scholarly journals Physical Feature Encoding and Word Recognition Abilities Are Altered in Children with Intractable Epilepsy: Preliminary Neuromagnetic Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pardos ◽  
Milena Korostenskaja ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Hisako Fujiwara ◽  
Ki H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Feature Encoding ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective evaluation of language function is critical for children with intractable epilepsy under consideration for epilepsy surgery. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate word recognition in children with intractable epilepsy by using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Ten children with intractable epilepsy (M/F 6/4, mean ± SD 13.4 ± 2.2 years) were matched on age and sex to healthy controls. Common nouns were presented simultaneously from visual and auditory sensory inputs in “match” and “mismatch” conditions. Neuromagnetic responses M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 with latencies of ~100 ms, ~150 ms, ~250 ms, ~350 ms, and ~450 ms, respectively, elicited during the “match” condition were identified. Compared to healthy children, epilepsy patients had both significantly delayed latency of the M1 and reduced amplitudes of M3 and M5 responses. These results provide neurophysiologic evidence of altered word recognition in children with intractable epilepsy.

scholarly journals QUALITY-OF-LIFE OUTCOMES AND ACADEMIC CONCERNS FOLLOWING PEDIATRIC CONCUSSION: INITIAL FINDINGS FROM THE PRISM CONCUSSION RIG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0014
Author(s):  
David R. Howell ◽  
Matthew Fazekas ◽  
Matthew Grady ◽  
Mark Halstead ◽  
Christina L. Master ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Concussion is a complicated injury that affects many facets of life in children and adolescents. Neurocognitive and self-reported symptom outcomes are commonly used to understand post-concussion effects. The degree to which concussion affects quality-of-life (QoL) and school performance remains difficult to determine among this age group. Purposes and Hypotheses: Our first purpose was to compare QoL domains using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) among concussed children to healthy children. We hypothesized that concussed children would report worse QoL than controls. Our second purpose was to identify school-related difficulties that children encounter post-concussion. We hypothesized that the majority of patients would report moderate-to-high academic concerns. Methods: We conducted a multi-site study of patients evaluated at pediatric sports medicine centers and healthy controls undergoing pre-participation physical examinations. All participants were less than 19 years of age and those with a concussion were evaluated <14 days post-injury. Our primary outcomes were derived from PROMIS and Concussion Learning Assessment and School Survey (CLASS) questionnaires. The CLASS was completed only among the concussed group. We compared PROMIS outcomes using Mann Whitney U tests and constructed linear regression models to control for the effect of age and sex. Results: Forty-four individuals participated: 22 with concussion and 22 controls. No significant differences were noted between groups in regard to sex or age. On average, the concussion group missed 2.8 days of school, required 25 days for symptom resolution, and 40 days until return to sports clearance ( Table 1 ). The concussion group reported significantly worse mobility, fatigue, pain interference, and pain visual analog scale (VAS) ratings than the control group ( Table 2 ). After adjusting for age and sex, the concussion group still had significantly worse mobility (β=6.6; 95% CI=4.8,8.4), fatigue (β=6.8; 95% CI=4.5,9.2), pain interference (β=6.1; 95% CI=3.5,8.7), and pain VAS ratings (β=4.5; 95% CI=3.7,5.3) than healthy controls. Among the concussed cohort, 52% reported a moderate or very high overall concern related to the perceived effect their concussion had on school performance with 50% reporting that headaches interfered with their schoolwork and 55% reporting that reading/English were the most troubling classes ( Table 3 ). Conclusion: Within 14 days of injury, concussed children reported significantly worse mobility, fatigue and pain outcomes relative to healthy controls, and reported troubling academic concerns related to their injury. Assessment of patient-reported outcomes following concussion may provide valuable insights to direct management plans beyond typical assessments of concussion symptoms or neurocognitive function. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Folate and Cobalamin Serum Levels in Healthy Children and Adolescents and Their Association with Age, Sex, BMI and Socioeconomic Status

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Paulina Kreusler ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Anja Willenberg ◽  
Ronny Baber ◽  
Yvonne Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Age And Sex

