Yet options for exergaming—playing video games that require rigorous physical exercise—seem to fall short of the physical activity levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a fully immersive virtual reality (VR)-based training system on cardiovascular and muscular parameters of young adults. Methods A cross-sectional experiment design was used to analyze muscle activity (surface electromyography), heart rate, perceived exertion (RPE), cybersickness symptoms, perceived workload, and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) in 33 participants performing two 5-minute flights on a new training device. Results Participants’ performance of the planking position required to play the game resulted in moderate aerobic intensity (108 [SD 18.69] bpm). Due to the mainly isometric contraction of the dorsal muscle chain (with a mean activation between 20.6% [SD 10.57] and 26.7% [SD 17.39] maximum voluntary isometric contraction), participants described the exercise as a moderate to vigorous activity (RPE 14.6 [SD 1.82]). The majority reported that they enjoyed the exercise (PACES 3.74 [SD 0.16]). However, six participants had to drop out because of cybersickness symptoms and two because of muscle pain due to prior injuries. Conclusions Our findings suggest that fully immersive VR training systems can contribute to muscle-strengthening activities for healthy users. However, the dropout rate highlights the need for technological improvements in both software and hardware. In prevention and therapy, movement quality is a fundamental part of providing effective resistance training that benefits health. Exergaming on a regular basis has the potential to develop strong muscles and a healthy back. It is essential that future VR-based training systems take into account the recommendations of sport and exercise science.

scholarly journals Core Muscle Activation in Suspension Training Exercises

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cugliari ◽  
Gennaro Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Core Training ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Electromyographic Signals ◽  
Roll Out

AbstractA quantitative observational laboratory study was conducted to characterize and classify core training exercises executed in a suspension modality on the base of muscle activation. In a prospective single-group repeated measures design, seventeen active male participants performed four suspension exercises typically associated with core training (roll-out, bodysaw, pike and knee-tuck). Surface electromyographic signals were recorded from lower and upper parts of rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, lower and upper parts of erector spinae muscles using concentric bipolar electrodes. The average rectified values of electromyographic signals were normalized with respect to individual maximum voluntary isometric contraction of each muscle. Roll-out exercise showed the highest activation of rectus abdominis and oblique muscles compared to the other exercises. The rectus abdominis and external oblique reached an activation higher than 60% of the maximal voluntary contraction (or very close to that threshold, 55%) in roll-out and bodysaw exercises. Findings from this study allow the selection of suspension core training exercises on the basis of quantitative information about the activation of muscles of interest. Roll-out and bodysaw exercises can be considered as suitable for strength training of rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles.

Muscle Activation in the Shoulder Girdle and Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex During Common Therapeutic Exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luk Devorski ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones ◽  
L. Colby Mangum ◽  
Neal R. Glaviano
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
External Oblique

Context: Lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC) exercises are used to increase stabilization within the human body. Torso-elevated side support (TESS), foot-elevated side support (FESS), prone bridge plank (PBP), and V-sit are common LPHC exercises. Objective: To evaluate muscle activation in the shoulder girdle and LPHC during 4 LPHC exercises and evaluate the reasoning for termination. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen healthy participants (12 males and 5 females; age: 21.47 [3.16] y, height: 179.73 [8.92] cm, mass: 76.89 [11.17] kg). Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed 2 repetitions of the TESS, FESS, PBP, and V-sit until failure. Surface electromyography of the middle deltoid, latissimus dorsi, middle trapezius, rectus abdominis, erector spinae, external oblique, and gluteus medius were recorded and normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The duration of exercise and subjective reasoning for termination of exercise was completed following the 4 tasks. Results: The TESS and PBP had significantly greater middle deltoid muscle activation (TESS: 55.66% [24.45%] MVIC and PBP: 42.63% [18.25%] MVIC) compared with the FESS (10.10% [10.04%] MVIC) and V-sit (2.21% [1.94%] MVIC), P < .05. The TESS produced significantly greater external oblique activity (78.13% [32.32%] MVIC) than the PBP (54.99% [19.54%] MVIC), P < .05. Due to shoulder fatigue and pain, 41.1% and 17.0% of participants terminated the TESS, respectively. The PBP was terminated due to abdominal fatigue (41.1%) and upper-extremity fatigue (47.0%). Conclusions: The V-sit resulted in isolated activity of the abdominal portion of the LPHC. The FESS had increased global co-contraction of the LPHC compared with the TESS. The PBP and TESS had significant muscle activation in the upper-extremity.

Analysis of the quadratus lumborum muscle activity on leg length discrepancy: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sevim Eryiğit ◽  
Abdullah Al Kafee ◽  
Aydin Akan
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum

