scholarly journals Evaluation of AgNORs in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Berria Tomazelli ◽  
Filipe Modolo ◽  
Elena Riet Correa Rivero
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually preceded by detectable mucosal changes, as leukoplakias and erythroplakia. Histologically, these lesions can range from hyperkeratosis and acanthosis to epithelial dysplasia and even OSCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferative activity, using AgNORs quantification proteins, in low- and high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia, OSCC, and nondysplastic epithelium (inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia). The sample was divided into 4 groups: G1: 10 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH), G2: 11 cases of low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LD), G3: 10 cases of high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HD), and G4: 11 cases of OSCC. The quantitative analysis was performed using an image processing software in photomicrographs at 1000x magnification. The one-way ANOVA was used for comparison of the mean AgNORs counts between the study groups. The mean AgNORs count was significantly higherP≤0.01in OSCC when compared to IFH and the LD; however, it was not statistically different from HD. The mean number of LD was significantly lower than the HD and OSCC, with no difference related to IFH. AgNORs quantification can be an important and cheap method to help in the determination of the degree of epithelial dysplasia and, consequently, in the analysis of their potential for malignant transformation.

scholarly journals SAVER: sodium valproate for the epigenetic reprogramming of high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia—a phase II randomised control trial study protocol

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline McCarthy ◽  
Joseph Sacco ◽  
Stefano Fedele ◽  
Michael Ho ◽  
Stephen Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Abstract Background Sodium valproate (VPA) has been associated with a reduced risk of head and neck cancer development. The potential protective mechanism of action is believed to be via inhibition of histone deacetylase and subsequent epigenetic reprogramming. SAVER is a phase IIb open-label, randomised control trial of VPA as a chemopreventive agent in patients with high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The aim of the trial is to gather preliminary evidence of the clinical and biological effects of VPA upon OED and assess the feasibility and acceptability of such a trial, with a view to inform a future definitive phase III study. Methods One hundred and ten patients with high-risk OED will be recruited from up to 10 secondary care sites in the UK and randomised into either VPA or observation only for 4 months. Women of childbearing potential will be excluded due to the teratogenic properties of VPA. Tissue and blood samples will be collected prior to randomisation and on the last day of the intervention/observation-only period (end of 4 months). Clinical measurement and additional safety bloods will be taken at multiple time points during the trial. The primary outcome will be a composite, surrogate endpoint of change in lesion size, change in grade of dysplasia and change in LOH profile at 8 key microsatellite regions. Feasibility outcomes will include recruitment targets, compliance with the study protocol and adverse effects. A qualitative sub-study will explore patient experience and perception of the trial. Discussion The current management options for patients with high-risk OED are limited and mostly include surgical resection and clinical surveillance. However, there remains little evidence whether surgery can effectively lead to a notable reduction in the risk of oral cancer development. Similarly, surveillance is associated with concerns regarding delayed diagnosis of OED progressing to malignancy. The SAVER trial provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of a repurposed, inexpensive and well-tolerated medication as a potential chemopreventive strategy for patients with high-risk OED. The clinical and biological findings of SAVER will inform the appropriateness, design and feasibility of a definitive phase III trial. Trial registration The trial is registered with the European Clinical Trials Database (Eudra-CT 2018-000197-30). (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12448611). The trial was prospectively registered on 24/04/2018.

Evaluation and Quantification of Cytomorphometry in Conjunction with Visual Examination and Exfoliative Cytology in Early Diagnosis of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasudha Singh ◽  
Mudita Bhargava ◽  
Kachnar Varma ◽  
Vatsala Misra ◽  
Richa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Incidence of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very high in south Asian countries as compared to western population owing to a greater use of tobacco in these regions. While visual examination and exfoliative cytology are the most common screening and diagnostic modalities at present, it is a subjective analysis. Quantitative analyses such as nuclear size, cell size, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio may provide an accurate diagnosis and improve reproducibility. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of morphometry as a diagnostic adjunct to exfoliative cytology and to derive a significant cutoff to identify the population at risk for development of SCC among chronic tobacco users. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> This was an outpatient-based prospective study done in a tertiary hospital over a period of 2 years. Hundred and fifty cases with a history of chronic tobacco use for a minimum period of 5 years were evaluated. Visual inspection using acetic acid was done. Oral scrapes were taken for cytological and morphometric analysis followed by incision biopsy for histopathological evaluation, wherever possible. <b><i>Results:</i></b> On morphometrical analysis, mean nuclear area and nuclear:cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio increased, while the cytoplasmic area decreased from smears with normal cytology to oral dysplasia to SCC. Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s honest significant difference test showed a statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (<i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.05). A cutoff value for a significant N:C ratio was calculated as ≥0.08 using Youden’s index with a sensitivity and a specificity of 88% and 94%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In high-risk cases, morphometry can be a useful adjunct to exfoliative cytology and visual examination for an early and accurate diagnosis and timely intervention in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions, thereby improving the prognosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fungal hyphae in potentially malignant lesions and conditions-does its occurrence play a role in epithelial dysplasia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
BhagyalaxmiPraveen Hongal ◽  
VenkateshV Kulkarni ◽  
PriyaShirish Joshi ◽  
PrasadPrakash Karande ◽  
AdilS Shroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Malignant Lesions

scholarly journals Effects of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift on their distress levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Eman Ali Moselhi Mater ◽  
Huda Shawky Mahamud ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background and aim: The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a stressful environment for high risk neonates. Persistent bright light is one of the main environmental stressors that are distressed newborn infants in NICU. Cycled lighting may decrease distress level of newborn infants by enhancing calming status. This study aimed to investigate effects of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift on their distress levels.Methods: Quasi experimental research design was carried out on a randomized sample of 60 newborn infants attending the NICU of El Manial University Hospital (Kasr Al Ainy), (30 control group and 30 study group). Neonatal assessment tool and COMFORTneoNRS scale were utilized for data collection.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between control and study groups regarding the distress levels (p < .00). The mean score of distress levels were 6.80 ± 1.80 and 0.80 ± 1.15 respectively and the mean score of comfort levels in the newborn infants in the control and study groups were 23.22 ± 5.50 and 6.60 ± 1.06 respectively. Eye coved enhanced quite sleep (66.7%), relaxed muscle (73.3%), decrease movement (66.7%) and no crying (85.7%).Conclusions: The use of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift is effective to decrease their distress level and improve their comfort state in the morning shift by promoting quite sleep and relaxation. Recommendations: The educational program is needed to raise awareness among neonatal nurses about the effect of light reduction methods such as eye patches on the distress level and comfort state that enhances the growth and development of newborn infants.

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