scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Using Nonedible Castor Oil by Immobilized Lipase fromBacillus aerius

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Narwal ◽  
Nitin Kumar Saun ◽  
Priyanka Dogra ◽  
Ghanshyam Chauhan ◽  
Reena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimized Conditions

A novel thermotolerant lipase fromBacillus aeriuswas immobilized on inexpensive silica gel matrix. The immobilized lipase was used for the synthesis of biodiesel using castor oil as a substrate in a solvent free system at 55°C under shaking in a chemical reactor. Several crucial parameters affecting biodiesel yield such as incubation time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of lipase were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the highest biodiesel yield was up to 78.13%. The characterization of synthesized biodiesel was done through FTIR spectroscopy,1H NMR spectra, and gas chromatography.

Comparative study of stirred and fluidized tank reactor for hydroxyl-kojic acid derivatives synthesis and their biological activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Solvent Free System

AbstractBackground:Study on the synthesis of kojic acid derivatives (KADs) in solvent-free system using scalable reactors and their biological activities is still lacking.Methods:In this study, two types of KADs, were synthesized using saturated-fatty acid [lauric acid (LA)] and unsaturated-fatty acid [oleic acid (OA)] in stirred tank reactor (STR) and fluidized tank reactor (FTR). The yield and biological activities of the synthesized KADs were evaluated and compared.Results:The highest yield of KADs (42.95%) was obtained in the synthesis using OA, with molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme loading of 5% (w/v), temperature of 70°C, using immobilized lipase N435 in STR. However, FTR may provide biocatalyst protection and reusability with reduced loss of KADs yield up to three cycles. In antioxidant assay, the hydroxyl-unsaturated-fatty acid of kojic acid (HUFA-KA) showed better activity as compared to hydroxyl-saturated-fatty acid of kojic acid (HSFA-KA) at concentrations ranging from 125 to 2000 μg/mL. In contrast, HSFA-KA showed better cytotoxicity effect against G361 melanoma cell as compared to HUFA-KA.Conclusion:The yield of KADs obtained in STR was higher than that obtained in FTR. HUFA-KA could be used as potential lipophilic antioxidant while HSFA-KA has the potential to be used to treat melanoma skin disorder.

scholarly journals Optimization of the production of biodiesel by a commercial immobilized lipase in a solvent-free system using a response surface methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Ognjanovic ◽  
Dejan Bezbradica ◽  
Zorica Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System

Response surface methodology was used for the evaluation of the effects of various factors on the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed with immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei in a solvent-free system. The production of biodiesel was optimized and model response equations were obtained, enabling the prediction of biodiesel production from the values of the four main factors. It would seem that the reaction temperature and the amount of water predominantly determined the conversion process while the methanol/oil molar ratio had no significant influence on the reaction rate. The temperature and amount of water showed negative interactive effects on the observed reaction rate per amount of enzyme. However, there were no significant interactions among the other variables according to the test of statistical significance. The highest yield of 10.15 mol kg-1 enzyme was observed at 45?C with a 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and with no added water in the system.

Esterification of Oleic Acid and Bioalcohols Using Immobilized Lipase

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawittree Mulalee ◽  
Jiranan Chanprasert ◽  
Piboon Kerdpoksup ◽  
Netnapa Sawangpanya Sawangpanya ◽  
Muenduen K.M. Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Novozym 435 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Significant Attention

Biodiesel has been receiving significant attention as a renewable and nonpolluting fuel. In this study, oleic acid and bioalcohols (ethanol and butanol) were used as substrates for biodiesel production. The reactions were performed in a solvent-free system using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as biocatalyst in a batch esterification process. The optimal conditions were 45°C, oleic acid to alcohol molar ratio of 1:2, Novozym 435 loading at 5% based on oleic acid weight and 250 rpm, in which the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion at 91.0% was obtained after 12 hours of the reaction.

scholarly journals Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polyethylene glycol stearate in a solvent-free system

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish S. Nhivekar ◽  
Virendra K. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Free System ◽  
Immobilized Catalyst ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Polyethylene glycol stearate is widely used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. The current work describes the synthesis and optimization of polyethylene glycol stearate by esterification of polyethylene glycol 600 and stearic acid using Fermase CALBex 10000, a commercial immobilized lipase B in a solvent-free system. The impact of various parameters that include temperature, reaction time, biocatalyst loading, agitation, acid to alcohol molar ratio, and amount of molecular sieves was optimized to achieve maximum conversion. The highest conversion of 86.98% was obtained in 6 h under the following optimized conditions: temperature 70°C, biocatalyst loading 0.5%, acid to alcohol molar ratio 1:4, speed of agitation 300 rpm, and molecular sieves 5% (w/w). The final condensate product was analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the functional group and also by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The immobilized catalyst can be reused up to four cycles, exhibiting more than 60% of its initial activity.

scholarly journals Continuous Production of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel in a Packed-Bed Reactor: Optimization and Enzyme Reuse Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Ching Chen ◽  
Hen-Yi Ju ◽  
Tsung-Ta Wu ◽  
Yung-Chuan Liu ◽  
Chih-Chen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
System Response ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Molar Conversion

An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in atert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature52.1∘C, and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were83.31±2.07% and82.81±.98%, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.

