scholarly journals Optimising the (Microwave) Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Brewers Spent Grains for Bioethanol Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
Katherine A. Smart ◽  
David J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Thermochemical Pretreatment ◽  
Microwave Hydrothermal ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content

For the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, it is important to optimise the thermochemical pretreatment which is required to facilitate subsequent liberation of monomeric sugars. Here, we report optimisation of pretreatment conditions for brewers spent grains (BSG) with the main objectives of (1) working at commercially relevant high solids content, (2) minimising energy and chemical inputs, and (3) maximising downstream sugar yields. Studies indicated there to be a play-off between pretreatment solids content, the usage of an acid catalyst, and pretreatment temperature. For example, yields of 80–90% theoretical glucose could be obtained following pretreatment at 35% w/v solids and 200°C, or at 140–160°C with addition of 1% HCl. However, at very high solids loadings (40–50% w/v) temperatures of 180–200°C were necessary to attain comparable sugar yields, even with an acid catalyst. The feasibility of producing bioethanol from feedstocks generated using these protocols was demonstrated (but not optimised) at laboratory scale.

Deep Shaft High Rate Aerobic Digestion: Laboratory and Pilot Plant Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tran ◽  
D. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content

Abstract The Deep Shaft process, originating from ICI Ltd. in the U.K., has been further developed by C-I-L Inc., Eco-Technology Division into an extremely energy efficient, high rate biological treatment process for industrial and municipal wastewaters. The Deep Shaft is essentially an air-lift reactor, sunk deep in the ground (100 - 160 m): the resulting high hydrostatic pressure together with very efficient mixing in the shaft provide extremely high oxygen transfer efficiencies (O.T.E.) of up to 90% vs 4 to 20% in other aerators. This high O.T.E. suggests real potential for Deep Shaft technology in the aerobic digestion of sludges and animal wastes: with conventional aerobic digesters an O.T.E. over 8% is extremely difficult to achieve. This paper describes laboratory and pilot plant Deep Shaft aerobic digester (DSAD) studies carried out at Eco-Research's Pointe Claire, Quebec laboratories, and at the Paris, Ontario pilot Deep Shaft digester. An economic pre-evaluation indicated that DSAD had the greatest potential for treating high solids content primary or secondary sludge (3-7% total solids) in the high mesophilic and thermophilic temperature range (25-60°C) i.e. in cases where conventional digesters would experience severe limitations of oxygen transfer. Laboratory and pilot plant studies have accordingly concentrated on high solids content sludge digestion as a function of temperature. Laboratory scale daily draw and fill DSAD runs with a 5% solids sludge at 33°C with a 3 day retention time have achieved 34% volatile solids reduction and a stabilized sludge exhibiting a specific oxygen uptake rate (S.O.U.R.) of less than 1 mgO2/gVSS/hour, measured at 20°C. This digestion rate is about four times faster than the best conventional digesters. Using Eco-Research's Paris, Ontario pilot scale DSAD (a 160 m deep 8 cm diameter u-tube), a 40% reduction in total volatile solids, (or 73% reduction of biodegradable VS) and a final SOUR of 1.2 mg02/gVSS/hour have been achieved for a 4.6% solids sludge in 4 days at 33°C, with loading rates of up to 7.9 kg VSS/m3-day. Laboratory runs at thermophilic temperatures (up to 60°C) have demonstrated that a stabilized sludge (24-41% VSS reduction) can be produced in retention time of 2 days or less, with a resulting loading rate exceeding 10 kg VSS/m3-day.

Polymerization of high-solids-content acrylic latexes using a nonionic polymerizable surfactant

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aramendia ◽  
M. J. Barandiaran ◽  
J. Grade ◽  
T. Blease ◽  
J. M. Asua
Keyword(s):  
High Solids ◽  
Polymerizable Surfactant ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Acrylic Latexes ◽  
High Solids Content

Ethanol Production from Food Waste at High Solids Content with Vacuum Recovery Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2760-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Huang ◽  
Nasib Qureshi ◽  
Ming-Hsu Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Vijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content

A readily filterable magnesium hydroxide with a high solids content

Refractories ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
B. A. Shoikhet ◽  
A. Ya. Lyakhova ◽  
L. Ya. Ulyanova ◽  
R. V. Yakovleva ◽  
G. A. Krasovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content
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