scholarly journals Diabetes and Its Link with Cancer: Providing the Fuel and Spark to Launch an Aggressive Growth Regime

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanket Joshi ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Nigel Turner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Antitumour Effects

Diabetes is a disease involving metabolic derangements in multiple organs. While the spectrum of diabetic complications has been known for years, recent evidence suggests that diabetes could also contribute to the initiation and propagation of certain cancers. The mechanism(s) underlying this relationship are not completely resolved but likely involve changes in hormone and nutrient levels, as well as activation of inflammatory and stress-related pathways. Interestingly, some of the drugs used clinically to treat diabetes also appear to have antitumour effects, further highlighting the interaction between these two conditions. In this contribution we review recent literature on this emerging relationship and explore the potential mechanisms that may promote cancer in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and socioeconomic burden of diabetes mellitus in South Korean adults: a population-based study using administrative data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hee Oh ◽  
Hyemin Ku ◽  
Kang Seo Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Cost

Abstract Background Diabetes leads to severe complications and imposes health and financial burdens on the society. However, currently existing domestic public health studies of diabetes in South Korea mainly focus on prevalence, and data on the nationwide burden of diabetes in South Korea are lacking. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and economic burden of diabetes imposed on the South Korean society. Methods A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was conducted using the Korean national claims database. Adult diabetic patients were defined as those aged ≥20 years with claim records containing diagnostic codes for diabetes (E10-E14) during at least two outpatient visits or one hospitalization. Direct costs included medical costs for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and transportation costs. Indirect costs included productivity loss costs due to morbidity and premature death and caregivers’ costs. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the type of diabetes, age (< 65 vs. ≥65), diabetes medication, experience of hospitalization, and presence of diabetic complications or related comorbidities. Results A total of 4,472,133 patients were diagnosed with diabetes in Korea in 2017. The average annual prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 10.7%. The diabetes-related economic burden was USD 18,293 million, with an average per capita cost of USD 4090 in 2019. Medical costs accounted for the biggest portion of the total cost (69.5%), followed by productivity loss costs (17.9%), caregivers’ costs (10.2%), and transportation costs (2.4%). According to subgroup analyses, type 2 diabetes, presence of diabetic complications or related comorbidities, diabetes medication, and hospitalization represented the biggest portion of the economic burden for diabetes. As the number of complications increased from one to three or more, the per capita cost increased from USD 3991 to USD 11,965. In inpatient settings, the per capita cost was ~ 10.8 times higher than that of outpatient settings. Conclusions South Korea has a slightly high prevalence and economic burden of diabetes. These findings highlight the need for effective strategies to manage diabetic patients and suggest that policy makers allocate more health care resources to diabetes. This is the first study on this topic, conducted using a nationally representative claims database in South Korea.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms and the vital roles of resistin, TLR 4, and NF-κB in treating type 2 diabetic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataiah Gudise ◽  
Bimalendu Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Main Body

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes in obese (≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients is the foremost cause of cardiovascular complications like stroke, osteoarthritis, cancers (endometrial, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, and prostate), and vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, diabetic and retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. It is recognized as a global burden disorder with high prevalence in middle-income nations which might lead to a double burden on health care professionals. Hence, this review emphasizes on understanding the complexity and vital signaling tracts involved in diabetic complications for effective treatment. Main body Type 2 diabetes in overweight patients induces the creation of specific ROS that further leads to changes in cellular proliferation, hypothalamus, and fringe. The resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings are mainly involved in the progression of central and fringe changes such as insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic patients. The overexpression of these signals might lead to the rapid progression of diabetic vascular complications induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and cyclooxygenase-mediated chemicals. Until now, there has been no curative treatment for diabetes. Therefore, to effectively treat complications of type 2 diabetes, the researchers need to concentrate on the molecular mechanisms and important signaling tracts involved. Conclusion In this review, we suggested the molecular mechanism of STZ-HFD induced type 2 diabetes and the vital roles of resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings in central, fringe changes, and development diabetic complications for its effective treatment. Graphical abstract

α-Oxoaldehyde metabolism and diabetic complications

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Beisswenger ◽  
S.K. Howell ◽  
R.G. Nelson ◽  
M. Mauer ◽  
B.S. Szwergold
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

