scholarly journals Influence of Different Doses of Levofloxacin on Antioxidant Defense Systems and Markers of Renal and Hepatic Dysfunctions in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka ◽  
Ayokanmi Ore ◽  
Olaniyi Solomon Ola
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Control Plasma ◽  
Different Doses

Levofloxacin (LFX) is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of infections such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and sinusitis. The present study assessed the likely toxic effect of LFX on hepatic and renal tissues in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: A: control, B: 5 mg/kg bw LFX (half therapeutic dose), C: 10 mg/kg bw LFX (therapeutic dose), and D: 20 mg/kg bw LFX (double therapeutic dose). After seven days of administration, result indicated significant (P<0.05) increase in plasma ALT, AST, and ALP activities in the treated groups compared to control. Also, there was a significant increase in plasma creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin in the treated groups relative to control. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides also increased significantly in the treated groups relative to control. Also, hepatic MDA level increased significantly in all the treated groups. However, hepatic SOD, catalase, and GST activities were significantly reduced in the LFX-treated animals. Moreover, GSH and ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased in the LFX-treated groups relative to control. In conclusion, three doses of levofloxacin depleted antioxidant defense system and induced oxidative stress and hepatic and renal dysfunctions in rats.

POSSIBILITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERIOR HYPERPLASIA OF THE PEDESTAL GLAND AND ACCOMPANYING CHRONIC POSTATITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Георгиевич Осипов ◽  
Андрей Александрович Береш ◽  
Юрий Сергеевич Ханин ◽  
Олеся Игоревна Некрылова
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Benign Hyperplasia

Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в диагностике и лечении, на сегодняшний день проблема хронического простатита у пациентов с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты продолжает оставаться актуальной. Тем временем, выздоровление или же стойкая ремиссия хронического простатита наступает только у 30-35% больных, которые получают традиционное лечение. В патогенезе хронического простатита важное место занимают мембранопатологические процессы, которые обусловлены активацией перекисного окисления липидов и нарушением состояния антиоксидантной системы защиты. У больных с хроническим простатитом и доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты наблюдается существенное усиление процессов липопероксидации на фоне сниженной функциональной способности антиоксидантных систем защиты организма. Поэтому равновесие в оксидантно-антиоксидантной системе является важным звеном в поддержании гомеостаза и, в частности, при патологии предстательной железы, предопределяет включение в комплексное лечение средств антиоксидантного действия. Перспективным можно считать применение препаратов с высоким содержанием биофлавоноидов и антиоксидантных витаминов. Включение в комплексное лечение таких пациентов препарата Кверцетина приводит к сокращению сроков нормализации клинико-лабораторных проявлений заболевания благодаря восстановлению равновесия между перекисным окислением липидов и состоянием антиоксидантной системы защиты Despite the successes achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, to date, the problem of chronic progression in patients with benign hyperplasia of the growth continues to remain relevant. Meanwhile, recovery or persistent remission of chronic prostatitis occurs only in 30-35% of patients who receive traditional treatment. In the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis, membrane-pathological processes take an important place, which are caused by the activation of lipid peroxidation and impaired state of the antioxidant defense system. In patients with chronic prostate and benign hyperplasia, a significant increase in lipoperoxidation processes is observed against the background of a reduced functional ability of antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the equilibrium in the oxidant-antioxidant system is an important link in the maintenance of homeostasis and, in particular, with the pathology of the prostate gland, allows the inclusion of antioxidant drugs in the complex treatment. The use of drugs with a high content of bioflavonoids and antioxidant vitamins can be considered promising. The inclusion of such patients in the complex treatment of the drug Quercetin leads to a reduction in the normalization period of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease due to the restoration of the equilibrium between the peroxidation of the lipid peroxidation system and the state of lipid peroxidation

scholarly journals The effects of ellagic acid on testicular tissue changes, sexual hormones, antioxidant system and Gene Expression of Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 in the relative sterility rat model following administration of busulfan: A stereological study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Vakili ◽  
farhad koohpeyma ◽  
Forough Saki ◽  
Marzieh Mahmoodi ◽  
Khojaste Rahimi Jaberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Tissue Changes