Synthesis and component confirmation of biodiesel from palm oil and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by immobilized-lipase in solvent-free system

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 3960-3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shuzhen Sun ◽  
Zhong Xin ◽  
Boyang Sheng ◽  
Qun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System

scholarly journals Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), A NEW HOPE! A sustainable and promising process for the plasticisers industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Acciaretti ◽  
Andrea Pasquale
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Free System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Solvent Free System

AbstractPlasticisers are commonly incorporated in plastic materials in order to improve their physico-chemicals properties. In particular, Poly-(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a polymer which has excellent plasticiser compatibility characteristics. The demand for plasticized-PVC is steadily increasing and its synthesis need to be more sustainable, considering the interest in developing a circular economy in the next years. In order to achieve these goals, a bio-based process to synthesize di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), a widely used plasticiser, could be an interesting approach. The most important starting material for the process is adipic acid, but its synthesis from petrochemical sources is not sustainable. An alternative is using waste materials as substrates for fermentation in a totally green process. Among many strategies, the reverse adipate degradation pathway (RADP) in E. coli seems to be the most interesting one, considering the highest titer of 68 g/L and the yield of 93.1%. The next step is the enzyme-catalysed esterification of adipic acid and 2-ethylhexanol to produce DEHA, using an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica. Applying a solvent-free system under vacuum condition is convenient as it guarantees a conversion to DEHA of 100 mol%.

scholarly journals Developing a High-Temperature Solvent-Free System for Efficient Biocatalysis of Octyl Ferulate

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ping-Yu Wu ◽  
Jiann-Hwa Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Kuo ◽  
Chwen-Jen Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System ◽  
Fitting Ability ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Conversion

Ferulic acid esters have been suggested as a group of natural chemicals that have the function of sunscreen. The study aimed to utilize an environmentally-friendly enzymatic method through the esterification of ferulic acid with octanol, producing octyl ferulate. The Box-Behnken experimental design for response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to determine the synthesis effects of variables, including enzyme amount (1000–2000 propyl laurate units (PLU)), reaction temperature (70–90 °C), and stir speed (50–150 rpm) on the molar conversion of octyl ferulate. According to the joint test, both the enzyme amount and reaction temperature had great impacts on the molar conversion. An RSM-developed second-order polynomial equation further showed a data-fitting ability. Using ridge max analysis, the optimal parameters of the biocatalyzed reaction were: 72 h reaction time, 92.2 °C reaction temperature, 1831 PLU enzyme amount, and 92.4 rpm stir speed, respectively. Finally, the molar conversion of octyl ferulate under optimum conditions was verified to be 93.2 ± 1.5%. In conclusion, it has been suggested that a high yield of octyl ferulate should be synthesized under elevated temperature conditions with a commercial immobilized lipase. Our findings could broaden the utilization of the lipase and provide a biocatalytic approach, instead of the chemical method, for ferulic acid ester synthesis.

scholarly journals Interesterification of Egg-Yolk Phosphatidylcholine with p-Methoxycinnamic Acid Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipase B from Candida Antarctica

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rychlicka ◽  
Anna Gliszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Novozym 435 ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Methoxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

The p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) is one of the most popular phenylpropanoids, the beneficial impact of which on the human health is well documented in the literature. This compound has shown many valuable activities including anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuro- and hepatoprotective. However, its practical application is limited by its low bioavailability resulting from rapid metabolism in the human body. The latest strategy, aimed at overcoming these limitations, is based on the production of more stability in systemic circulation bioconjugates with phospholipids. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop the biotechnological method for the synthesis of phospholipid derivatives of p-methoxycinnamic acid, which can play a role of new nutraceuticals. We developed and optimized enzymatic interesterification of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Ep-MCA). Novozym 435 and a binary solvent system of toluene/chloroform 9:1 (v/v) were found to be the effective biocatalyst and reaction medium for the synthesis of structured p-MCA phospholipids, respectively. The effects of the other reaction parameters, such as substrate molar ratio, enzyme dosage, and reaction time, on the degree of incorporation of p-MCA into PC were evaluated by use of an experimental factorial design method. The results showed that substrate molar ratio and biocatalyst load have significant effects on the synthesis of p-methoxycinnamoylated phospholipids. The optimum conditions were: Reaction time of three days, 30% (w/w) of Novozym 435, and 1/10 substrate molar ratio PC/Ep-MCA. Under these parameters, p-methoxycinnamoylated lysophosphatidylcholine (p-MCA-LPC) and p-methoxycinnamoylated phosphatidylcholine (p-MCA-PC) were obtained in isolated yields of 32% and 3% (w/w), respectively.

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