scholarly journals Essential Oils from Ugandan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: Chemical Composition and Growth Inhibitory Effects on Oral Pathogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Ocheng ◽  
Freddie Bwanga ◽  
Moses Joloba ◽  
Abier Softrata ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Broth Dilution

The study assessed the growth inhibitory effects of essential oils extracted from ten Ugandan medicinal plants (Bidens pilosa, Helichrysum odoratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina, Hoslundia opposita, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Teclea nobilis, Zanthoxylum chalybeum,andLantana trifolia) used traditionally in the management of oral diseases against oral pathogens. Chemical compositions of the oils were explored by GC-MS. Inhibitory effects of the oils were assessed on periodontopathicPorphyromonas gingivalisandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansand cariogenicStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillus acidophilususing broth dilution methods at concentrations of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01%. The most sensitive organism wasA. actinomycetemcomitans. Its growth was markedly inhibited by six of the oils at all the concentrations tested. Essential oil fromC. nardusexhibited the highest activity with complete growth inhibition ofA. actinomycetemcomitansandP. gingivalisat all the three concentrations tested, the major constituents in the oil being mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Most of the oils exhibited limited effects onL. acidophilus. We conclude that essential oils from the studied plants show marked growth inhibitory effects on periodontopathicA. actinomycetemcomitansandP. gingivalis, moderate effects on cariogenicS. mutans, and the least effect onL. acidophilus. The present study constitutes a basis for further investigations and development of certain oils into alternative antiplaque agents.

scholarly journals Biphasic Effects of Geranylgeraniol, Teprenone, and Phytol on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1770-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Toshiko Hada ◽  
Akiko Shiraishi ◽  
Kazuma Hirose ◽  
Hajime Hamashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Broth Dilution

ABSTRACT We examined the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of three diterpenes, namely, geranylgeraniol, teprenone, and phytol, by using a broth dilution with shaking method to identify the effects of diterpenes with long aliphatic carbon chains. We also performed time-kill assays and measured the leakage of K+ ions from bacterial cells in response to these diterpenes. The diterpenes used inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of 0.15 μg/ml, as determined by damage to the cell membranes, and had clear bactericidal activity. However, the inhibitory effects of the diterpenes decreased when the concentration of each was raised above a certain level. The diterpenes tested in this study appeared to have both growth-inhibitory and growth-accelerating effects, and the net effect of each depended on its concentration.

The chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of Pycnocycla spinosa and Pycnocyla flabellifolia essential oils

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Elaheh Mahdizadeh ◽  
Rezvan Heidary Tabar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract The purpose of our study was to compare the chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Pycnocycla spinosa and Pycnocycla flabellifolia essential oils. cis-Asarone (62.5%) and widdra-2,4(14)-diene (9%) were the main components of P. spinosa aerial part essential oil, while elemicin (60.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.8%) were the main components of P. spinosa seed essential oil. α-Phellandrene (25.5%), p-cymene (15.3%), and limonene (13.3%) were found in P. flabellifolia essential oil. The inhibition zone diameters for P. flabellifolia essential oil were significantly higher than for the two other essential oils from P. spinosa (p<0.05). In broth dilution assay (µL/mL), the sensitive microorganism to Pycnocycla sp. (P. spinosa, P. flabellifolia) was Aspergillus niger, followed by Candida albicans. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system, P. spinosa aerial parts essential oil (IC50=548 µg/mL) had higher antioxidant activity than that of two other essential oils.

scholarly journals Determination of the Allelopathic Potential of Cambodia’s Medicinal Plants Using the Dish Pack Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9062
Author(s):  
Yourk Sothearith ◽  
Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽  
Hossein Mardani ◽  
Takashi Motobayashi ◽  
Suzuki Yoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Volatile Allelochemicals ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Cymbidium Aloifolium

Plants produce several chemically diverse bioactive substances that may influence the growth and development of other organisms when released into the environment in a phenomenon called allelopathy. Several of these allelopathic species also have reported medicinal properties. In this study, the potential allelopathic effects of more than a hundred medicinal plants from Cambodia were tested using the dish pack method. The dish pack bioassay method specifically targets volatile allelochemicals. Twenty-five species were found to have significant inhibitory effects on lettuce radicle growth. Eleven different plant families, including Iridaceae (2), Apocynaceae (2), Poaceae (2), Sapindaceae, Araceae, Combretaceae, Orchidaceae, Clusiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae and Asparagaceae had the plant species with high inhibitory effects. Allophyllus serrulatus had the highest growth inhibitory effect on lettuce radicles more than 60%, followed by Alocasia macrorrhiza, Iris pallida, Terminalia triptera, Wrightia tomentosa, Cymbidium aloifolium, Garcinia villersiana and Kaempferia parviflora. The candidate species were subjected to further studies to identify the volatile allelochemicals in the volatile constituents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects against Oral Pathogens and Cytotoxicity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Extract

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Yi Yang ◽  
Yu-Ri Choi ◽  
Myung-Jin Lee ◽  
Min-Kyung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Dental Applications