BACKGROUND: Quadratus lumborum (QL) discrete region extensions might change depending on whether leg length discrepancy (LLD) individually has any extra erector spinae action in the lumbar spine, which can result in serious injury to the lower extremities and lumbar vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of QL muscle activity on LLD by using electromyography (EMG) signals. METHODS: The study employed a randomized controlled design. A total of 100 right-handed volunteers were included in this study. All participants were assessed manually by tape measurement for LLD. EMG signals were recorded during the resting and maximal isometric contraction positions to determine QL muscle activity. The power spectral density (PSD) methods were applied to compute EMG signals. RESULTS: In maximal isometric contraction position, comparing the short right LLD (Right side = 0.00064 ± 0.00001, Left side = 0.00033 ± 0.0006) and short left LLD (Right side = 0.00001 ± 0.00008, Left side = 0.00017 ± 0.0001), it was found that the short right LLD group had significantly increased PSD of EMG values. In resting position, the short right LLD (Right side = 0.0002 ± 0.0073, Left side = 0.00016 ± 0.0065) had significantly increased PSD of EMG compared to the short left LLD (Right side = 0.00004 ± 0.0003, Left side = 0.0001 ± 0.0008) values of the QL muscle activity. The results of both groups were also statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that it is possible to determine effective experimental interventions for functional LLD using EMG signal analysis of QL muscle activity on an asymptomatic normal population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Chair-Mounted Passive Trunk Orthosis: A Pilot Study on Able-Bodied Subjects

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8366
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zahid Rao ◽  
Muhammad Abul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Trunk Stability ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Forward Bending ◽  
Trunk Orientation ◽  
Voluntary Reaching ◽  
Side Bending

Trunk stability is important for adequate arm function due to their kinematic linkage. People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can benefit from trunk-assistive devices for seated daily activities, but existing devices limit trunk movement to forward bending. We developed a new trunk orthosis that has spring and pulley design. This study evaluated orthosis performance with 40 able-bodied subjects under with and without orthosis condition in 20 seated tasks for trunk rotation, forward bending, and side bending movements. Subjects adopted static posture in specific trunk orientation while their muscle activity was recorded. They also rated the subjective scales of perceived exertion and usability. A percent change in muscle activity for each task, due to orthosis use, is reported. Significant muscle activity reductions up to 31% and 65% were observed in lumbar and thoracic erector spinae muscles, respectively. Using three-way ANOVA, we found these reductions to be specific to the task direction and the choice of upper limb that is used to perform the asymmetric tasks. A total of 70% participants reported acceptable usability and ~1-point increase in exertion was found for maximum voluntary reaching with the orthosis. The outcomes of this study are promising, though tested on able-bodied subjects. Hence, orthosis mounted on wheelchairs should be further evaluated on DMD patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of Scapular Muscle EMG Activity During Elastic Resistance Oscillation Exercises From the Perspective of Different Arm Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuruike ◽  
Todd S. Ellenbecker ◽  
Yoshinori Kagaya ◽  
Luke Lemings
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Elastic Resistance

Background: Little is known about the optimal exercise intensity and the effects of arm position on elastic resistance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate scapular muscle activity in different arm positions utilized during standing elastic resistance exercise. Hypothesis: Lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and infraspinatus (IS) muscle activity will vary across arm positions above shoulder level. Also, oscillation resistance exercise will result in increased muscle activity compared with isometric contraction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A total of 19 uninjured male collegiate baseball players volunteered to participate in this study. The electromyography (EMG) activity of the LT, upper trapezius (UT), middle deltoid (MD), SA, and IS muscles was determined using surface EMG in 3 arm positions: diagonal pattern 1 (D1), 120° of shoulder abduction (120), and 90° shoulder abduction with external rotation and elbow flexion (90/90) during both isometric contraction and oscillation resistance exercise. Results: No difference in EMG activity of the LT muscle was found between the 120 and 90/90 position. However, the 120 position increased UT and MD muscle activity significantly more than those of the 90/90 position. The D1 arm position significantly increased SA muscle activity more than the 120 and 90/90 positions while the LT muscle activity was nearly silent. Conclusion: The standing 90/90 position effectively generated both LT and IS muscle EMG activity while minimizing both UT and MD muscle activity. Clinical Relevance: The use of oscillation movements under elastic loading can create high muscle activation in the LT muscle without an adverse effect of the humeral head position and scapular rotation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Shoulder Abduction Angle on Trapezius Muscle Activity During Scapular Retraction Exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Kara ◽  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
Irem Duzgun
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Elastic Resistance ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Abstract Context: Scapular retraction exercises are often prescribed to enhance scapular stabilization. Objectives: To investigate the upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT) activities, and UT/MT and UT/LT ratios during scapular retraction exercise with elastic resistance at different shoulder abduction angles. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanical analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-five asymptomatic individuals. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to evaluate UT, MT, and LT activities during the scapular retraction exercise at 0º, 45º, 90º, and 120º shoulder abductions. Results: The mean muscle activity ranged from 15.8%–54.7% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for UT, 30.5%–51.6% MVIC for MT, 21.4%–25.5% MVIC for LT. A significant "muscle×angle" interaction was found (p&lt;0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that the MT was significantly more activated than UT and LT during both retraction at 0º (p&lt;0.001; p=0.01, respectively) and 120º (p=0.03; p=0.002, respectively). During retraction at 45º and 90º, the LT generated significantly lower activity than the UT (p=0.02; p=0.03, respectively) and MT (p&lt;0.001; p=0.002, respectively). Besides, UT/MT and UT/LT ratios during retraction at 0º were significantly lower than 45º (p=0.03; p=0.001, respectively) and 90º (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001, respectively). Retraction at 90º resulted significantly higher UT/LT ratio than 45º (p=0.004) and 120º (p=0.004). Conclusions: Due to lower UT activity relative to MT, retraction at 0º, 45º, and 120º can be preferred in early shoulder training or rehabilitation. Additionally, retraction at 90º was the most effective exercise in activating entire trapezius muscle parts.

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