scholarly journals Brain Injury Differences in Frontal Impact Crash Using Different Simulation Strategies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dao Li ◽  
Chunsheng Ma ◽  
Ming Shen ◽  
Peiyu Li ◽  
Jinhuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Cumulative Strain ◽  
The Brain

In the real world crashes, brain injury is one of the leading causes of deaths. Using isolated human head finite element (FE) model to study the brain injury patterns and metrics has been a simplified methodology widely adopted, since it costs significantly lower computation resources than a whole human body model does. However, the degree of precision of this simplification remains questionable. This study compared these two kinds of methods: (1) using a whole human body model carried on the sled model and (2) using an isolated head model with prescribed head motions, to study the brain injury. The distribution of the von Mises stress (VMS), maximum principal strain (MPS), and cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM) was used to compare the two methods. The results showed that the VMS of brain mainly concentrated at the lower cerebrum and occipitotemporal region close to the cerebellum. The isolated head modelling strategy predicted higher levels of MPS and CSDM 5%, while the difference is small in CSDM 10% comparison. It suggests that isolated head model may not equivalently reflect the strain levels below the 10% compared to the whole human body model.

Modeling and Reconstruction of Multi-Fidelity Traumatic Head Injury due to Blunt Impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Gary Tan ◽  
Amit Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Head Model ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Blunt Impact ◽  
Real Scenario ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries to service members in recent conflicts. Computational models can offer insights in understanding the underlying mechanism of brain injury, which lead to the crucial development of effective personal protective equipment designed to prevent or mitigate the TBI. Historically many computational models were developed for the brain injury study. However, these models use relatively coarse mesh with a less detailed head anatomy. Many models consider the head only and thus cannot properly model the real scenario, i.e., accidental fall, blunt impact or blast loading. A whole-body finite element model can represent the real scenario but is very expensive to use. By combining the high-fidelity human head model with an articulated human body model, we developed the computational multi-fidelity human models to investigate the blunt- and blast-related TBI efficiently. A high-fidelity computational head model was generated from the high resolution image data to accurately reproduce the complex musculoskeletal and tissue structure of the head. The fast-running articulated human body model is based on the multi-body dynamics and was used to reconstruct the accidental falls. By utilizing the kinematics and force and moment at the joint of the articulated human body model, we can realistically simulate the blunt impact and assess the brain injury using the high-fidelity head model.

scholarly journals Development of a Finite Element Head Model for the Study of Impact Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Kwong-Ming Tse ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Long-Bin Tan ◽  
Qing-Qian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
The Brain

This study is aimed at developing a high quality, validated finite element (FE) human head model for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) prediction and prevention during vehicle collisions. The geometry of the FE model was based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a volunteer close to the anthropometry of a 50th percentile male. The material and structural properties were selected based on a synthesis of current knowledge of the constitutive models for each tissue. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was simulated explicitly as a hydrostatic fluid by using a surface-based fluid modeling method. The model was validated in the loading condition observed in frontal impact vehicle collision. These validations include the intracranial pressure (ICP), brain motion, impact force and intracranial acceleration response, maximum von Mises stress in the brain, and maximum principal stress in the skull. Overall results obtained in the validation indicated improved biofidelity relative to previous FE models, and the change in the maximum von Mises in the brain is mainly caused by the improvement of the CSF simulation. The model may be used for improving the current injury criteria of the brain and anthropometric test devices.

Intracranial pressure–based validation and analysis of traumatic brain injury using a new three-dimensional finite element human head model

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanu Khanuja ◽  
Harikrishnan Narayanan Unni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Von Mises

Traumatic brain injuries are life-threatening injuries that can lead to long-term incapacitation and death. Over the years, numerous finite element human head models have been developed to understand the injury mechanisms of traumatic brain injuries. Many of these models are erroneous and used ellipsoidal or spherical geometries to represent brain. This work is focused on the development of high-quality, comprehensive three-dimensional finite element human head model with accurate representation of cerebral sulci and gyri structures in order to study traumatic brain injury mechanisms. Present geometry, predicated on magnetic resonance imaging data consist of three rudimentary components, that is, skull, cerebrospinal fluid with the ventricular system, and the soft tissues comprising the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The brain is modeled as a hyperviscoelastic material. Meshed model with 10 nodes modified tetrahedral type element (C3D10M) is validated against two cadaver-based impact experiments by comparing the intracranial pressures at different locations of the head. Our results indicate a better agreement with cadaver results, specifically for the case of frontal and parietal intracranial pressure values. Existing literature focuses mostly on intracranial pressure validation, while the effects of von Mises stress on brain injury are not analyzed in detail. In this work, a detailed interpretation of neurological damage resulting from impact injury is performed by analyzing von Mises stress and intracranial pressure distribution across numerous segments of the brain. A reasonably good correlation with experimental data signifies the robustness of the model for predicting injury mechanisms based on clinical predictions of injury tolerance criteria.

