scholarly journals 4-Nitroaniline Degradation by TiO2Catalyst Doping with Manganese

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Tong-chao Zhang ◽  
Pin Lin ◽  
Yu-hua Han ◽  
Hong-yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Radiation Dosage ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Voltage ◽  
Degradation Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uv Lamps

Stainless steel anode covered with layer film of TiO2doped with manganese was utilized to decompose 4-nitroaniline in rectangular borosilicate glass reactor, while stainless steel mesh was chosen as cathode; the anode and cathode were connected to the direct-current power; meantime two 60 W (λmax= 365 nm) UV lamps were used as light source. The microstructures on TiO2before and after being doped with manganese were analyzed by energy disperse X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance of degradation of 4-nitroaniline was evaluated by analyzing cracking ratio of 4-nitroaniline ring, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) in remaining solution. Monitored parameters during all the photocatalytic reaction including dissolved oxygen, direct voltage, and radiation dosage of ultraviolet rays were investigated. When dissolved oxygen concentration, direct voltage, and radiation dosage of ultraviolet rays were, respectively, equivalent to 9 mg/L, 24 V, and 1200 μW/cm2, the degradation ratio of 4-nitroaniline reached maximum. The experimental results indicated that cracking ratio of 4-nitroaniline ring and the removal ratio of COD and TOC were, respectively, more than 99%, 85%, and 80% when reaction was run for 10 hours. The values of COD and TOC were, respectively, less than 16 mg/L and 8 mg/L while the experiment was finished.

scholarly journals The Use of Sodium Percarbonate in the Fenton Reaction for the PAHs Oxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
Jolanta Kozak ◽  
Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Sodium Percarbonate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Pahs ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Abstract The aim of the paper was to determine the effectiveness of the removal of 4, 5and 6 - ring PAHs from coking wastewater using sodium percarbonate Na2CO3∙1,5 H2O2 and iron sulphate in acid condition. The samples were exposing to ultraviolet rays. The source of UV-C radiation was a lamp emitting a wave of light with a length of λ = 264 nm, placed directly above the layer of the samples wastewater. The sodium percarbonate Na2CO3 1.5 H2O2 doses were determined on the basis of stoichiometric calculation. Ratio of iron ions to the hydrogen peroxide released in reaction was: 0.5; 0.4; 0.3; 0.2; 0.1. Before and after the oxidation process, COD and TOC value were determined and as well as concentrations of selected PAHs. The total concentration of tested PAHs before oxidation reached the value of 995 μg/L. The average content of organic pollutants determined by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 538 mg/L, while the average content of Total organic carbon (TOC) was 180 mg/L. The use of sodium percarbonate caused the oxidation of organic pollutants and lowering of COD and TOC in the following ranges: 22-46% and 10-30%. For individual PAHs the degradation efficiency was in the ranged from 95% to 99.9%. The degradation efficiency of 4 ring hydrocarbons caused 98% and 5 and 6 ring of hydrocarbons was 98.7% and 99.4%, respectively.

Short-term effects of food availability on air-breathing frequency in the fish Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1964-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Kramer ◽  
E. Anne Braun
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Tension ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Before And After

To examine the hypothesis that breathing patterns in fish capable of bimodal respiration can be modified by ecological factors that alter the relative costs of air and water breathing, we determined the air-breathing frequency and activity of a group of Corydoras aeneus before and after presentation of small amounts of food. In nature a reduction in air breathing while feeding on small, patchy resources should reduce loss of food to competitors and lower the risk of failing to relocalize the food source. Activity always increased after food presentation, but the change in air breathing depended on dissolved oxygen tension. Air breathing decreased after food presentation at 116 and 72 torr (1 torr = 133.322 Pa), stayed the same at 44 torr, and increased at 24 torr. This suggests that although oxygen demand increases during feeding, air breathing is decreased when the ambient conditions permit a compensatory increase in the uptake of dissolved oxygen.

Static Recrystallization and Texture Evolution of 316L Stainless Steel Fibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ou Yu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hui Ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Equations

By isothermal annealing tests, the recrystallization and grain growth behaviors of 316L stainless steel fibers with a diameter of 8 μm were investigated using the optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray texture analysis methods. The average grain size of the fibers with a diameter of 8 μm annealed at different conditions was quantitatively measured. The grain growth equations of the fibers were constructed, and the activation energies for grain growth of the fibers were also determined. Meanwhile, efforts have been paid on analyzing the texture evolution of 316L stainless steel fibers before and after annealing.

scholarly journals Decontamination of industrial textile wastewater using photocatalysis

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (196) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Herney Ramirez ◽  
Hugo Ricardo Zea
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions

<p>Iron-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were prepared by impregnation in order to study their photocatalytic activity in the treatment of wastewater from the textile industry. Characterization of the catalysts before and after reaction was performed using techniques including total surface area measurement, X-Ray diffraction and elemental analysis via X-Ray fluorescence. Varying pH conditions, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations and catalyst quantities were evaluated during the photocatalytic reactions. Fe-TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were shown to be highly active in the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (% COD) and % color reduction in the water treated.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of a dam reservoir on water quality in a small lowland river

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dębska ◽  
Beata Rutkowska ◽  
Wiesław Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Significant Contamination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogenic Compounds ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe paper presents the effects of the dam reservoir in Komorów on the water quality in the Utrata river. The implementation of the adopted objective involved a comparison of water quality at two points, above and below the reservoir. The Utrata River is polluted with biogenic compounds throughout the whole section studied. COD content also indicates significant contamination exceeding permissible limits. A positive effect of the reservoir on water quality in the river was also observed in terms of the content of dissolved oxygen, with concentration increasing below the reservoir. The reservoir had a positive effect on reducing the concentration of total phosphorus in the water. Water in the Utrata below the reservoir showed higher values of chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) than above the reservoir. There were no differences in the concentration of NH4+ and NO3- ions in the water before and after the reservoir.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

New horizons for the structural characterization of stainless steel slags by X-ray powder diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peplinski ◽  
B. Adamczyk ◽  
G. Kley ◽  
K. Adam ◽  
F. Emmerling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Horizons

Novel Electro Polymerization Method to Synthesized Anti-corrosion Coated Layer on Stainless Steel Surface from (N-Benzothiazolyl Maleamic Acid) and Study its Biological Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna I Khalaf ◽  
Khulood A Saleh ◽  
Khalil S Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Plate Electrode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maleamic Acid ◽  
Polymerization Method

Electro polymerization of N-benzothiazolyl maleamic acid (NBM) was carried out on stainless steel plate electrode in a protic medium of monomer aqueous solution using electrochemical oxidation procedure in electrochemical cell.Spectroscopic characterization techniques were investigated to obtain information about the chemical structure of polymer. The anti-corrosion action of polymer was investigated on stainless steel by electrochemical polarization method. In addition, the effect of adding nanomaterial (TiO2, ZnO (bulk-nano)) to monomer solution on the corrosion behavior of stainless steel was investigated. The results obtained showed that the corrosion rate of S-steel increased with temperature increase from 293K to 323K and the values of inhibition efficiency by coating polymer increase with nanomaterial addition. Apparent energies of activation have been calculated for the corrosion process of S-steel in acidic medium before and after polymeric coating. Furthermore were studied the effect of the preparing polymer on some strain of bacteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document