scholarly journals The Effect of C-X-C Motif Chemokine 13 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associates with Wnt Signaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Dong Kang ◽  
Xiguang Sun ◽  
Yufei Liu ◽  
Jinhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cxcl13 Level ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Objects. To investigate the effect of CXCL13 (C-X-C motif chemokine 13) on hepatocellular carcinoma and clarify the potential mechanisms. Methods. 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 12 healthy controls were recruited for analyzing the expression of CXCL13 by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). ELISA (enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay) was used to test the concentration of serum CXCL13. The interaction between CXCL13 and Wnt signaling was analyzed by western blot. In vitro PBMCs cultured with HepG2 supernatant, the levels of IL-12, IL4, IL-6, and IL-17, and four IgG subclasses were detected by ELISA. Results. The rate of high expression CXCL13 was 63.4% in advanced HCC patients, and the serum CXCL13 was also at a high level in stage IV HCC patients. Meanwhile CXCL13 level was positively correlated with serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase) and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase). CXCL13 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling shared a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, CXCL13 could obviously promote the expressions of IL-12 and IL-17, and induce IgG4 secreted by B cells. Conclusions. The effect of CXCL13 on promoting liver cancer is related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the facilitation of IL-12, IL-17 and IgG4. CXCL13 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, and it may act as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals Cytokine-Facilitated Transduction Leads to Low-Level Engraftment in Nonablated Hosts

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L.W. Kittler ◽  
Stefan O. Peters ◽  
Rowena B. Crittenden ◽  
Michelle E. Debatis ◽  
Hayley S. Ramshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Marrow Cells

Using a murine bone marrow transplantation model, we evaluated the long-term engraftment of retrovirally transduced bone marrow cells in nonmyeloablated hosts. Male bone marrow was stimulated in a cocktail of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor (SCF ) for 48 hours, then cocultured on the retroviral producer line MDR18.1 for an additional 24 hours. Functional transduction of hematopoietic progenitors was detected in vitro by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA from high proliferative potential-colony forming cell (HPP-CFC) colonies. After retroviral transduction, male bone marrow cells were injected into nonablated female mice. Transplant recipients received three TAXOL (Bristol-Myers, Princeton, NJ) injections (10 mg/kg) over a 14-month period. Transplant recipient tissues were analyzed by Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization for Y-chromosome–specific sequences and showed donor cell engraftment of approximately 9%. However, polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNAs from bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood showed no evidence of the transduced MDR1 gene. RT-PCR analysis of total bone marrow RNA showed that transcripts from the MDR1 gene were present in a fraction of the engrafted donor cells. These data show functional transfer of the MDR1 gene into nonmyeloablated murine hosts. However, the high rates of in vitro transduction into HPP-CFC, coupled with the low in vivo engraftment rate of donor cells containing the MDR1 gene, suggest that the majority of stem cells that incorporated the retroviral construct did not stably engraft in the host. Based on additional studies that indicate that ex vivo culture of bone marrow induces an engraftment defect concomitantly with progression of cells through S phase, we propose that the cell cycle transit required for proviral integration reduces or impairs the ability of transduced cells to stably engraft.

scholarly journals Cytokine-Facilitated Transduction Leads to Low-Level Engraftment in Nonablated Hosts

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L.W. Kittler ◽  
Stefan O. Peters ◽  
Rowena B. Crittenden ◽  
Michelle E. Debatis ◽  
Hayley S. Ramshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Using a murine bone marrow transplantation model, we evaluated the long-term engraftment of retrovirally transduced bone marrow cells in nonmyeloablated hosts. Male bone marrow was stimulated in a cocktail of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor (SCF ) for 48 hours, then cocultured on the retroviral producer line MDR18.1 for an additional 24 hours. Functional transduction of hematopoietic progenitors was detected in vitro by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA from high proliferative potential-colony forming cell (HPP-CFC) colonies. After retroviral transduction, male bone marrow cells were injected into nonablated female mice. Transplant recipients received three TAXOL (Bristol-Myers, Princeton, NJ) injections (10 mg/kg) over a 14-month period. Transplant recipient tissues were analyzed by Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization for Y-chromosome–specific sequences and showed donor cell engraftment of approximately 9%. However, polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNAs from bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood showed no evidence of the transduced MDR1 gene. RT-PCR analysis of total bone marrow RNA showed that transcripts from the MDR1 gene were present in a fraction of the engrafted donor cells. These data show functional transfer of the MDR1 gene into nonmyeloablated murine hosts. However, the high rates of in vitro transduction into HPP-CFC, coupled with the low in vivo engraftment rate of donor cells containing the MDR1 gene, suggest that the majority of stem cells that incorporated the retroviral construct did not stably engraft in the host. Based on additional studies that indicate that ex vivo culture of bone marrow induces an engraftment defect concomitantly with progression of cells through S phase, we propose that the cell cycle transit required for proviral integration reduces or impairs the ability of transduced cells to stably engraft.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of erythropoietin gene expression in the sheep fetus: effect of dexamethasone at 60 days of gestation