Further Validation of the Head in the Ford Human Body FE Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed E. El-Jawahri ◽  
Tony R. Laituri ◽  
Jesse Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Pendulum Impact

The head in the Ford human body model (FHBM) was previously validated against impact test data involving post mortem human subjects (PMHS). The objective of the current study was to further validate the head model against more PMHS tests. The data included the following published tests: rigid bar impact to the forehead, zygoma, and maxilla (2.5–4.2 m/s), lateral pendulum impact (5.7 m/s), and front pendulum impact to the frontal bone, nasal bone, and maxilla (2.2 m/s). The responses from the model were compared to available published cadaveric response corridors and to various cadaveric responses. When compared to the cadaveric response corridors, the responses from the model were within those corridors. In addition, the model responses demonstrated acceptable fidelity with respect to the test data. The head injury criterion (HIC15), strain, and stress values from the model were also reported.

Simulation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury using Finite Element Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krishnaveni ◽  
D. Dominic Xavier ◽  
R. Sarathkumar ◽  
G. Kavitha ◽  
M. Senbagan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
The Brain

Because of increase in threat from militant groups and during war exposure to blast wave from improvised explosive devices, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), a signature injury is on rise worldwide. During blast, the biological system is exposed to a sudden blast over pressure which is several times higher than the ambient pressure causing the damage in the brain. The severity of TBI due to air blast may vary from brief change in mental status or consciousness (termed as mild) to extended period of unconsciousness or memory loss after injuries (termed as severe). The blast wave induced impact on head propagates as shock wave with the broad spectrum of frequencies and stress concentrations in the brain. The primary blast TBI is directly induced by pressure differentials across the skull/fluid/soft tissue interfaces and is further reinforced by the reflected stress waves within the cranial cavity, leading to stress concentrations in certain regions of the brain. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the behaviour of a human brain model subjected to blast wave based on finite element model using LSDYNA code. The parts of a typical human head such as skull, scalp, CSF, brain are modelled using finite element with properties assumed based on available literature. The model is subjected to blast from frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe of the brain. The interaction of the blast wave with the head and subsequent transformation of various forms of shock energy internally have been demonstrated in the human head model. The brain internal pressure levels and the shear stress distribution in the various lobes of the brain such as frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital are determined and presented.

Biomechanical Assessment of the Bridging Vein Rupture of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Using the Finite Element Human Head Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenzhi Wang ◽  
Jae Bum Pahk ◽  
Carey D. Balaban ◽  
Joseph Muthu ◽  
David A. Vorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Bridging Vein ◽  
Human Head Model

The incidence of the blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) among American troops in battle environments is dramatically high in recent years. Shock wave, a production of detonation, is a brief and acute overpressure wave that travels supersonically with a magnitude which can be several times higher than atmospheric pressure. Primary bTBI means that human exposure to shock wave itself without any other impact of solid objects can still result in the impairment of cerebral tissues. The mechanism of this type of brain injury is different from that of the conventional TBI, and has not been fully understood. So far, it is believed that the shock wave transmitted through skull and into cerebral tissues may induce specific injury patterns. This study is trying to develop a methodology to numerically investigate the mechanism of the blast-induced subdural hematoma (bSDH), which is caused by bridging vein rupture. The effort of this study can be divided to three major parts: first, a finite element (FE) model of human head is developed from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a real human head to contain skull, CSF and brain. Numerically simulated shock waves transmits through the human head model whose mechanical responses are recorded; second, in order to obtain the mechanical properties of human bridging vein, an standard inflation test of blood vessels is conducted on a real human bridging vein sample gained from autopsy. Material parameters are found by fitting the experimental data to an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model for blood vessel (Gerhard A. Holzapfel 2000); third, The bridging vein rupture in bTBI is evaluated by the finite element analysis of a separate human bridging vein model under the external loadings in terms of the internal pressure and relative skull-brain motion which are extracted from the mechanical response of the subarachnoid space of the head in the blast-head simulation of the first part.

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