scholarly journals Clearance Rate and BP-ANN Model in Paraquat Poisoned Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufeng Hu ◽  
Guangliang Hong ◽  
Jianshe Ma ◽  
Xianqin Wang ◽  
Guanyang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Prediction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clearance Model ◽  
Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network

In order to investigate the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) on the clearance rate of paraquat (PQ) and develop a clearance model, 41 PQ-poisoned patients who acquired acute PQ intoxication received HP treatment. PQ concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to initial PQ concentration, study subjects were divided into two groups: Low-PQ group (0.05–1.0 μg/mL) and High-PQ group (1.0–10 μg/mL). After initial HP treatment, PQ concentrations decreased in both groups. However, in the High-PQ group, PQ levels remained in excess of 0.05 μg/mL and increased when the second HP treatment was initiated. Based on the PQ concentrations before and after HP treatment, the mean clearance rate of PQ calculated was 73 ± 15%. We also established a backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model, which set PQ concentrations before HP treatment as input data and after HP treatment as output data. When it is used to predict PQ concentration after HP treatment, high prediction accuracy (R=0.9977) can be obtained in this model. In conclusion, HP is an effective way to clear PQ from the blood, and the PQ concentration after HP treatment can be predicted by BP-ANN model.

scholarly journals Ivermectin and albendazole withdrawal period in goat milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Silva Santos ◽  
Jurandir Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
José Soares dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Daniele Mottin ◽  
Milton Rezende Teixeira Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antiparasitic Treatment

SUMMARY Theaimthis study was to determine the excretion profile of albendazole and ivermectin residues in milk from goats submitted to antiparasitic treatment. Twenty-four Brazilianmongrel lactating and pluriparous goats, maintained extensively on native pasture were orally treatedwith albendazole or ivermectin. Milk samples were collected before and after vermifuges application, in the days 0, 2, 3 e 4 to albendazole and 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 to ivermectin. The vermifuges residues were detected by high performance liquid cromatography with ultravioletdetector. The amount of residues contained in themilk was decreasing in function of time. The mean daily rates of decrease of albendazole residues were 63.34%, 40.18 and 100.0%, from the 2ndto the 4thday, respectively; on the 3rdday after treatment, 50% of the samples showed concentrations ≥ 47.61 μg.mL–1, and on the 4thday, no sample had albendazole residue. The amount excreted of ivermectin was similar between the 3rdand 21stday when all samples presented values ≥ 51.90 μg.mL-1; on the 35th day, 50% of the samples showed values above of recommended levels, and on the 42nd day, no sample had detectable ivermectin residue. In conclusion, the milk of Brazilian mongrel goats treated orally with albendazole or ivermectin does not contain its respective residues in detectable amounts from the 4th and 42nddays, respectively, after antiparasitic treatment.

Phase I trial of low-dose, prolonged continuous infusion fluorouracil plus interferon-alfa: evidence for enhanced fluorouracil toxicity without pharmacokinetic perturbation.

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Sparano ◽  
S Wadler ◽  
R B Diasio ◽  
R Zhang ◽  
Z Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Interferon Alfa ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Ifn Alpha ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Of The Pancreas

PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerable dose (MTD) of fluorouracil (5-FU) administered as a low-dose, prolonged continuous intravenous infusion (PCI) plus interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) that would permit treatment for at least 28 consecutive days, and to determine the effect of IFN-alpha on 5-FU pharmacokinetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six assessable patients with advanced cancer received low-dose PCI 5-FU (150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/m2/d) plus IFN-alpha, 5 x 10(6) IU/m2 administered subcutaneously (SC) at hour 48 of the 5-FU infusion, then thrice weekly thereafter in cohorts of at least three patients. Treatment continued until treatment-limiting toxicity (TLT) developed, such as mucositis, diarrhea, or fatigue. Escalation to the next 5-FU dose level occurred if none of three or zero to two of six patients developed TLT before day 28. Quantitation of plasma 5-FU concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography was performed in 15 patients. Data were standardized using the Cosinor method and compared before and after IFN-alpha administration using the paired t test. RESULTS The mean number of days of continuous 5-FU therapy for patients receiving 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/m2/d of 5-FU plus IFN alfa-2a (IFN-alpha 2a) was 75, 54, 37, and 22 days, respectively. The MTD of PCI 5-FU by our criteria that could be combined with IFN-alpha was 250 mg/m2/d. Comparison of the standardized pharmacokinetic data showed no significant effect of IFN-alpha on plasma 5-FU concentration, and no alteration of the normal circadian variation in plasma 5-FU concentration that was evident before IFN-alpha administration. Objective response occurred in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (n = 3), kidney (n = 2), and lung (n = 1). CONCLUSION IFN-alpha substantially enhanced the gastrointestinal toxicity of low-dose PCI 5-FU without affecting 5-FU pharmacokinetics, contrary to previous reports using alternative 5-FU schedules in which IFN-alpha-related enhancement of 5-FU toxicity was attributable to reduced 5-FU clearance. Our findings suggest that under certain conditions, mechanisms other than altered 5-FU pharmacokinetics may be responsible for the ability of IFN-alpha to enhance the toxic effects of 5-FU.

scholarly journals RFA Lowers IDO Activity and Slows Non-Ablated Lesion Growth in Multifocal Hepatic Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailin Wang ◽  
Jun Mao ◽  
Siyue Mao ◽  
Xicheng Wang ◽  
Wanlin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) could activate immunity and slow non-ablated lesion growth in multifocal hepatic carcinoma.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on patients with multifocal hepatic carcinoma and assessed the non-ablated lesion growth rate between patients who received RFA and those who did not. In self-controlled study, before and three weeks after RFA, blood samples were collected from patients who received RFA to allow for comparisons of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) concentration as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IDO activity as assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: A total of 66 patients were included in the retrospective analysis: there were 46 (69.7%) patients in the treatment group and 20 (30.3%) patients in the control group. The mean growth rate of non-ablated tumors was 0.0291 ± 0.0965 mm/d in the treatment group and 0.0947 ± 0.0754 mm/d in the control group (P = 0.001). The mean concentrations of IDO before and after RFA were 15.57±4.06 ng/ml and 7.53±1.56 ng/ml in 45 eligible patients, and this difference was significant (P = 0.034). The mean IDO activity values were 29.7±22.03 and 25.25±1.75 before and after RFA, respectively (P = 0.031). AFP decreased significantly after RFA, but there was no significant correlation between the decrease in AFP and the decrease in IDO concentration and activity.Conclusions: RFA may induce abscopal effects in hepatic carcinoma patients, manifested by a decrease in IDO concentration and activity and a slowed growth rate in non-ablated lesions.

scholarly journals Adaptive Moment Estimator (Adam) Optimizer in ITK v3

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavya Ajani ◽  
Aditya Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Saddle Point ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Moment Estimator ◽  
Output Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Moment

This document describes an ITK class implementing an Adaptive Moment Estimator (Adam) optimizer algorithm within the Insight Toolkit ITK www.itk.org. Adam is an adaptive gradient descent optimizer, which independently adaptively estimates the gradient descent step for each parameter, at each iteration, based on stored past gradients. The optimizer stores exponentially decaying averages of past gradients to estimate first moment (the mean) and the second moment (the variance) of the gradients to formulate update rule for present iteration. The Adam optimizer compares favorably to other adaptive learning-method algorithms, converges faster, and is robust to saddle point. This paper is accompanied with the source code, input data, parameters and output data that the authors used for validating the algorithm described in this paper.