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-466
Author(s):  
GB Lim ◽  
K Jeyaseelan ◽  
EM Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Site ◽  
Sheep Fetus

We have used competitive reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) to compare the levels of erythropoietin (Epo) mRNA in the liver and kidneys of the sheep fetus at 60, 80, 100, 130, and 140 days of gestation (term = 145 to 150 days). The effect of dexamethasone infusion in the ewe on Epo gene expression in the 60-day fetus was also investigated. Epo mRNA levels were highest at 60 days of gestation, the earliest age studied, in both liver and kidney. In the liver, Epo mRNA expression declined as gestation proceeded. Kidney Epo mRNA was maintained at a high level until 100 days of gestation, declining significantly in the 130-day fetus (P < .01). Treatment of ewes carrying 60-day fetuses with 0.76 mg/h dexamethasone for 48 hours resulted in a significant decrease in fetal plasma Epo values and Epo mRNA levels in both the liver and kidney. In the dexamethasone-treated fetuses, Epo mRNA in the liver was 52% of control values (P < .05), and in the kidney, 33% of control (P < .001). The results suggest that the kidney may play a more important role as a site of Epo synthesis in the early gestation sheep fetus than previously thought. Glucocorticoids may have a role in the regulation of Epo gene expression.

scholarly journals The PI3KCA and AKT Inhibitory Activities of Litsea Cubeba Lour. Fruits and Heartwoods Towards Hela Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1422-1424
Author(s):  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽  
Denny Satria
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

AIM: To investigated the activities of chloroform fractions at pH 7 of Litsea cubeba Lour. Fruits and heartwoods (CF-7F and CF-7H) in decrease expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes towards cervical cancer cell culture (HeLa) experiments in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CF-7F and CF-7H (12.5 and 25 µg/mL) were tested for its potential inhibition on gene expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULT: CF-7F and CF-7H were showed the activity to reduce the expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CF-7F and CF-7H significantly inhibit the expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes.

Detection of blaVIM and blaIMP Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Background and Aims: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains has been recently reported worldwide. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates is essential. So, this study aimed to detect blaVIM and blaIMP carbapenemase-producing strains using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, P. aeruginosa  strains were collected from clinical samples (blood, urine, wound, and other liquids body) in Firoozgar and Shahid Motahari Hospitals in Tehran and Velayat Hospital in Rasht Province, from May to December 2018. After identifying the isolates using the standard microbial tests, carbapenemase-producing strains were isolated by the modified hodge test. After that, the detection of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was performed by RT-PCR technique. Results: One hundred P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples. Among these, 74 (74%) isolates were considered as carbapenemase positive using MHT. The frequencies of blaVIM and blaIMP genes were obtained as 83% and 11%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and a high prevalence of blaVIM gene in P. aeruginosa strains.

Expression of IGF2 and IGF receptor mRNA in bovine nuclear transferred embryos

Zygote ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Wook Han ◽  
Sang-Jin Song ◽  
Sang Jun Uhum ◽  
Jeong-Tae Do ◽  
Nam-Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Igf Receptor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Insight Into

Incomplete reprogramming of the donor cell nucleus after nuclear transfer (NT) probably leads to the abnormal expression of developmentally important genes. This may be responsible for the low efficiency of cloned animal production. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) are imprinted genes that play important roles in preimplantation development. To obtain an insight into abnormal gene expression after nuclear transfer, we assessed the transcription patterns of IGF2-IGF2R in single in vitro fertilised and cloned embryos by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IGF2R expression did not differ significantly but IGF2 was more highly expressed in cloned embryos than in IVF embryos (p < 0.05). This was confirmed by a quantitative RT-PCR method. Thus, incomplete reprogramming may induce abnormal transcription of IGF2 in cloned embryos.