Abstract Background Busulfan is an antineoplastic medication that is broadly utilized for cancer treatment. On the other hand, prescription of busulfan may cause sterility in male patients. Therefore, the decrease of this side effect is important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ellagic acid on testicular tissue changes, sexual hormones, antioxidant defense system, and caspase-9 and Bcl2 gene expression in the relative sterility rat model following administration of busulfan.Methods Rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 13 animals per group. Sterility was induced by a single injection of busulfan (10 mg/kg) in groups 3, 4 and 5. The control group was not treated. The healthy group received 50 mg/kg ellagic acid. Groups 4 and 5 (treatment group) received 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg ellagic acid, respectively for 48 days. Then, the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, Malondialdehyde, sexual hormones and the testicular damage were evaluated.Results The significant increment of total antioxidant capacity and catalase was seen in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). Also, both treatment groups significantly increased spermatogonia, round spermatids and long spermatids. Treatment with 50 mg/kg ellagic acid significantly increased the testis weight, testis volume, seminiferous tubule volume, germinal epithelium volume, interstitial tissue volume, spermatocyte, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in the busulfan group(P < 0.05). Additionally, 50 mg/kg ellagic acid significantly increased the gene expression of Bcl2 and decreased caspase 9 in the busulfan group (P < 0.05).Conclusions The consumption of ellagic acid may have beneficial effects on antioxidant defense system, sexual hormones abnormality and testicular tissue damage.

scholarly journals Antioxidants from Plant Sources and Free Radicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayat Atasoy ◽  
Ufuk Mercan Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Today, many factors such as advancing technology, environmental pollution, radiation, contaminated water, pesticides, heavy metals, stress and oxygen metabolism in living cells inevitably cause the formation of free radicals in the human body. Free radicals are very reactive forms of oxygen that destroy the cells of the organism. This calls for cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, diabetes and many more diseases. To provide solutions to these diseases, firstly, we can eliminate the negative effects of free radicals and prevent the formation of diseases. While there is an antioxidant defense system in the human body that can prevent this, the environmental factors encountered break down this defense resistance and sometimes make it inadequate. We can strengthen our weakened antioxidant defense systems by eating a natural and balanced diet and consuming fruits and vegetables containing antioxidants, thus preventing illness. Research shows that free radicals have a significant effect on aging, free radical damage can be controlled with adequate antioxidant defense, and optimal antioxidant nutrient intake can contribute to improved quality of life. This review is intended to highlight once again the importance of alternative antioxidants in the body to eliminate free radicals and their harmful effects.

scholarly journals Feverfew attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mazani ◽  
Shokofeh Banaei ◽  
Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Different Doses

Introduction: Feverfew is an herbal medicine with the traditional usage of treating several disorders. Some investigations have demonstrated that feverfew is an effective remedy for the prophylactic treatment of inflammatory conditions, migraine and menstrual disorders. Therefore, this study was arranged out to evaluate the protective or curative potentials of feverfew methanolic extract (FME) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative trauma in testis. Methods: In this experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=6). Group I as a normal control received 1 mL/kg distilled water for 14 days orally and on the 14th-day olive oil (1.5 mL/kg, i.p.). Group II received 1 mL/kg distilled water orally for 14 consecutive days. Groups III, IV and V animals were pretreatment groups and treated with three different doses of FME (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) for 14 days. All groups except group one, were also intoxicated with 1.5 ml CCl4 (i.p, in a 1:1 dilution with olive oil) on the 14th day. Groups VI and VII were post-treatment groups and received FME (80 and 120 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after CCl4 injection. Results: Injection of CCl4 significantly (P < 0.001) reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) and increased malondialdehyde when compared to the control group. Administration of FME significantly (P < 0.05) improved these alterations near to control rats. Conclusion: It is suggested that FME has the ability to protect testis against oxidative damage, possibly through antioxidant effects of its bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Activity of the Antioxidant Defense System in a Typical Bioinsecticide-and Synthetic Insecticide-treated Cowpea Storage Beetle Callosobrochus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S19434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele O. Kolawole ◽  
Folasade M. Olajuyigbe ◽  
Joshua O. Ajele ◽  
Chris O. Adedire
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

The non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems play a major role in detoxification of pro-oxidant endobiotics and xenobiotics. The possible involvement of beetle non-enzymatic [α-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid] and enzymatic [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] antioxidant defense system on the insecticidal activity of synthetic insecticides (cypermethrin, 2,2-dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, and λ-cyhalothrin) and ethanolic plant extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, Cyperus rotundus, Hyptis suaveolens leaves, and Jatropha Curcas seeds was investigated. 2,2-Dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP; 200 ppm, LC50 = 13.24 ppm) and T. diversifolia (20,000 ppm) resulted in 100% beetle mortality at 96-hour post-treatment. The post-treatments significantly increased the beetle α-tocopherol and GSH contents. Activities of CAT, SOD, POX, and PPO were modulated by the synthetic insecticides and bioinsecticides to diminish the adverse effect of the chemical stresses. Quantitative and qualitative allelochemical compositions of bioinsecticides and chemical structure of synthetic insecticides possibly account and for modulation of their respective enzyme activities. Altogether, oxidative stress was enormous enough to cause maladaptation in insects. This study established that oxidative imbalance created could be the molecular basis of the efficacy of both insecticides and bio-insecticides. Two, there was development of functional but inadequate antioxidant defense mechanism in the beetle.

