scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Kassim ◽  
Mohammed Jawad ◽  
Ray Croucher ◽  
Elie A. Akl
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Khat Use ◽  
Current Tobacco

Khat, an “amphetamine-like green leaf,” may influence the consumption of tobacco. This study reviews the epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users. Electronic database searches using appropriate keywords/terms were conducted to identify observational studies of khat use. Assessment of quality and risk of bias of all included studies was conducted, and the results were synthesised descriptively. Nine eligible cross-sectional studies were identified. All assessed self-reported tobacco among khat users and were carried out in Africa and the Middle East. Eight reported cigarettes and one reported waterpipes as the mode of use. Methods of tobacco use prevalence assessment varied. Prevalence of “current” tobacco use among students and university teachers ranged from 29 to 37%; “lifetime” tobacco use in university teachers was 58% and “undefined” tobacco use in nonspecific adults and students ranged from 17 to 78%. Daily tobacco use among adults was reported as 17% whilst simultaneous tobacco and khat use was reported as between 14 and 30% in students. In conclusion, tobacco prevalence among khat users appears significant. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to self-reported tobacco use, diversity in questions assessing tobacco use, and type of tobacco consumption. Future research should address the methodological shortcomings identified in this review before appropriate policy interventions can be developed.

Correlates of Tobacco Use and Consumption Among Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ◽  
Sarret Seng
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Lower Education

Using a cross-sectional analysis, we assessed correlates of tobacco use and tobacco consumption from inpatient records ( N = 2,060) from a state psychiatric hospital. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine correlates of tobacco use in the total sample and multivariate linear regression to examine correlates of tobacco consumption among tobacco users. Tobacco-use associated variables in the total sample were being male, being White, lower education, having a substance-use disorder/treatment, having an externalizing or psychotic disorder, being from a rural county, being younger, and shorter length of hospital stay. Among tobacco users ( n = 1,153), correlates of amount of tobacco consumption were being male; being White; lower education; having an internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic disorder; using cigarettes; and living in a county without a smoke-free policy. Psychiatric patients should be screened for specific associative variables as part of tobacco-use assessments. Future research may expand on the current findings to develop strategies to enhance tobacco treatment among psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals The Potential Associations of Pornography Use with Sexual Dysfunctions: An Integrative Literature Review of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Diana Dwulit ◽  
Piotr Rzymski
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delayed Ejaculation ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Existing Data

This paper reviews the associations between pornography use and sexual dysfunction based on evidence from observational studies. The existing data in this regard mostly derive from cross-sectional investigations and case reports. There is little if no evidence that pornography use may induce delayed ejaculation and erectile dysfunction, although longitudinal studies that control for confounding variables are required for a full assessment. The associations between pornography use and sexual desire may differ between women and men although the existing data is contradictory and causal relationships cannot be established. The strongest evidence is available for the relation of pornography use with decreased sexual satisfaction, although the results of prospective studies are inconsistent. The paper outlines future research prospects beneficial in understanding the nature of associations between pornography use and sexual dysfunctions in men and women.

scholarly journals Practice and Awareness Regarding Tobacco Consumption among Residents of the Hilly area of Eastern Region of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Ram Bilakshan Shah ◽  
Laxmi Subedi ◽  
Nilambar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco use is a global socio-economic hazard and medical malady. The incidence of tobacco is persisting and spreading in all walks of our modern society.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between pattern of tobacco use and awareness of tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality.Results: The awareness towards tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality was found to be 41 %. The awareness of tobacco consumption was significantly higher among the female (49 %) in gender and those whose education were School Leaving Certificate (SLC) and above (44.6 %) (P<0.05). The respondents consuming tobacco have forty times lesser chances of having aware as respondents not consuming tobacco (OR=0.025). The respondents consuming tobacco for more than 20 years (12.1 %) and more than 20 sticks per day (20 %) were more aware of tobacco consumption but the difference was not significant.Conclusions: The awareness towards tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality was found to be less. Male in gender, lack of education and poor occupation like famer, housewife was found to be less aware of tobacco consumption. 