Plasma Level Formaldehyde in Children Receiving Pulpotomy Treatment under General Anesthesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Majid Bagrizan ◽  
Pouya Pourgolshani ◽  
Sepanta Hosseinpour ◽  
Golnoush Jalalpour ◽  
Mostafa Zahmatkesh Shahrestani
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Formocresol has long been used by dentists for pulpotomy of primary teeth. Due to some concerns regarding its possible carcinogenicity, formocresol has been the topic of numerous studies. This study sought to assess the changes in plasma level of formaldehyde of children after receiving pulpotomy under general anesthesia. Study design: Twenty-five children between 2–6 years requiring dental treatments under general anesthesia were studied. Blood samples were taken of children before and after the procedure. Plasma level of formaldehyde was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: A total of 106 pulpotomy treatments were performed in 25 children using 126 cotton pellets dipped in formocresol. An increase and a decrease in plasma level of formaldehyde were noted in 5 (20%) and 20 (80%) children, respectively post-operatively compared to baseline. The t-test showed no significant difference in plasma level of formaldehyde pre- and postoperatively (P=0.12). the plasma level of formaldehyde in children who had higher levels of formaldehyde prior to the operation was also higher than that of others after the operation and this association was statistically significant (P=0.001, r=0.64). Conclusions: The results showed no significant change in the mean plasma level of formaldehyde in children who received pulpotomy under general anesthesia compared to its baseline value.

Training Repeated Effort Ability in National Team Male Volleyball Players

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Sheppard ◽  
Tim Gabbett ◽  
Russell Borgeaud
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
National Team ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induced Changes

Purpose:This case study evaluated the effect of repeated lateral movement and jumping training on repeated effort ability in a group of national team male volleyball players.Methods:Twelve volleyball players were assessed on their volleyball-specific repeated movement and jumping abilities using a volleyball-specific repeated effort test (RET) before and after 12 weeks of training. The athletes performed between 8 and 9 volleyball training sessions per week, with 5 to 6 of these sessions including specific training aimed at improving repeated effort ability. Typically these training sessions involved 8 to 12 repetitions of 2 to 3 block jumps over a 9-m lateral distance (ie, the athletes had to perform jumps and lateral movements, typical of front court play in volleyball). Population-specific repeatability data were used to determine whether any changes that may have occurred in this study were beyond the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for this testing procedure.Results:Improvements in all variables of the RET were observed for each athlete involved in the study, with a small-to-moderate magnitude observed for the mean changes in each variable (Cohen’s d, 0.21 to 0.59). All of the improvements in the results exceeded the MCID.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that the RET is sensitive to training-induced changes. Lateral movement speed and repeated lateral movement speed, as well as jumping and repeated jumping ability are trainable qualities in high-performance volleyball players.

Placental Transfer of Vitamin K1 and Its Implications in Fetal Hemostasis

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-043 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mandelbrot ◽  
M Guillaumont ◽  
M Leclercq ◽  
J J Lefrère ◽  
D Gozin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Prothrombin Activity ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
The Mean

SummaryVitamin K status was evaluated using coagulation studies and/ or vitamin IQ assays in a total of 53 normal fetuses and 47 neonates. Second trimester fetal blood samples were obtained for prenatal diagnosis under ultrasound guidance. Endogenous vitamin K1 concentrations (determined by high performance liquid chromatography) were substantially lower than maternal levels. The mean maternal-fetal gradient was 14-fold at mid trimester and 18-fold at birth. Despite low vitamin K levels, descarboxy prothrombin, detected by a staphylocoagulase assay, was elevated in only a single fetus and a single neonate.After maternal oral supplementation with vitamin K1, cord vitamin K1 levels were boosted 30-fold at mid trimester and 60 fold at term, demonstrating placental transfer. However, these levels were substantially lower than corresponding supplemented maternal levels. Despite elevated vitamin K1 concentrations, supplemented fetuses and neonates showed no increase in total or coagulant prothrombin activity. These results suggest that the low prothrombin levels found during intrauterine life are not due to vitamin K deficiency.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

Quality of Life for Children with Persistent Sinonasal Symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kay ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations. RESULTS: Good test-retest reliability ( R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items ( R ≥ 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation ( R ≥ 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs ( R ≥ 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.

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