scholarly journals Exogenous Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological Responses and Improvement in Yield by Modulating Antioxidant Defense System of Wheat under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul FARDUS ◽  
Md. Abdul MATIN ◽  
Md. HASANUZZAMAN ◽  
Md. Shahadat HOSSAIN ◽  
Sheymol Dev NATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

Present study investigates the regulatory roles of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in physiology, antioxidant defense systems and yield of wheat under different salt stress condition. The experiment was conducted with two varieties i.e. BARIGom 21 and BARIGom 25 and ten salt stress treatments viz. control (without salt), SA (1 mMsalicylic acid), S50 (50 mMsalt stress), S50+SA (50 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S100 (100 mMsalt stress), S100+SA (100 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S150 (150 mMsalt stress), S150+SA (150 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S200 (200 mMsalt stress) and S200+SA (200 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA). Leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content reduced due to salt stress. The malondialdelyde (MDA) and H2O2 were increased under the stress condition. The ascorbate (AsA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio were reduced by salt stresses (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM, respectively). But the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) amount increased with an increase in the all level of salinity. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalase (CAT) activities showed a significant reduction in response to salt stress but CAT increased only at 100 mM stress condition. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly with severe salt stress (200 mM). But the activity of peroxidase (POD) was decreased with increasing salinity level. At harvest, salt stresses reduced the effective tiller hill-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index for both of varieties. However, number of non-effective tiller hill-1 significantly increased in response of salt stress. Exogenous 1 mM SA application with salt stress improved physiological parameters, yield and reduced oxidative damage in both cultivars whereBARI Gom 25 showed better tolerance. But, SA application could not improve physiological parameters and yield at extreme level of salt stress (200 mM).

Fish/flaxseed oil protect against nitric oxide-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death in the rat liver

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Khan ◽  
S Priyamvada ◽  
SA Khan ◽  
S Khan ◽  
A Gangopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an antihypertensive drug with proven toxic effects attributed mainly to the production of nitric oxide (NO). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are widely regarded as functional foods and have been shown to ameliorate the harmful effects of many toxicants. This study examined whether feeding of fish oil (FO)/flaxseed oil (FXO) would have any protective effect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death. Male Wistar rats were fed either on normal diet or with 15% FO/FXO for 15 days, following which SNP (1.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. Animals were killed after treatment, and livers were collected for further analysis. We observed that SNP significantly elevated tissue nitrite levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO) with concomitant perturbation in antioxidant defense systems accompanied with dysregulated glucose metabolism and pronounced cellular death. FO/FXO supplementation to SNP-treated rats caused reversal of tissue injury/cell death and markedly decreased LPO and improved antioxidant defense systems. FO/FXO appear to protect against SNP-induced hepatotoxicity by improving energy metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanism.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Psychrotolerant and UV-C-Resistant Bacterium from Elephant Island, Antarctica with a Highly Thermoactive and Thermostable Catalase

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
María T. Monsalves ◽  
Gabriela P. Ollivet-Besson ◽  
Maximiliano J. Amenabar ◽  
Jenny M. Blamey
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Uv C

Microorganisms present in Antarctica have to deal not only with cold temperatures but also with other environmental conditions, such as high UV radiation, that trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, Antarctic microorganisms must have an important antioxidant defense system to prevent oxidative damage. One of these defenses are antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, which is involved in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide produced under oxidative conditions. Here, we reported the isolation and partial characterization of an Antarctic bacterium belonging to the Serratia genus that was resistant to UV-C radiation and well-adapted to cold temperatures. This microorganism, denominated strain I1P, was efficient at decreasing reactive oxygen species levels produced after UV-C irradiation. Genomic and activity assays suggested that the enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of strain I1P, especially its catalase enzyme, may confer UV resistance. This catalase was active in a wide range of temperatures (20–70 °C), showing optimal activity at 50 °C (at pH 7.0), a remarkable finding considering its psychrotolerant origin. In addition, this enzyme was thermostable, retaining around 60% of its activity after 6 h of incubation at 50 °C. The antioxidant defense systems of strain I1P, including its surprisingly thermoactive and thermostable catalase enzyme, make this microorganism a good source of biocompounds with potential biotechnological applications.

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