This study proposes age- and sex-specific percentiles for serum cobalamin and folate, and analyzes the effects of sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) on cobalamin and folate concentrations in healthy children and adolescents. In total, 4478 serum samples provided by healthy participants (2 months–18.0 years) in the LIFE (Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases) Child population-based cohort study between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Continuous age-and sex-related percentiles (2.5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 97.5th) were estimated, applying Cole’s LMS method. In both sexes, folate concentrations decreased continuously with age, whereas cobalamin concentration peaked between three and seven years of age and declined thereafter. Female sex was associated with higher concentrations of both vitamins in 13- to 18-year-olds and with higher folate levels in one- to five-year-olds. BMI was inversely correlated with concentrations of both vitamins, whilst SES positively affected folate but not cobalamin concentrations. To conclude, in the assessment of cobalamin and folate status, the age- and sex-dependent dynamic of the respective serum concentrations must be considered. While BMI is a determinant of both vitamin concentrations, SES is only associated with folate concentrations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Roger C. Ho ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Benjamin Y. Q. Tan ◽  
Alison Y. Y. Ng ◽  
Yit-Shiang Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study

Impaired sense of smell occurs in a fraction of patients with COVID-19 infection, but its effect on cerebral activity is unknown. Thus, this case report investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection on frontotemporal cortex activity during olfactory stimuli. In this preliminary study, patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection (n = 6) and healthy controls who never contracted COVID-19 (n = 6) were recruited. Relative changes in frontotemporal cortex oxy-hemoglobin during olfactory stimuli was acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The area under curve (AUC) of oxy-hemoglobin for the time interval 5 s before and 15 s after olfactory stimuli was derived. In addition, olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-identification test (SIT-12). Patients had lower SIT-12 scores than healthy controls (p = 0.026), but there were no differences in oxy-hemoglobin AUC between healthy controls and patients (p > 0.05). This suggests that past COVID-19 infection may not affect frontotemporal cortex function, and these preliminary results need to be verified in larger samples.

Decreased Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110100
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Miao Hou ◽  
Wanping Zhou ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is an early noninvasive marker of endothelial function and it predicts future cardiovascular disease. However, the changes in FMD among T1DM children are still controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether FMD is impaired in children with T1DM. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched for studies comparing FMD in children with T1DM and healthy controls. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for case–control studies was used to assess study quality. Data were pooled using a random effects models to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMD) in FMD and 95% CIs. Overall, 19 studies with 1245 patients and 872 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Children with T1DM had significantly lower FMDs compared with healthy controls (WMD: −2.58; 95% CI: −3.36 to −1.81; P < .001). Meta-regression analysis revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels impacted the observed difference in FMD between T1DM and healthy children. This meta-analysis showed that T1DM children have impaired endothelial function, which indicates they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in later life.

scholarly journals Reactive arthritis and undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis share human leucocyte antigen B27 subtypes and serum and synovial fluid cytokine profiles

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Ranjan Parida ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Sakir Ahmed ◽  
Smriti Chaurasia ◽  
Ratnadeep Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Human Leucocyte Antigen ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives Peripheral SpA (pSpA) is comprised of ReA, PsA, enteritis-associated arthritis and undifferentiated pSpA (upSpA). ReA and upSpA share T cell oligotypes and metabolomics in serum and SF. We investigated HLA-B27 subtypes and cytokines in serum and SF that were compared between ReA and upSpA. Methods ReA and upSpA were compared in two cohorts. In cohort I (44 ReA and 56 upSpA), HLA-B27 subtyping was carried out. In cohort II (17 ReA and 21 upSpA), serum and SF cytokines were compared using a multiplex cytokine bead assay (27 cytokines). A total of 28 healthy controls with similar age and sex to cohort II were included for comparison of serum cytokine levels. Results In cohort I, HLA-B27 was positive in 81.8% (36/44) of ReA and 85.71% (48/56) of upSpA patients. HLA-B27 typing was successful in 70 patients (30 ReA and 40 uSpA). HLA-B*2705 was the most common, followed by HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2707. Frequencies were the same between ReA and upSpA. In cohort II, 14 cytokines were detectable in the serum of patients. The levels of eight cytokines were higher than in the controls. The cytokine levels of ReA and upSpA were similar. Sixteen cytokines were detectable in the SF of patients. There was no statistical difference in the levels between ReA and upSpA. The cytokine profiles in sera and SF were also similar among HLA-B27-positive and negative patients. Conclusion ReA and upSpA have similar HLA-B27 subtype associations and similar cytokine profiles. They should be considered as a single entity during studies as well as clinical management.

