scholarly journals Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Analysis and Design of Error Precision Based on Lossy Networked Control Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Ting ◽  
Guo Di ◽  
Cai Chun-yang ◽  
Tang Xiao-ming ◽  
Wang Heng
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Packet Arrival

Motivated by the importance of the clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to the packet loss, the synchronization error variance is a random variable and may exceed the designed boundary of the synchronization variance. Based on the clock synchronization state space model, this paper establishes the model of synchronization error variance analysis and design issues. In the analysis issue, assuming sensor nodes exchange clock information in the network with packet loss, we find a minimum clock information packet arrival rate in order to guarantee the synchronization precision at synchronization node. In the design issue, assuming sensor node freely schedules whether to send the clock information, we look for an optimal clock information exchange rate between synchronization node and reference node which offers the optimal tradeoff between energy consumption and synchronization precision at synchronization node. Finally, simulations further verify the validity of clock synchronization analysis and design from the perspective of synchronization error variance.

scholarly journals Congestion Control and Prediction Schemes Using Fuzzy Logic System with Adaptive Membership Function in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phet Aimtongkham ◽  
Tri Gia Nguyen ◽  
Chakchai So-In
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Systems ◽  
Hop Count

Network congestion is a key challenge in resource-constrained networks, particularly those with limited bandwidth to accommodate high-volume data transmission, which causes unfavorable quality of service, including effects such as packet loss and low throughput. This challenge is crucial in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with restrictions and constraints, including limited computing power, memory, and transmission due to self-contained batteries, which limit sensor node lifetime. Determining a path to avoid congested routes can prolong the network. Thus, we present a path determination architecture for WSNs that takes congestion into account. The architecture is divided into 3 stages, excluding the final criteria for path determination: (1) initial path construction in a top-down hierarchical structure, (2) path derivation with energy-aware assisted routing, and (3) congestion prediction using exponential smoothing. With several factors, such as hop count, remaining energy, buffer occupancy, and forwarding rate, we apply fuzzy logic systems to determine proper weights among those factors in addition to optimizing the weight over the membership functions using a bat algorithm. The simulation results indicate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of high throughput, low packet loss, balancing the overall energy consumption, and prolonging the network lifetime compared to state-of-the-art protocols.

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