We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and its biocompatibility for dental applications. The antimicrobial activity of the G. uralensis extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 µg/mL was assessed using agar disk diffusion tests, counting the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs), spectrophotometric growth inhibitory assays, and microbial morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Merin, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). We measured the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of G. uralensis extracts using ultraviolet–visible spectrometry and the cytotoxicity of these extracts using an MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We identified that G. uralensis extracts had significant antimicrobial effects against S. mutans and C. albicans. The optical density of the experimental groups significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. SEM images revealed that the G. uralensis extract affected the morphology and density of S. mutans and C. albicans. The extract concentration of flavonoids, but not polyphenols, increased with increasing concentrations of the G. uralensis extract. Furthermore, cell viabilities were more than 70% for G. uralensis extracts with concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. Naturally derived G. uralensis is biocompatible and exhibits an excellent antimicrobial effect against oral pathogens such as S. mutans and C. albicans. Thus, G. uralensis extracts can be used for the development of oral products that treat and prevent oral diseases.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterisation and Biological Effects of Essential Oils of Four Gabonese Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Elvis Jolinom Mbot ◽  
Cédric Sima Obiang ◽  
Maximilienne Ascenssion Nyegue ◽  
Bill Raphaël Bikanga ◽  
Huguette Agnaniet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Aims: The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activities of essential oils of four species of aromatic plants of Gabonese origin obtained by hydrodistillation. Methods: All the samples were examined by chromatographic analyzes and by GC / MS coupling. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: The most common compounds found in essential oils were terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The major constituents are β-phellandrene (56.3%), β-pinene (11%) and myrcene (10.4%). The three bacterial strains used are sensitive to essential oils. However, some essential oils stood out with greater spectra of action compared to others, such as Maranthes gabunensis and Mammea africana which showed activity against all strains. The inhibition parameters (MIC and CMB) are between 0.78 and 25 mg / mL. Some oils have shown bacteriostatic and / or bactericidal activity on the targeted strains. Conclusion: The essential oils studied present a diversity of chemical compositions and good antibacterial activities.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Potentials of Trichoderma harzianum and Two Botanicals against Fungi Associated with Postharvest Rots of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. A. Sobowale ◽  
P. O. Owootomo ◽  
C. R. Agbawodike
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Control Growth

The mycoparasitic potentials of Trichoderma harzianum, and growth inhibitory effects of Vernonia amygdalina (bitterleaf) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) on rot fungi in Ipomoea batata were examined. Rotting tubers were collected from Agbowo, Ojoo and Bodija markets in Ibadan. They were taken to the laboratory under sterile conditions. Different concentrations of the plants’ extracts and spore suspensions of T. harzianum were prepared. The fungi isolated from the rotting tubers were later cultured on plates impregnated with different concentrations of the extracts and T. harzianum. Incubation was done at 28ºC for 14 days. Data collection was done at 24 hours interval. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. T. harzianum at 1 x 10-3 had a significantly (p≤ 0.05) better pathogens’ inhibition than 1 x 10-5. Inoculation of T. harzianum before the pathogens gave total inhibition. Inhibition of A. niger was significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher than R. stolonifer. Plant extracts from ethanol gave significantly (p≤ 0.05) better pathogens’ inhibitions than that from distilled water. Extracts from both plants gave significantly (p≤ 0.05) better growth inhibition than control. Growth inhibition was significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher at absolute concentration of both extracts than other concentrations. Extract from ginger gave significantly (p≤ 0.05) better inhibition than that from bitter leaf. F-values for model (P> 0.0001) and concentrations (P> 0.0024) for the T. harzianum were highly significant. F-values for model (P> 0.0001), concentration (P>0.0001) and treatment (P>0.0001) for the plants extracts were also highly significant. The results further underscore the mycoparasitic potentials of T. harzianum as well as growth inhibitory effects of Z. officinale and V. amygdalina on fungi rot pathogens of Ipomoea batata.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of different medicinal plants on Candida albicans growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5995-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZORAN TAMBUR ◽  
DESANKA CENIĆ MILOŠEVIĆ ◽  
IVAN MILEUSNIĆ ◽  
RADOJE DODER ◽  
MARJAN MARJANOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal properties of ethanol extracts and essential oils of medicinal plants from Serbia against Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231. Ethanol extracts of fifteen plants were investigated, and their effects were compared with those of three different essential oils. The sensitivity of C. albicans to all plants was tested by the agar dilution method. The assay plates were estimated to contain 300, 150, 75, and 37.5 µg/ml of active extracts and 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 µg/ml of active essential oils. Inocula were applied to agar surfaces, giving approximately 106 cfu/ml of C. albicans. No inhibitory effects were observed for ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum and Salvia officinalis (MIC &gt; 300 µg/ml). The most effective were the ethanol extract of Aesculus hippocastanum (MIC = 37.5 µg/ml) and the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii (MIC = 12.5 µg/ml). Other plants showed MIC from 25 to 300 µg/ml. As far as we know, the inhibitory effects of these medicinal plants against the reference strain of C. albicans have not been commonly investigated in our country. Although the essential oil of Satureja kitaibelii shows strong activity against C. albicans, these results need clinical evaluation..

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Suraj Prakash ◽  
Radha ◽  
Neeraj Kumari ◽  
Ashok Pundir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases

Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person’s health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils of Selected Medicinal Plants from Thùa Thiên-Huế Province, Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Dai ◽  
Le T. Huong ◽  
Nguyen H. Hung ◽  
Tran D. Thang ◽  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions
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