The factors responsible for variable susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy are not clear. According to the non-enzymatic glycation hypothesis, diabetes-related tissue damage occurs due to a complex mixture of toxic products, including α-oxoaldehydes, which are inherently toxic as well as serving as presursors for advanced glycation end-products. Protective mechanisms exist to control this unavoidable glycation, and these are determined by genetic or environmental factors that can regulate the concentrations of the reactive sugars or end-products. In diabetes these protective mechanisms become more important, since glycation stress increases, and less efficient defence systems against this stress could lead to diabetic complications. Some of these enzymatic control mechanisms, including those that regulate α-oxoaldehydes, have been identified. We have observed significant increases in production of the α-oxoaldehydes methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in three human populations with biopsy-proven progression of nephropathy. The increase in methylglyoxal could be secondary to defects in downstream glycolytic enzymes (such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) that regulate its production, or in detoxification mechanisms such as glyoxalase. Other mechanisms, however, appear to be responsible for the observed increase in 3-deoxyglucosone levels. We present results of our studies on the mechanisms responsible for variable production of α-oxoaldehydes by measuring the activity and characteristics of these enzymes in cells from complication-prone and -resistant diabetic patients. New therapeutic interventions designed to control these endogenous mechanisms could potentially enhance protection against excessive glycation and prevent or reverse complications of long-term diabetes.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM MAGNESIUM AND LIPID PROFILE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COMPLICATIONS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Singh ◽  
Dhaval Kumar Bhadja ◽  
Mohit Bhatnagar ◽  
Mandeep Joshi ◽  
Shreya Verma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Inpatient Department

Background and aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate serum Magnesium and lipid prole in diabetic patients and to nd out any correlation between serum magnesium and lipid prole in diabetic patients and its association with complications. Material and Methods: In the present study, 70 diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged >30 years attending Diabetic Outpatient and Inpatient Department at Vivekananda Polyclinic giving their consent for inclusion were considered to be included in the study as Cases. Results:In present the study, mean S. magnesium levels of patients with diabetic complications were found to be signicantly lower (1.09±0.22 mg/dl) as compared to that of patients in whom no diabetic complications were seen (2.19±0.71) and this difference was signicant statistically.Conclusions: In the diabetic population correlations of serum magnesium and Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL were Mild while HDL was of moderate level. Among controls correlations of Serum Magnesium with Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were found to be weak and not found to be statistically signicant.

We are not screening properly for disabling diabetic complications in elderly people with diabetes

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
TN Shawis ◽  
MT Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
Diabetic Care ◽  
Acute Wards

We read with interest the review article by Paul V Knight and Alan McKenzie on diabetes in the elderly. They highlight the fact that close examination of the feet or fundoscopy is often not performed. We have audited the care of elderly diabetic patients on our acute wards using the BGS guidline for diabetic care.

Abstract P153: Racial Disparities in Diabetic Complications in a Middle and Low Income Population of Louisiana

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Ronald Horswell ◽  
Wenting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Incident Rates

Background: Although coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), stroke, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are major microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, they are less clear for diabetic subgroups especially on those with middle and low income. Aim: To investigate racial disparities in the incidence of diabetic complications in middle and low income adults. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study (1985-2010) on diabetic patients enrolled in the LSU Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study. Study cohorts included 89,353 diabetic patients (16,326 White men, 21,496 White women, 19,422 African American men and 32,109 African American women) who were 30 to 96 years of age. We calculated the gender specific age-standardized incident rates using the direct method to the year 2010 Census population. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare racial or gender specific hazard ratios for CHD, HF, stroke and ESRD after adjustment for age, race, type of health insurance, family income, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, HbA 1c , estimated GFR, albuminuria, and drug treatments for diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Results: During an average 4.0 years of follow-up, 16,935 CHD, 13,421 HF, 6,804 stroke, and 13,281 ESRD incident cases were ascertained. The age-standardized incident rates of the four diabetic complications are presented in table 1 . Compared with White diabetic patients, African Americans experienced higher rates of ESRD and lower rates of CHD, HF, and stroke. Female diabetic patients had lower rates of the four complications than males. Results of the Cox proportional hazard models confirmed the racial disparity and gender difference we found in the age-standardized incident rates. Conclusions: The results support the existence of racial differences in the incidence of diabetic complications in this population. Table 1 Age-adjusted incident rates of type 2 diabetes complications in the LSUHLS study Age-standardized incident rates White African American Male Female Male Female Coronary Heart Disease 101.6 (98.8-104.5) 62.0 (60.4-63.7) 50.7 (49.2-52.2) 44.4 (43.4-45.5) Heart Failure 54.9 (52.9-56.8) 41.9 (40.6-43.1) 43.4 (42.0-44.8) 38.4 (37.4-39.3) Stroke 22.1 (20.9-23.3) 20.7 (19.8-21.6) 19.9 (19.0-20.8) 18.5 (17.8-19.1) End-stage Renal Disease 43.3 (41.6-45.0) 33.4 (32.2-34.5) 51.4 (50.0-52.9) 35.2 (34.3-36.1)

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