scholarly journals Tobacco use and associated factors among Rwandan youth aged 15-34 years: Findings from a nationwide survey, 2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Habiyaremye ◽  
Samuel Rwunganira ◽  
Clarisse Musanabaganwa ◽  
Marie Aimée Muhimpundu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Tobacco

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and identify associated factors among Rwandans aged 15-34 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study analysed secondary data collected during the nationally representative Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Surveillance survey conducted in 2013 to explore the prevalence of tobacco use in Rwanda and identify factors associated with tobacco use. This study analysed data collected from 3,900 youth participants (15-34 years old), selected using multistage cluster sampling technique. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were determined and multivariable logistic regression employed to identify factors independently associated with current tobacco use.ResultsThe prevalence (weighted) of current tobacco use (all forms) was 8% (95%CI: 7.08-9.01). Prevalence statistically significant was found in the following group: higher prevalence was found among males, young adults aged 24-34, youth with primary school education or less, those from Southern province, people with income (work in public, private organizations and self-employed) and young married adults.There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of tobacco use between participants from urban or rural areas (7.8% vs. 8.0%). Factors that were found to be associated with current tobacco use through the multivariate analysis included being a male, aged 25 years and above, having an income, and residing in Eastern, Kigali City and Southern Province compared to Western province.ConclusionThe association between smoking and sociodemographic characteristics among Rwandan youth identified in this study provides an opportunity for policy makers to tailor future policies, and implement coordinated, high-impact interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use among the youth.

scholarly journals Behavioural perspective of tobacco use among youth of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central part of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Rahul Narayan Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Tobacco ◽  
Youth Perspective

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the youth perspective about the use of tobacco and its ill effects. The survey was conducted at a private Engineering college of Nagpur, Maharashtra India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with self-administered modified Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Eight hundred nine college students of age group between 17 year-24years were included in this study. The questionnaire comprised of information on socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaire was used to gather data on knowledge, attitude and practices of participants about tobacco use. Data analysis was performed by using chi-square test and Statistical significance was measured at a level of 0.05. Result: Out of 806 total participants, 136 (16.8) were current tobacco consumers, significantly high prevalence of tobacco use was observed among boys 106 (13.1) than girls 30 (3.7). Moreover, a higher number of boys 106 (13.1) started smoking at young adolescent age (13- 20 years) than girls30 (3.7). Conclusion: The findings in the study suggest that tobacco use is still an important risk behavior amongst students. Tobacco use was comparatively higher amongst boys though its use is not restricted to them only. There is a need to plan to gather nationwide baseline data on the use of tobacco by young adolescents and the factors associated with initiation of tobacco habit.KeywordsGlobal youth tobacco survey (GYTS); Tobacco prevalence; Tobacco use among youth.

scholarly journals Smoking Habits and Awareness About Antismoking Acts Among General Public in Gurgaon, Haryana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 138s-138s
Author(s):  
C.J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
General Public ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

Background: India is the world's third largest tobacco-growing country. The Indian scenario as far as tobacco consumption is concerned is far worse because of the prevalence of the tobacco chewing habit which covers a wide spectrum of socioeconomic and ethnic groups and is spread over urbanized area as well as remote village. Tobacco use is alarming in terms of its current and projected future impact on global mortality. Recent shift in global tobacco consumption to developing countries indicate that an estimated 930 million of the world's 1.1 billon in India alone. Despite the facts, that the harmful effects of tobacco chewing and smoking are widely known, many young people start smoking during adolescence, largely because they believe that smoking will boost their social acceptability and image. This study was contemplated with an aim to assess tobacco/smoking habits and awareness about antismoking act among general public in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Method: A structured questionnaire consisting of 14 questions related to tobacco/smoking habits and awareness about antismoking act were asked to general public and their response was recorded. Random sampling method was used and data were collected from a cross-sectional survey. Antitobacco counseling was given on the spot and followed. Results: The study population consisted of total 430 individuals, male 364 (84.65%) and females 66 (15.34%) . Then the questionnaires were asked and statistically analyzed. Around 286 (78.57%) from 364 male were indulged in some form of tobacco usage (smoker = 32.86%, tobacco chewer = 16.78%, both = 11.18%, alcohol + tobacco user = 21.67%). In the current study, most common cause of tobacco use was pleasure 40.5%, inducing factor were friends 53.1% followed by parents and siblings. 36.20% patients used tobacco as second hand exposure in job places. 54.8% were aware about the antismoking act in public places, so only 8.6% people from all males enrolled, were smoking in public places.