Three-dimensional Modeling of the Various Volumes of Canines to Determine Age and Sex: A Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Tardivo ◽  
Julien Sastre ◽  
Michel Ruquet ◽  
Lionel Thollon ◽  
Pascal Adalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Lingual–Alveolar Contact Pressure During Speech in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Preliminary Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Searl ◽  
Stephanie Knollhoff ◽  
Richard J. Barohn
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Contact Pressures ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Purpose This preliminary study on lingual–alveolar contact pressures (LACP) in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) had several aims: (a) to evaluate whether the protocol induced fatigue, (b) to compare LACP during speech (LACP-Sp) and during maximum isometric pressing (LACP-Max) in people with ALS (PALS) versus healthy controls, (c) to compare the percentage of LACP-Max utilized during speech (%Max) for PALS versus controls, and (d) to evaluate relationships between LACP-Sp and LACP-Max with word intelligibility. Method Thirteen PALS and 12 healthy volunteers produced /t, d, s, z, l, n/ sounds while LACP-Sp was recorded. LACP-Max was obtained before and after the speech protocol. Word intelligibility was obtained from auditory–perceptual judgments. Results LACP-Max values measured before and after completion of the speech protocol did not differ. LACP-Sp and LACP-Max were statistically lower in the ALS bulbar group compared with controls and PALS with only spinal symptoms. There was no statistical difference between groups for %Max. LACP-Sp and LACP-Max were correlated with word intelligibility. Conclusions It was feasible to obtain LACP-Sp measures without inducing fatigue. Reductions in LACP-Sp and LACP-Max for bulbar speakers might reflect tongue weakness. Although confirmation of results is needed, the data indicate that individuals with high word intelligibility maintained LACP-Sp at or above 2 kPa and LACP-Max at or above 50 kPa.

Foot Function in Patients With Surgically Treated Preaxial Polydactyly of the Foot Compared With Age- and Sex-Matched Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Elise B. Burger ◽  
Shaktie A. Lalé ◽  
Steven E. R. Hovius ◽  
Christianne A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Sicco A. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Peak Pressures ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Treatment of preaxial foot polydactyly, a duplication of the first ray, consists of excision of an extra ray, aiming to improve shoe fitting and aesthetic appearance, while maintaining foot function. Currently, the effect of excision on foot function and foot-related patient experiences is unclear. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison between 37 children treated for preaxial foot polydactyly and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was performed. Dynamic foot function was assessed using plantar pressure measurements and static foot characteristics by physical examination. Patient-reported outcomes for foot function and footwear were evaluated, using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (score, 0-100). Results: Compared with controls, patients had significantly lower median peak pressures at the hallux (148 kPa [IQR, 98-245] vs 272 kPa [IQR, 205-381], P < .001) and significantly higher peak pressures at the second metatarsal (217 kPa [IQR, 147-338] vs 166 kPa [IQR, 141-235], P = .002) and third to fifth metatarsals (214 kPa [IQR, 147-290] vs 161 kPa [IQR, 135-235], P < .001). Additionally, patients had a more medially deviated hallux, both while seated (15 degrees (IQR, 11-20) vs 12 degrees [IQR, 10-15], P = .001) and standing (20 degrees [IQR, 15-26] vs 18 degrees [IQR, 15-20], P = .001). No significant correlation between peak pressure distribution and hallux deviation was found. Patients reported minimal problems with foot function (87.5 [IQR, 64.6-100]), but distinct problems with footwear use (50.0 [IQR, 25.0-100]). Conclusion: Patients with surgically treated preaxial foot polydactyly had a substantially altered plantar pressure distribution with more lateral foot progression than healthy controls. Although an increased hallux deviation was not related to altered foot function, it seemed to be the reason for the patient-perceived problems with footwear. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria by Antigen Detection

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Mesbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Murshed Alam ◽  
Abdul Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Age And Sex

The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen, using microscopy as the "gold standard" method for diagnosis of malaria. A total of 98 clinically suspected malaria patients and another 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Thick and thin films were also prepared and examined under microscope as well as Immunochromatographic test (ICT) was performed for malaria antigen. Sensitivity and specificity of ICT for antigen were 93.22% and 94.87% respectively. Keywords: Detection of malaria antigen, Immunochromatographic test   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2965 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 14-16

scholarly journals The appropriacy of fluency tests in assessing epileptic seizure lateralization in children with partial epilepsy

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211
Author(s):  
Jasmina Vuksanovic ◽  
Milena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Seizure Focus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Right

Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.

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