scholarly journals Evaluation of Hemagglutination Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Human Erythrocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Muniz de Lima ◽  
Ronaldo Rodrigues Sarmento ◽  
Joelma Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Fábio André Brayner ◽  
Ana Paula Sampaio Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hemagglutination Activity ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Hemostatic Agents ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle

Chitosan is a polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed chains ofβ-(1-4) D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This compound is obtained by partial or total deacetylation of chitin in acidic solution. The chitosan-based hemostatic agents have been gaining much attention in the management of bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro hemagglutination activity of chitosan nanoparticles using human erythrocytes. The preparation of nanoparticles was achieved by ionotropic gelification technique followed by neutralization with NaOH 1 mol/L−1. The hemagglutination activity was performed on a solution of 2% erythrocytes (pH 7.4 on PBS) collected from five healthy volunteers. The hemolysis determination was made by spectrophotometric analysis. Chitosan nanoparticle solutions without NaOH addition changed the reddish colour of the wells into brown, suggesting an oxidative reaction of hemoglobin and possible cell lysis. All neutralized solutions of chitosan nanoparticles presented positive haemagglutination, without any change in reaction color. Chitosan nanoparticles presented hemolytic activity ranging from 186.20 to 223.12%, while neutralized solutions ranged from 2.56 to 72.54%, comparing to distilled water. Results highlight the need for development of new routes of synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles within human physiologic pH.

Synergistic Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin-C3 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 5021-5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desu N.K. Reddy ◽  
Fu-Yung Huang ◽  
Shao-Pin Wang ◽  
Ramya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle

Background: Recent studies have focused on the nanoformulations of curcumin to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. The medicinal properties of curcumin-C3 complex, which is a combination of three curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) is less explored. Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare curcumin-C3 encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, characterize and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Methods: Ionic gelation method was used to prepare curcumin-C3 nanoparticles and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. In vitro assays were performed to assess drug release, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Results: Curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed an increased entrapment efficiency of >90%, drug release and improved antioxidant potential. Moreover, curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed stronger inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Chitosan is a suitable carrier for curcumin-C3 nanoparticle and can be used as a drug delivery system in the treatment of inflammatory and bacterial diseases.

Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeevani Deshkar ◽  
Sumit Sikchi ◽  
Anjali Thakre ◽  
Rupali Kale
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Nanoparticle Formulation

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of Acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa. Method: Acyclovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles, were studied using 32 full factorial design. The surface response and counter plots were drawn to facilitate an understanding of the contribution of the variables and their interaction. The nanoparticles were evaluated for drug entrapment, size with zeta potential, morphological analysis by TEM, solid state characterization by FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro dissolution, in vitro cell uptake using HeLa cell line and in vivo vaginal irritation test in Wistar rats. Results: Chitosan nanoparticle formulation with chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 2:1 and acyclovir concentration of 2 mg/mL resulted in highest entrapment efficiency. Resulting nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with particle size of 191.2 nm. The surface modification of nanoparticles with Poloxamer resulted in higher drug entrapment (74.3±1.5%), higher particle size (391.1 nm) as a result of dense surface coating, lower zeta potential and sustained drug release compared to unmodified nanoparticles. The change in the crystallinity of drug during nanoparticle formulation was observed in DSC and XRD study. Cellular uptake of Poloxamer modified chitosan nanoparticles was found to be higher than chitosan nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Safety of nanoparticle formulations by vaginal route was evident when tested in female rats. Conclusion: Conclusively, Poloxamer modified CH NP could serve as a promising and safe delivery system with enhanced cellular drug uptake.

scholarly journals CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE GEL: ADVANCED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING PERMEATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DRUG RELEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Dhruv Dev ◽  
Urvashi Bhardwaj ◽  
D N Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Dsc Method

Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most reliable, appealing and effective technique which provides controlled and constant administration of drug. The aim of the study was to develop a gel form of nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in order to enhance the permeability of drug and for the release of drug over a period of 24 hrs. The nanoparticles were formulated by ionic gelation method using chitosan as a polymer and TPP as a cross linking agent. The compatibility of drug and polymer is studied by using FTIR spectroscopy and DSC method. There was no interaction observed by UV and FTIR study. The six different batches were prepared using different polymer and drug ratio. The fourth batch (N4) shows best results as compared to others which was used for further investigations. The formulation was then optimized for its particle size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading capacity and in-vitro permeation. TEM study reveals that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and also confirms the size below 500nm. Drug release studies shows that nanoparticles could release drug for 24 hrs and follows zero order kinetics. From DSC analysis it was found that the drug was effectively encapsulated inside the chitosan nanoparticles. Finally, it was concluded that the penetration of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was enhanced after loading it into chitosan nanoparticles and also the drug was release over 24 hrs.   Keywords: Nanoparticles, Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, Chitosan, Carbopol 934

scholarly journals Development and Optimization of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine Carrier

