scholarly journals Silicon Improves Maize Photosynthesis in Saline-Alkaline Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Xie ◽  
Ri Song ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Fengbin Song ◽  
Hongwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Photosynthesis

The research aimed to determine the effects of Si application on photosynthetic characteristics of maize on saline-alkaline soil, including photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2concentration (Ci) of maize in the field with five levels (0, 45, 90, 150, and 225 kg·ha−1) of Si supplying. Experimental results showed that the values ofPn,gs, andCiof maize were significantly enhanced while the values ofEof maize were dramatically decreased by certain doses of silicon fertilizers, which meant that Si application with proper doses significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency of maize in different growth stages under stressing environment of saline-alkaline soil. The optimal dose of Si application in this experiment was 150 kg·ha−1 Si. It indicated that increase in maize photosynthesis under saline-alkaline stress took place by Si application with proper doses, which is helpful to improve growth and yield of maize.

scholarly journals Effects of Silicon on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize (Zea maysL.) on Alluvial Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Xie ◽  
Fengbin Song ◽  
Hongwen Xu ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Ri Song
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of silicon on photosynthetic characteristics of maize on alluvial soil, including total chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic ratePn, stomatal conductancegs, transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2concentrationCiusing the method of field experiment, in which there were five levels (0, 45, 90, 150, and 225 kg·ha−1) of silicon supplying. The results showed that certain doses of silicon fertilizers can be used successfully in increasing the values of total chlorophyll contents,Pn, andgsand decreasing the values ofEandCiof maize leaves, which meant that photosynthetic efficiency of maize was significantly increased in different growth stages by proper doses of Si application on alluvial soil, and the optimal dose of Si application was 150 kg·ha−1. Our results indicated that silicon in proper amounts can be beneficial in increasing the photosynthetic ability of maize, which would be helpful for the grain yield and growth of maize.

scholarly journals Quantitative Response of Maize Vcmax25 to Persistent Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Xingyang Song ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
Huailin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Persistent Drought ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Drought stress has adverse effects on crop growth and yield, and its identification and monitoring play vital roles in precision crop water management. Accurately evaluating the effect of drought stress on crop photosynthetic capacity can provide a basis for decisions related to crop drought stress identification and monitoring as well as drought stress resistance and avoidance. In this study, the effects of different degrees of persistent drought in different growth stages (3rd leaf stage, 7th leaf stage and jointing stage) on the maximum carboxylation rate at a reference temperature of 25 °C (Vcmax25) of the first fully expanded leaf and its relationship to the leaf water content (LWC) were studied in a field experiment from 2013 to 2015. The results indicated that the LWC decreased continuously as drought stress continued and that the LWC decreased faster in the treatment with more irrigation. Vcmax25 showed a decreasing trend as the drought progressed but had no clear relationship to the growth stage in which the persistent drought occurred. Vcmax25 showed a significantly parabolic relationship (R2 = 0.701, p < 0.001) with the LWC, but the different degrees of persistent drought stress occurring in different growth stages had no distinct effect on the LWC values when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value or zero. The findings of this study also suggested that the LWC was 82.5 ± 0.5% when Vcmax25 reached its maximum value (42.6 ± 3.6 μmol m−2 s−1) and 67.6 ± 1.2% (extreme drought) when Vcmax25 reached zero. These findings will help to improve crop drought management and will be an important reference for crop drought identification, classification and monitoring as well as for the development of drought monitoring and early warning systems for other crops or maize varieties.

scholarly journals Archaeal Communities in a Heterogeneous Hypersaline-Alkaline Soil

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yendi E. Navarro-Noya ◽  
César Valenzuela-Encinas ◽  
Alonso Sandoval-Yuriar ◽  
Norma G. Jiménez-Bueno ◽  
Rodolfo Marsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Archaeal Communities ◽  
Saline Alkaline Soils

In this study the archaeal communities in extreme saline-alkaline soils of the former lake Texcoco, Mexico, with electrolytic conductivities (EC) ranging from 0.7 to 157.2 dS/m and pH from 8.5 to 10.5 were explored. Archaeal communities in the 0.7 dS/m pH 8.5 soil had the lowest alpha diversity values and were dominated by a limited number of phylotypes belonging to the mesophilic CandidatusNitrososphaera. Diversity and species richness were higher in the soils with EC between 9.0 and 157.2 dS/m. The majority of OTUs detected in the hypersaline soil were members of the Halobacteriaceae family. Novel phylogenetic branches in the Halobacteriales class were detected in the soil, and more abundantly in soil with the higher pH (10.5), indicating that unknown and uncharacterized Archaea can be found in this soil. Thirteen different genera of the Halobacteriaceae family were identified and were distributed differently between the soils.Halobiforma,Halostagnicola,Haloterrigena, andNatronomonaswere found in all soil samples. Methanogenic archaea were found only in soil with pH between 10.0 and 10.3. Retrieved methanogenic archaea belonged to the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales orders. The comparison of the archaeal community structures considering phylogenetic information (UniFrac distances) clearly clustered the communities by pH.