A TaqMan® Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) In Vitro Potency Assay for Plasmid-based Vaccine Products

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Mahajan ◽  
Beth Feher ◽  
Basil Jones ◽  
Doug Jones ◽  
Lana Marjerison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potency Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Διερεύνηση του ρόλου των αδρενεργικών και ντοπαμινεργικών συστημάτων στη ρύθμιση των κυτοχρωμάτων CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11 και CYP2D1/2

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος-Παναγιώτης Δασκαλόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Τα ηπατικά κυτοχρώματα CYPs (P450s) είναι μια μεγάλη υπερ-οικογένεια πρωτεϊνών, οι οποίες εντοπίζονται σε όλους τους ζωντανούς οργανισμούς. Η σημασία τους είναι τεράστια, αφού μεταβολίζουν μια τεράστια ποικιλία ενδογενών ουσιών αλλά και ξενοβιοτικών. Οι πιο σημαντικές υποοικογένειες κυτοχρωμάτων CYP είναι η CYP3A, η CYP2C και η CYP2D, εξαιτίας του ρόλου τους στο μεταβολισμό της πλειονότητας των πιο συχνά συνταγογραφούμενων φαρμάκων. Η γνώση όσον αφορά τους παράγοντες, που μπορούν να προκαλέσουν επαγωγή ή αναστολή των κυτοχρωμάτων CYP είναι εξαιρετικής σημασίας, αφού κάθε μεταβολή στην έκφραση και την δραστικότητά τους μπορεί να έχει σοβαρότατες συνέπειες στην αποτελεσματικότητα της φαρμακευτικής αγωγής αλλά και στην φαρμακοτοξικότητα. Η αναστολή των ηπατικών CYPs μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αυξημένα επίπεδα ενός φαρμάκου-υποστρώματος στο πλάσμα και στην ανάπτυξη τοξικών εκδηλώσεων. Αντίθετα, η επαγωγή των CYPs μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε μειωμένη αποτελεσματικότητα ή ακόμη και πλήρη αποτυχία της φαρμακοθεραπείας. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση στον επίμυ της επίδρασης του στρες στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των πιο σημαντικών για τον μεταβολισμό φαρμάκων κυτοχρωμάτων, των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Επίσης, διερευνήθηκε ο ρόλος των αδρενεργικών υποδοχέων, των γλυκοκορτικοειδών καθώς και των μονοπατιών μεταγωγής σήματος (cAMP/PKA, JNK, GH/STAT5b) στη ρύθμιση των ανωτέρω κυτοχρωμάτων. Μελετήθηκε επίσης, ο ρόλος των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYP γονιδίων καθώς και η συμμετοχή του μονοπατιού μεταγωγής σήματος PI3K/Akt/FoxO1, αλλά και του μεταγραφικού παράγοντα STAT5b. Για την ερευνητική προσέγγιση αυτών των θεμάτων, έγιναν τόσο in vivo πειράματα με ενήλικες αρσενικούς επίμυες, όσο και in vitro πειράματα με καλλιέργειες πρωτογενών ηπατοκυττάρων, που απομονώθηκαν από το ήπαρ επιμύων. Οι μέθοδοι, οι οποίες χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συμπεριλαμβάνουν την Υγρή Χρωματογραφία Υψηλής Απόδοσης (HPLC) για την μέτρηση την ενζυμικής δραστικότητας των υπό μελέτην CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D, την ανοσοαποτύπωση κατά Western για την εκτίμηση των μεταβολών σε επίπεδο αποπρωτεΐνης, καθώς και την μέθοδο real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, q-PCR) για την ποσοτική εκτίμηση των επιπέδων mRNA των ανωτέρω CYP γονιδίων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης κατέδειξαν ότι το ψυχολογικό στρες είναι ένας παράγοντας τεράστιας σημασίας για τη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYPs. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το στρες της μητρικής αποστέρησης, στο οποίο εκτέθηκαν οι επίμυες σε πολύ μικρή ηλικία προκάλεσε την αύξηση της έκφρασης των CYP3A1/2 και CYP2C11, ενώ το CYP2D δεν επηρεάστηκε σημαντικά. Αντιθέτως, το στρες περιορισμού προκάλεσε σημαντικές μεταβολές στην έκφραση του CYP3A2, του CYP2D και μικρότερες μεταβολές στο CYP2A. Επιπροσθέτως, επιβεβαιώθηκε η επαγωγική δράση των γλυκοκορτικοειδών στο CYP3A και η κατασταλτική τους δράση στο CYP2C. Σημαντικά ευρήματα μετά από in vivo και in vitro πειράματα, τα οποία επικεντρώθηκαν στη μελέτη των αδρενεργικών μονοπατιών φανέρωσαν ότι τα μονοπάτια cAMP/PKA, JNK και του άξονα GH/STAT5b διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στον έλεγχο της ρύθμισης της έκφρασης των CYPs. Η συμμετοχή των πυρηνικών υποδοχέων PXR, RXR και HNF4α φαίνεται να είναι σημαντική στις μεταβολές που παρατηρήθηκαν στην έκφραση αυτών των CYPs. Eπιπλέον, η αναστολή των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων in vivo, οδήγησε σε μεγάλη καταστολή των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Αντιθέτως, αναστολή των ηπατικών D2-υποδοχέων in vitro, οδήγησε σε επαγωγή αυτών των CYPs. Αυτό το εύρημα οδήγησε στην υπόθεση ότι η ινσουλίνη πιθανόν διαδραματίζει στρατηγικής σημασίας ρόλο στον έλεγχο της ρύθμισης της έκφρασης των CYPs, αφού αποδείχθηκε ότι η αναστολή in vivο των D2-υποδοχέων ενεργοποιεί το ινσουλινοεξαρτώμενο μονοπάτι PI3K/Akt, ενώ περαιτέρω έρευνες έδειξαν τον FoxO1 ως τελικό μεταγραφικό παράγοντα ρύθμισης. Παράλληλα, ο άξονας GH/STAT5b φαίνεται να παίζει επίσης πολύ σημαντικό ρυθμιστικό ρόλο και στην περίπτωση των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών μονοπατιών. Συμπερασματικά, η μελέτη αυτή έδειξε ότι το στρες, τα γλυκοκορτικοειδή και αγωνιστές αδρενεργικών υποδοχέων αποτελούν παράγοντες, που πρέπει πάντα να λαμβάνονται υπόψιν πριν τη συνταγογράφηση σε ασθενείς. Επιπλέον, η μελέτη αυτή κατέδειξε για πρώτη φορά την επίδραση των παγκρεατικών D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων και του μονοπατιού PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης των CYP3A, CYP2C και CYP2D. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης, η συμμετοχή της GH, της PRL και των θυρεοειδικών ορμονών στις μεταβολές που προκάλεσαν οι φαρμακολογικοί χειρισμοί των D2-ντοπαμινεργικών υποδοχέων.

Metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis from highland women in Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Upcroft ◽  
Linda A. Dunn ◽  
Tilda Wal ◽  
Sepehr Tabrizi ◽  
Maria G. Delgadillo-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Background: The prevalence of the sexually transmissible protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has been reported to be as high as 46% and although not previously studied in Papua New Guinea, clinical resistance against metronidazole (Mz), the drug most commonly used to treat trichomoniasis, is well documented worldwide. This study was primarily aimed at assessing resistance to Mz in T. vaginalis strains from the Goroka region. Methods: Consenting patients presenting at the Goroka Base Hospital Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinic and local women were asked to provide two vaginal swabs: one for culturing of the parasite; and one for polymerase chain reaction detection of T. vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T. vaginalis isolates were assayed for Mz susceptibility and a selection was genotyped. Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was determined to be 32.9% by culture and polymerase chain reaction of swabs among 82 local women and patients from the STD clinic. An unexpectedly high level of in vitro Mz resistance was determined with 17.4% of isolates displaying unexpectedly high resistance to Mz. The ability to identify isolates of T. vaginalis by genotyping was confirmed and the results revealed a more homogeneous T. vaginalis population in Papua New Guinea compared with isolates from elsewhere. Conclusion: T. vaginalis is highly prevalent in the Goroka region and in vitro Mz resistance data suggest that clinical resistance may become an issue.

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