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Gao ◽  
Nan Liu ◽  
Zengming Wang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, mainly derived from the shell of marine organisms. At present, chitosan has been widely used in the field of biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation and low immunogenicity. Chitosan nanoparticles can be easily prepared. Chitosan nanoparticles with positive charge can enhance the adhesion of antigens in nasal mucosa and promote its absorption, which is expected to be used for intranasal vaccine delivery. In this study, we prepared chitosan nanoparticles by a gelation method, and modified the chitosan nanoparticles with mannose by hybridization. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the model antigen for development of an intranasal vaccine. The preparation technology of the chitosan nanoparticle-based intranasal vaccine delivery system was optimized by design of experiment (DoE). The DoE results showed that mannose-modified chitosan nanoparticles (Man-BSA-CS-NPs) had high modification tolerance and the mean particle size and the surface charge with optimized Man-BSA-CS-NPs were 156 nm and +33.5 mV. FTIR and DSC results confirmed the presence of Man in Man-BSA-CS-NPs. The BSA released from Man-BSA-CS-NPs had no irreversible aggregation or degradation. In addition, the analysis of fluorescence spectroscopy of BSA confirmed an appropriate binding constant between CS and BSA in this study, which could improve the stability of BSA. The cell study in vitro demonstrated the low toxicity and biocompatibility of Man-BSA-CS-NPs. Confocal results showed that the Man-modified BSA-FITC-CS-NPs promote the endocytosis and internalization of BSA-FITC in DC2.4 cells. In vivo studies of mice, Man-BSA-CS-NPs intranasally immunized showed a significantly improvement of BSA-specific serum IgG response and the highest level of BSA-specific IgA expression in nasal lavage fluid. Overall, our study provides a promising method to modify BSA-loaded CS-NPs with mannose, which is worthy of further study.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Silver Diamine Fluoride and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Gel on Microhardness of Artificial Carious Lesions Created on Extracted Teeth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani Kiran Deokar ◽  
ND Shashikiran ◽  
Ankita Maurya ◽  
Namrata Gaonkar ◽  
Sachin Gugwad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Vickers Hardness Test

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial microbial infectious disease characterised by demineralisation of the inorganic and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. To combat dental caries the application of nanotechnology includes the inhibition of formation of biofilm and regulating the balance of demineralisation-remineralisation processes, ensuring a possible mechanism that can aid in prevention and treatment of tooth decay. Initial caries progression may be prevented by suitable surface treatment, by applying surface remineralising agents. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of remineralising potential of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel, Chitosan nanoparticles and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) on microhardness of artificial carious lesions created on extracted teeth. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro experimental study associated with Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad conducted during a period of two months (October and November 2019) at Mechanical Department of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra. The total sample size was 30 premolar teeth. In this in-vitro study, test materials Chitosan nanoparticles, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride gel (APF) varnishes were manipulated and applied (10 in each group) in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Artificial carious lesions were created in the enamel. This was achieved by suspending the teeth in an artificial caries system. Baseline microhardness was then recorded using Vickers Hardness Test and varnish application was carried out. Samples were then placed separately in a demineralisation solution for three hours. Thereafter, samples were placed in a remineralisation solution. Any change in microhardness was determined by evaluating the Vickers Hardness Test at the end of 28 days. The data was then recorded, tabulated and statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Wilcoxon Signed Test for inter and intra groups comparisons to find out if there was a significant difference. Results: All the three varnishes i.e., Chitosan nanoparticle, silver diamine fluoride and APF gel in intragroup comparison after intervention showed significant differences with Chitosan nanoparticle showing the highest increase in microhardness with p-value of 0.001 followed by SDF with p-value of 0.005 and APF gel with p-value of 0.005. Conclusion: All the three varnishes increased enamel microhardness significantly. Chitosan nanoparticle showed highest increase in remineralisation followed by SDF and APF gel. Hence, varnish application is a good method in remineralising the tooth.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis of Dental Enamel Staining to Antiseptic and Dietary Agents: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mukhatar Ahmed Javali ◽  
Mohasin Abdul Khader ◽  
Razan Mansour Alqahtani ◽  
Muna Jubran Almufarrij ◽  
Thamra Mohammed Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Agents

