scholarly journals Molecular and Functional Imaging of Internet Addiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqi Zhu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Mei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Negative Consequences

Maladaptive use of the Internet results in Internet addiction (IA), which is associated with various negative consequences. Molecular and functional imaging techniques have been increasingly used for analysis of neurobiological changes and neurochemical correlates of IA. This review summarizes molecular and functional imaging findings on neurobiological mechanisms of IA, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MRI studies demonstrate that structural changes in frontal cortex are associated with functional abnormalities in Internet addicted subjects. Nuclear imaging findings indicate that IA is associated with dysfunction of the brain dopaminergic systems. Abnormal dopamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) could underlie the enhanced motivational value and uncontrolled behavior over Internet overuse in addicted subjects. Further investigations are needed to determine specific changes in the Internet addictive brain, as well as their implications for behavior and cognition.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Evaluation

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

scholarly journals Nuclear Imaging of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond 18F-FDG

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Feng ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Tang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Glucose homeostasis plays a key role in numerous fundamental aspects of life, and its dysregulation is associated with many important diseases such as cancer. The atypical glucose metabolic phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and serves as a promising target for tumor specific imaging. At present, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represented the state-of-the-art radionuclide imaging technique for this purpose. The powerful impact of 18F-FDG has prompted intensive research efforts into other glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Currently, glucose and its analogues have been labeled with various radionuclides such as 99mTc, 111In, 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu and have been successfully investigated for tumor metabolic imaging in many preclinical studies. Moreover, 99mTc-ECDG has advanced into its early clinical trials and brings a new era of tumor imaging beyond 18F-FDG. In this review, preclinical and early clinical development of glucose-based radiopharmaceuticals for tumor metabolic imaging will be summarized.

Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Gimelli ◽  
Riccardo Liga
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) photons as a medical imaging technique detects the radiation emitted by radioisotopes injected into the body to provide in vivo measurements of regional tissue function. From its introduction in the cardiologic clinical field, nuclear imaging has classically represented the reference technique for the non-invasive evaluation of myocardial perfusion, becoming the most frequently performed imaging modality for the functional assessment of patients with ischaemic heart disease.

scholarly journals Theranostics: New Era in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Deep Kaur ◽  
Koushlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anil Sahu ◽  
Rajnikant Panik ◽  
Pankaj Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Current Scenario

Malignancy and many inflammatory diseases have become a major concern for mankind over the years. The conventional therapy of these diseases lacks the effectiveness of the better diagnosis and targeted treatment of these diseases, but nuclear medicine can be regarded as a savior in the current scenario. Over the years, radioactivity of radioisotopes has been employed for treatment of many diseases. Nuclear medicines came up with radiopharmaceuticals that impart the ability to destroy specific diseased cells with high-energy-emitting radionuclides. Moreover, the emergence of theranostics, which is a combination of single drug used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose, has added a new feather in the field of nuclear medicines for providing a specific and personalized treatment to the patient. The current chapter discusses about techniques used for imaging of these radionuclides for better therapy and diagnosis of the root cause of the concerned disease by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with them. It also describes about applications of theranostics and nuclear imaging in cancer treatment and their future perspective.

A Review on Nuclear Imaging as a Promising Modality for Efficient Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Rafique ◽  
Rashid Rasheed ◽  
Saba Shamim ◽  
Munazza Ijaz ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Health Organization

: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and is declared a global health issue by the World Health Organization in 1993. Due to the complex pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it remains a global threat. This article reviews the conventional diagnostic modalities for tuberculosis, their limitations to detect latent TB, multiple drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus co-infected TB lesions, and TB in children. Moreover, this review illustrates the importance of nuclear medicine imaging for early, non-invasive diagnosis of TB to detect disease stages and monitor therapy response. Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography with their specific radionuclides have been extensively used for a thorough assessment of TB.

Nuclear imaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Möhlenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Perfusion Defects ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

Myocardial perfusion imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by means of scintigraphy is an established non-invasive method for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) and improving risk stratification in symptomatic individuals. Data on its diagnostic and prognostic role and value in athletes are sparse. Possibly in part due to exercise-induced improved myocardial microvascular morphology and function, a mismatch between advanced coronary atherosclerosis burden and comparatively small myocardial perfusion defects has been reported in athletes. Because of radiation exposure and the costs of the test a careful risk–benefit assessment is necessary, particularly in asymptomatic athletes with risk factors and young athletes.

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