scholarly journals Study of Aerosols’ Characteristics and Dynamics over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using a Multisensor Approach Combined with Ground Observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Farahat ◽  
Hesham El-Askary ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Shaibani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Aerosol Distribution ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Anthropogenic Contribution ◽  
Dust Events

This study covers various aspects of the aerosol distribution and characteristics, namely, optical depth climatology, absorption characteristics, and their microphysical properties over four regions in Saudi Arabia using satellite and ground observations including MODIS/Terra and Aqua, OMI, MISR/Terra, AERONET, and CALIPSO for the period April 2003–January 2013. The study includes cities in the North Western, Western, Eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia and in the Rub al Khali desert or Empty Quarter. Satellite and ground observations showed that the dust season extends from April to August with prominent peaks yet with high anthropogenic contribution late summer and early fall. Analysis shows an increase in the aerosol concentration during March 2009 which could be attributed to a major dust storm during that time. Comparing the AOD time series over regions 1–3 and region 4 (desert) we observe monthly and annual variability with no recurrence pattern over the years. The Aqua Deep Blue AOD550data shows a single peak pattern that occurs over region 4 during the spring season known for its frequent dust events. OMI data shed the light on the presence of higher air pollution levels over region 3, representing the oil rich eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near Sept-Îles, Québec

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Whoriskey jr. ◽  
Robert J. Naiman ◽  
Peter H. Heinermann
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Early Fall

Fourteen steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were captured in the Matamek and Moisie rivers on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near Sept-Îles, Québec, in the late summer and early fall of 1979. Steelhead trout are not indigenous to this area. The relatively large numbers of fish taken and their presence in these two rivers on the North Shore may indicate an expanding distribution and a potential threat of colonization in this area of pristine Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) habitat.Key words: steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri; geographic range, exotic fish

scholarly journals Spectral optical layer properties of cirrus from collocated airborne measurements – a feasibility study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 19045-19077 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Finger ◽  
F. Werner ◽  
M. Klingebiel ◽  
A. Ehrlich ◽  
E. Jäkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
The North ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Irradiance Data ◽  
Optical Layer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Spectral optical layer properties of cirrus are derived from simultaneous and vertically collocated measurements of spectral upward and downward solar irradiance above and below the cloud layer and concurrent in situ microphysical sampling. From the irradiance data spectral transmissivity, absorptivity, reflectivity, and cloud top albedo of the observed cirrus layer are obtained. At the same time microphysical properties of the cirrus were sampled. The close collocation of the radiative and microphysical measurements, above, beneath and inside the cirrus, is obtained by using a research aircraft (Learjet 35A) in tandem with a towed platform called AIRTOSS (AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle). AIRTOSS can be released from and retracted back to the research aircraft by means of a cable up to a distance of 4 km. Data were collected in two field campaigns above the North and Baltic Sea in spring and late summer 2013. Exemplary results from one measuring flight are discussed also to illustrate the benefits of collocated sampling. Based on the measured cirrus microphysical properties, radiative transfer simulations were applied to quantify the impact of cloud particle properties such as crystal shape, effective radius reff, and optical thickness τ on cirrus optical layer properties. The effects of clouds beneath the cirrus are evaluated in addition. They cause differences in the layer properties of the cirrus by a factor of 2 to 3, and for cirrus radiative forcing by up to a factor of 4. If low-level clouds below cirrus are not considered the solar cooling due to the cirrus is significantly overestimated.

Rhineland on the Way to its Thousandth Anniversary or Water-Administration in the Next 100–200 Years

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
E. H. baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
The North ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Water Administration

An inventory is made of the effects of sea level rise and expected climatic change on the level of the district water authorities in the Netherlands and especially the “hoogheemraadschap” of Rhineland in the next 100-200 years. Special attention is paid to the effects on land utilization, coastal defence and water control. The first is hard to describe by lack of research, the second can already be determined in terms of cost; the third can be described in its effects on brackishness and water provision with indication of policies and measures to be taken. Preliminary conclusions are that larger efforts on coastal defence - even with present techniques - will be a realistic answer in terms of cost. The foreseen increase of brackishness in area and salt concentration, will give a significant extra need for fresh water. High cost and even higher risks have to be expected with regard to measures to neutralize the effects of a water surplus in winter and a growing water shortage in (late) summer, while the cost will further grow. Because of the effect a larger area must be drained off and water has to be raised higher as the Netherlands will sink in relation to the North Sea.

Emergence of Heteroresistance Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eltayib H. Ahmed Abakur ◽  
Tarig M.S. Alnour ◽  
Faisel Abuduhier ◽  
Fahad M.A. Albalawi ◽  
Khalid A.S. Alfifi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Genotype Mtbdrplus

Purpose: Heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is defined as a group of drug-susceptible and resistant bacteria in a single clinical specimen from tuberculosis (TB) patients. Heteroresistance of MTB is considered a preliminary stage to full resistance. The present study aimed to determine the heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tabuk province, in the north of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: GenoType MTBDRplus assay was used to determine mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance. Results: A total number of 46 confirmed M. tuberculosis positive sputum samples were scanned for heteroresistance. The present study revealed 3 (6.5%) heteroresistant mutations to either rpoB gene alone, 2 (4.4%) to rpoB and 1 (2.2%) to inhA genes. Conclusion: The detection of heteroresistant mutations could guide the initiation of an appropriate regimen of treatment.

scholarly journals Decrease in Enteroviral Meningitis - An Unexpected Benefit of COVID-19 Mitigation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kami D Kies ◽  
Amber S Thomas ◽  
Matthew J Binnicker ◽  
Kelli L Bashynski ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Enteroviral Meningitis

Abstract Enteroviral meningitis is seasonal, typically exhibiting a rise in prevalence in late summer/early fall. Based on clinical microbiology laboratory testing data of cerebrospinal fluid, the expected August/September/October peak in enteroviral meningitis did not occur in 2020, possibly related to COVID-19 mitigation strategies.

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