Background/Objectives. Use of antiseptics as an adjunct to a traditional mechanical tooth brushing method has limited their application for long duration because of their side effects such as staining and calculus formation. The objective of this in vitro study is to analyse the staining effects of antiseptic mouthwashes on dental enamel and compare it with those containing nanoparticles, dietary agents, and distilled water (control). Material and Methods. 105 intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons and without any caries or anatomical defects were selected for analysis. The samples were randomly divided into 7 different groups of fifteen teeth each for different solutions. A spectrophotometer was used to assess the colorimeter analysis of buccal dental enamel surface at R1 (baseline examination), R2 (24 hours after immersion in different solutions), and R3 (after brushing). Statistical analysis was done using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s test (p<0.05), respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in color (∆E) between the readings, R1, R2, and R3. Results. The mouthwash containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles produced the greater enamel discoloration compared to that of chlorhexidine. Brushing had little effect on removal of stains induced by all mouthwashes except for dietary solutions (lemon with sodium bicarbonate and olive with laurel) and distilled water (control). Conclusion. The results from this study show that mouthwashes containing TiO2 nanoparticles and other antiseptic mouthwashes cause change in color of the teeth and lead to poor esthetic appearance when compared to dietary and control solutions. Thus, future in vivo studies have to be conducted to confirm these findings as in vitro studies may not provide a reliable simulation of the clinical situations.

SEM Evaluation of Fluoride Pretreatment Effects on Acid-Etching of Caries-Like Enamel Lesions In Vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Acid-etching of enamel surfaces has been performed routinely to bond adhesive resin materials to sound dental enamel as a caries-preventive measure. The effect of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of enamel has been reported to produce inconsistent and unsatisfactory etching patterns. The failure to obtain an adequate etch has been postulated to be due to fluoride precipitation products deposited on the enamel surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of carieslike lesions of human dental enamel.Caries-like lesions of enamel were created in vitro on human molar and premolar teeth. The teeth were divided into two fluoride treatment groups. The specimens were exposed for 4 minutes to either a 2% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) solution or a 10% Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) solution. The specimens were then washed in deionized-distilled water. Each tooth was sectioned into four test regions. This was carried out to compare the effects of various time exposures (0 to 2 minutes) and differing concentrations (10 to 60% w/w) of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on etching of caries-like lesions. Standard preparation techniques for SEM were performed on the specimens.

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE 131I LABELLED L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES AS AN INDEX OF THYROID FUNCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Woldring ◽  
A. Bakker ◽  
H. Doorenbos
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

ABSTRACT The red cell triiodothyronine uptake technique as used in our hospital is described. Incubation time is of almost no importance. The temperature during incubation should be 37° C. Further improvement of the technique is obtained when all blood samples are brought up to 40 % haematocrit prior to incubation. Clinical results are discussed. It is yet too early to give a definite assessment of its clinical value, but it is definitely superior to the measurement of the BMR.

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Zaky ◽  
Mohsen Afouna ◽  
Ahmed Samy
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Nocturnal Asthma ◽  
Carrier Erythrocytes

Carrier erythrocytes are emerging as one of the most promising biological drug delivery systems investigated in recent decades. Beside its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to circulate throughout the body, it has the ability to perform extended release system of the drug for a long period. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a new carrier system for Salbutamol, maintaining suitable blood levels for a long time, as atrial to resolve the problems of nocturnal asthma medication Therefore in this work we study the effect of time, temperature as well as concentration on the loading of salbutamol in human erythrocytes to be used as systemic sustained release delivery system for this drug. After the loading process is performed the carrier erythrocytes were physically and cellulary characterized. Also, the in vitro release of salbutamol from carrier erythrocytes was studied over time interval. From the results it was found that, human erythrocytes have been successfully loaded with salbutamol using endocytosis method either at 25 Co or at 37 Co . The highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg/ml and 6.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the percent of cells recovery is 90.7± 1.64%. Hematological parameters and osmotic fragility behavior of salbutamol loaded erythrocytes were similar that of native erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the salbutamol loaded cells has moderate change in the morphology. Salbutamol releasing from carrier cell was 43% after 36 hours in phosphate buffer saline. The releasing pattern of the drug from loaded erythrocytes showed initial burst release in the first hour followed by a very slow release, obeying zero order kinetics. It concluded that salbutamol is successfully entrapped into erythrocytes with acceptable loading parameters and moderate morphological changes, this suggesting that erythrocytes can be used as prolonged release carrier for salbutamol.

Formulation of Modified Release Atorvastatin Nanoparticles by Emulsion Interfacial Reaction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2937-2940
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Sekar ◽  
Shee Sim May
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Vitro Release

The aim of the study is to formulate a modified release chitosan nanoparticles for the oral delivery of atorvastatin and to study the in vitro release of atorvastatin from chitosan nanoparticles. Atorvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with different concentration of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) by emulsion interfacial reaction method. The formed nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size and morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Spherical and regular nanoparticles with the size range of 100-250nm were formed. Atorvastatin encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was found to be highest in ANP3, followed by ANP2 and ANP1. The in vitro release of atorvastatin was studied by membrane diffusion technique. The resulted cumulative percentage of drug released for ANP1, ANP2 and ANP3 were 60.08%, 34.81% and 20.39% respectively. Through this study, the nanoparticles preparation technique has shown to be a promising approach for enhancing the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs like atorvastatin calcium. The application of this novel delivery system offers good therapeutic potential in the management of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.

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