Impact of foliar-applied Hoagland’s nutrient solution on growth and yield of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.) under different growth stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnain Waheed ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
Adeel Shahid ◽  
Hafiz Haider Ali ◽  
Javaria Nargis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars under water Deficit at different growth stages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi A.A. Mousa ◽  
Adel D. Al Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
King Abdulaziz University ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at the Agriculture Experimental Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the effects of water deficit treatments at different growth stages on growth, yield and IWUE on cowpea cultivars. Four water deficit treatments were applied T0 (no water deficit), T1 (at vegetative stage), T2 (at flowering and pod setting), T3 (at pod filling), T4 (at vegetative and flowering) and T5 (at flowering and pod filling). The cultivars ‘Balady’ under water deficit T1, T3 and T4 and ‘Cream7’under T1 and T2 produced the highest yield component parameters except number of pods/plant. The highest yield of dry seeds kg/ha was produced by the cultivars ‘Cream7’ under water deficit T1 and T3 and ‘Balady’ under T2. ‘Cream7’ and ‘Balady’ revealed the highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under water deficit T1, T2 and T4. High seed yield of ‘Balady and ‘Cream7’ can be obtained by applying water deficit at vegetative stage (T1).

scholarly journals Field Screening of Cowpea Genotypes for Alkaline Soil Tolerance

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
A. Graves Gillaspie ◽  
Adolfo Quiles
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis

Cowpea or Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important legume crop used as a feed for livestock, as a green vegetable, and for consumption of its dry beans, which provide 22% to 25% protein. The crop is very sensitive to alkaline soil conditions. When grown at soil pH of 7.5 or higher, cowpea develops severe leaf chlorosis caused by deficiencies of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) resulting in stunted plant growth and yield reduction. We evaluated in replicated field experiments at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico, 24 PIs and two commercial cultivars, some of which have shown some tolerance to alkaline soils in unreplicated, seed regeneration plots of the U.S. cowpea collection. Alkaline soil conditions at St. Croix were too severe resulting in average yield of genotypes at this location being significantly lower and 77% less than that at Juana Díaz. Nevertheless, some genotypes performed well at both locations. For example, PIs 222756, 214354, 163142, 582605, 582840, 255766, 582610, 582614, 582576, 582809, and 349674 yielded in the upper half of the group at both locations. Accession PI 163142 ranked third in grain yield production at both locations and outyielded the iron-chlorosis-resistant controls at St. Croix. These genotypes deserve further attention as potential sources of alkaline soil tolerance.

scholarly journals Amelioration Effect of Soil Amendment on Growth and Yield of Vigna unguiculata L. Grown in Acidic and Alkaline Soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
E. A. Effa ◽  
I. R. Udosen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Aim: Amelioration effect of soil amendment on growth and yield of Vigna unguiculata L. grown in acidic and alkaline soils. Study Design: The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Calabar, Nigeria, between May and September, 2017. Methodology: Composite soils from two locations Akamkpa (pH 4.0) and Odukpani (pH 9.0) were collected, mixed thoroughly with organic manure (OM) and agricultural lime (AL) singly and in combination, allowed to stay three weeks for proper blending before V. unguiculata seeds were sown. On seedlings germination, amelioration effect of soil amendment on growth and yield of cowpea grown in acidic and alkaline soils was studied at different periods of growth. Results: Results revealed significant (P=0.05) increase in leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, leaf fresh and leaf dry weight, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio of V. unguiculata grown in acidic and alkaline soils treated with OM and AL. Pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, number of seeds plant-1, weight of 100 seeds increased significantly. Organic manure used singly and in combination was more effective in ameliorating soil pH effect than AL. Vigna unguiculata performed better in treated and untreated alkaline than in acidic soils. Least plant height for V. unguiculata grown in untreated alkaline soil at 12 weeks after sowing WAS was 60.22±0.16a cm and highest 119.63E2±.35g cm for plants grown in soil treated with AL1+OM1. Least number of seeds plant-1 for plants grown in untreated acidic soil at 12 WAS was 90.60±0.02a and the highest 139.18E2±0.02e for plants grown in soil treated with AL1+OM1. Conclusion: An improvement in growth and seed yield of V. unguiculata grown in acidic and alkaline soils is feasible through the use of organic manure and agricultural lime.

Leaf area durations and grain yields of two tropical rice varieties

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
PC Owen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A series of differing leaf area index regimes during the growth of two tropical rice varieties was produced by partial defoliation at different growth stages. In addition, part of the crop was completely defoliated after panicle emergence. Comparison of the effects of the range of leaf area durations (D) thus produced showed that these rice varieties differed from temperate climate cereals. Grain yields were least associated with D after panicle emergence, but were most influenced by D before emergence. This effect is mainly via an influence upon the number of spikelets formed per panicle. Grain : leaf ratio, a measure of photosynthetic efficiency, was considerably lower than values reported for wheat.

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