scholarly journals A New Strategy Using Rikkunshito to Treat Anorexia and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayoi Saegusa ◽  
Tomohisa Hattori ◽  
Miwa Nahata ◽  
Chihiro Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Because the clinical condition of gastrointestinal dysfunction, including functional dyspepsia, involves tangled combinations of pathologies, there are some cases of insufficient curative efficacy. Thus, traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines) uniquely developed in Japan are thought to contribute to medical treatment for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Rikkunshito is a Kampo medicine often used to treat dyspeptic symptoms. Over the past few years, several studies have investigated the efficacy of rikkunshito for dysmotility, for example, upper abdominal complaints, in animals and humans. Rikkunshito ameliorated the decrease in gastric motility and anorexia in cisplatin-treated rats, stress-loaded mice, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-treated rats by enhancing plasma ghrelin levels via serotonin2B/2Creceptor antagonism. In addition, rikkunshito ameliorated the decrease in food intake in aged mice and stress-loaded decreased gastric motility via enhanced ghrelin receptor signaling. Several clinical studies revealed that rikkunshito was effective in ameliorating upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including dyspepsia, epigastric pain, and postprandial fullness. In this review, we discuss these studies and propose additional evidence-based research that may promote the clinical use of Kampo medicines, particularly rikkunshito, for treating anorexia and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

scholarly journals Role of Gastric Emptying in Symptoms of Gastroparesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Jehangir ◽  
Henry P. Parkman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Distal Stomach ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The symptoms of gastroparesis, such as nausea, vomiting, postprandial fullness, early satiety and abdominal pain, frequently impair the quality of life of the affected individuals. The diagnosis of gastroparesis is made after structural etiologies are ruled out and an assessment of gastric function shows delayed gastric emptying. The role of the delay in gastric emptying in the pathogenesis of symptoms of gastroparesis has been debated, with some studies suggesting an association between delayed gastric emptying and the upper gastrointestinal symptoms, while others do not. The recent literature supports the importance of using reliable methods to assess gastric emptying, as delay in gastric emptying measured on a reliable test (4-h scintigraphy or breath test) is associated with the severity of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition to measuring total gastric emptying, evaluation of regional gastric retention in the proximal and distal stomach and whole gut transit to assess small intestinal and colonic transit may provide additional useful information in patients with more generalized symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility.

Randomized Trial of Omeprazole or Ranitidine Versus Placebo in the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Gastroduodenal Injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sartori ◽  
Lucio Trevisani ◽  
Ingrid Nielsen ◽  
Davide Tassinari ◽  
Ilaria Panzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Placebo Tablet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Normal Stomach

PURPOSE: Anticancer drugs may induce acute mucosal injury to stomach and duodenum. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole or ranitidine in preventing such an injury.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty-eight cancer patients with normal stomach and duodenum or with less than three erosions, who were selected to be treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (90 breast carcinoma patients) or fluorouracil alone (138 colon carcinoma patients), were randomly assigned to treatment with omeprazole 20 mg, ranitidine 300 mg, or one placebo tablet a day. Seven days after the second course of chemotherapy (CT), the patients underwent a further esophagogastroduodenoscopy to evaluate the mucosal injury. Endoscopic findings were quantified on the basis of an arbitrary score, and the occurrence of epigastric pain or heartburn was assessed weekly.RESULTS: A significant difference was found among the three groups (P = .0032), as well as between pre- and postCT endoscopic findings (P = .00001). Endoscopic scores after CT were significantly higher than pretreatment scores in the placebo (P = .003) and ranitidine (P = .003) groups but not in the omeprazole group (P = .354). Acute ulcers were significantly less frequent in patients receiving omeprazole or ranitidine than in those receiving placebo (P = .0001 and P = .0315, respectively). Epigastric pain and/or heartburn were significantly less frequent in patients receiving omeprazole (P = .00124) or ranitidine (P = .038) than in those receiving placebo.CONCLUSION: Omeprazole is effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced gastroduodenal injury. Ranitidine is effective in reducing the frequency of ulcers and upper gastrointestinal symptoms but is not effective in preventing the global endoscopic worsening caused by chemotherapy. The different efficacy of omeprazole and ranitidine can be explained by their different pharmacodynamics.

Gastric Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Chronic Renal Failure

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyösti Ala-Kaila ◽  
Pekka Vaajalahti ◽  
Anna-Liisa Karvonen ◽  
Maarit Kokki
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal
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