scholarly journals Current and never smokers: differentials in characteristics, knowledge and perceptions

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 923-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
S. A. Abou Khatwa ◽  
H. M. Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Current Tobacco

A cross-sectional interview survey of tobacco use was conducted in Alexandria, Egypt, comparing current smokers with never smokers. Among men, the risk of current tobacco use was significantly higher among married participants [OR = 1.74], especially those with low educational or occupational status. In contrast, although few women smoked, tobacco use was significantly higher among those holding a university degree [OR = 15.33]. Never smokers were significantly more knowledgeable than current smokers about tobacco-related health hazards. Never smokers had significantly better perceptions of the danger of tobacco use, susceptibility to health-related hazards and the benefits of being tobacco-free. Multivariate analysis revealed that tobacco use is independently predicted by participants’ sex, age and educational attainment as well as their perceptions

scholarly journals Determinants of Tobacco Use in a Selected Urban Area of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gias Uddin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Syed Md Akram Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting

Tobacco consumption is harmful to health, and is one of the main causes of death in worldwide. It is evident that the prevalence of tobacco consumption is raising in most of low and middle income countries. Considering this, a cross sectional study was conducted in a selected urban area of southern Bangladesh with a view to assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors affecting the use of tobacco use. Multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted to select the urban ward and the respondents were selected systematically. A total of 399 respondents were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis shows that 30% of the population of aged 18 years above were currently using tobacco of any form. The mean age of starting tobacco use was 18.8 years. The most frequent form of tobacco use was smoking cigarette followed by Zarda with betal quid. Multivariate analysis revealed that illiterate respondents were 3.3 times more tobacco users than their educated counterparts. It was also higher among the Muslims (OR=4.979; 95% CI=1.255-19.754). Tobacco use was also high among the labourer (OR=8.541; 95% CI=2.422-30.120) and businessmen (OR=7.727, 95% CI=2.501-23.875). However, no statistically significant association was found between current tobacco use and age, sex, housing condition and knowledge on tobacco use (p>0.05). The finding of this study suggests that as tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor and illiterate segment of the population, strong implementation of anti-tobacco legislation is warranted.   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 48-52

scholarly journals Tobacco Use among University Students of Jazan Region: Gender Differences and Associated Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽  
Rashad Mohammed Alsanosy ◽  
Abdelrahim Mutwakel Gaffar ◽  
Anwar Makeen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Objectives. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and behavioral patterns among undergraduate students at higher education institutions in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia during the 2011-2012 academic year and to investigate factors that contribute to tobacco use by gender.Methods. A cross-sectional study of 4100 undergraduate students was conducted. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the extent and pattern of tobacco consumption and factors associated with tobacco use.Results. Current smokers accounted for 16.8% (95% CI: 15.6–18.1) of the population sampled; 25.6% (95% CI: 23.8–27.5) of males were current smokers, whereas only 4.6% (95% CI: 3.6–5.8) of females were current smokers (P=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most important variables explaining tobacco use among study participants were the use of khat (OR=14.05;P=0.000), smoking status of friends (OR=2.25;P=0.000), and substance use by friends (OR=1.81;P=0.001).Conclusions. The results demonstrated that khat use was the main predictor for smoking in Jazan for both males and females. Interventions should be designed to reduce the use of tobacco among university students.

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