scholarly journals Ectoparasites Prevalence in Small Ruminants in and around Sekela, Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewdu Seyoum ◽  
Tsegaye Tadesse ◽  
Agerie Addisu
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Melophagus Ovinus ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and type of ectoparasites and to identify risk factors associated with ectoparasite infestations in small ruminants in and around Sekela, Northwest Ethiopia. Clinical examination and laboratory analysis were made on 304 sheep and 96 goats. The collected raw data were analyzed using χ2-test. Out of the 400 sampled animals, 182 (45.5%) were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The prevalent ectoparasites observed were lice, ticks, Ctenocephalides species, Melophagus ovinus, and Demodex species. The infestation rates of ectoparasites with age and sex were significantly varied (P<0.05) in sheep but not in goats (P>0.05). Body condition score was not significantly associated (P>0.05) with ectoparasites infestation in both sheep and goats. In our attempt, only two cases due to Demodex species were recorded in sheep. In conclusion, the prevalence of ectoparasites in the present study was high and this could affect the wellbeing and productivity of small ruminants. Therefore, to reduce ectoparasites prevalence and impact on the productivity and health status, planning of integrated control measures with sustainable veterinary services aiming at creating awareness about the importance and control of ectoparasites for livestock owners is required.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Rida Bashir ◽  
Majid Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Afzal ◽  
Sami Simsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ectoparasite Infestation

Ectoparasites, including lice, ticks, and mites, inhabit the host skin and depend on their host for sustenance, maturation, and multiplication. Among these, ticks are more prevalent in various regions of Pakistan because of favorable climatic conditions, lack of awareness of livestock keepers' regarding ectoparasite infestation rate, insufficient veterinary services, and inadequate control measures. Ectoparasitic infestation is a primary threat to cost-effective livestock production by damaging skin and transmitting multiple diseases between animals. This review aimed to determine the infestation rates of various ectoparasites in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, equids and to ascertain the prevalence and epidemiology of ectoparasites in different regions of Pakistan. This review could be useful in devising prevention and control strategies and identifying the risk factors associated with ectoparasites to enhance animal productivity. It provides directions for veterinary schools, researchers, and organizations aiming to collaborate with neighboring countries to eradicate these parasites. Future studies could support working veterinarians and administrators and contribute to human well-being.

scholarly journals 178 Use of silvopastures and woodlands to expand the grazing opportunity for small ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
Uma Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Pasture-based small-ruminant farming is a popular enterprise in the Southeast, especially for small and limited-resource producers. Although woodlands occupy a majority of the land cover in the South and can be a promising resource for raising small ruminants, not much attention has been given on using such resources. A series of studies were conducted at the facilities of Tuskegee University with the overall objective of exploring the potential of using silvopastures and woodlands for raising small ruminants. Grazing studies were conducted from 2015 to 2019 using meat goats and hair sheep in silvopastures and woodland plots. Silvopastures were developed by thinning down the existing woodlands and planting suitable cool- and warm-season forages. Grazing facilities were installed in the study plots and animals were rotationally stocked each year during both cool- and warm-season grazing periods. In 2017, non-pine plants in woodlands were cut to three different heights (ground level and 0.9 m and 1.5 m from the ground level) or left uncut (control) to see the effects on understory vegetation biomass production and utilization by small ruminants. Data on vegetation biomass and quality, canopy height, animal performance and behavior, browsing height, and vegetation preference were collected and analyzed. Small ruminants were found to utilize all planted forages (silvopastures) well and most of the understory plants in woodlands. Vegetation biomass in woodlands increased in areas where non-pine plants were cut versus the control (36–106%; P &lt; 0.0001). Mature animals maintained a desirable body condition score (≥2.6) and FAMACHA score (≤2.6) in woodlands. However, young, growing animals showed a poor live weight gain, especially during some portion of the study. Animals performed well when they were stocked in silvopastures. Both species showed a similar preference for most plant species available in woodlands. Results show a tremendous potential of using silvopastures and woodlands for expanding the grazing opportunity for small ruminants. However, the provision of some supplements would be necessary while stocking young animals in woodlands.

scholarly journals Tylosin injectable for the treatment of porcine proliferative enteropathy in experimentally inoculated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Luisa V.A. Otoni ◽  
Michelle P. Gabardo ◽  
Núbia R. Macêdo ◽  
Mariane M. Wagatsuma ◽  
Marina M. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Medication Group ◽  
Proliferative Enteropathy ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is one of the most common enteric diseases in growing and finishing pigs. PPE is characterized by reduced growth performance, accompanied or not by diarrhea. PPE is highly prevalent in several countries of the Americas, Europe and Asia, causing high economic losses in swine herds. The most common form of PPE control in pigs is antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new product based on tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.) to control PPE in experimentally inoculated animals. Sixty 5-week-old pigs with mean weight of 9.5kg were divided into two experimental groups of 30 animals: medication and control. All pigs were challenged with Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of PPE, on day zero. Fecal score, body condition score, and behavior were daily evaluated. Pigs were weighted on days -2, 13 and 21 of the experiment. Pigs in the Medication Group received tylosin injectable 13 days after inoculation, in three doses with a 12-hour interval between them. Pigs in the Control Group received injectable saline solution following the same protocol. In the Control Group, 23pigs presented with diarrhea before day 13. After day 13, the number of diarrheic animals in this group was reduced to 17. In the Medication Group, 26 pigs presented with diarrhea in the initial period, and in the period after medication, only 11 animals had diarrhea. The score of gross intestinal PPE lesions in the Medication Group was lower than that in the Control Group (p=0.031). The Medication Group also showed lower score for Lawsonia intracellularis antigen-labeling by immunohistochemistry compared with that of the Control Group (p=0.032), showing lower level of infection. These results demonstrate that tylosin injectable (Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A.), administrated in three doses (1mL/20kg) every 12 hours, was effective for the control of PPE in experimentally inoculated pigs.

scholarly journals A serologic study of dengue in northwest Ethiopia: Suggesting preventive and control measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0006430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Ferede ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Ebba Abate ◽  
Yitayih Wondimeneh ◽  
Demekech Damtie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Induction of Ovulation in Mangalarga Marchador Mares by hCG or GnRH

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
José Carlos Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Pábola Santos Nascimento ◽  
Marcelo Tigre Moura ◽  
Sarah Romini Lima Basto ◽  
Marlon Vasconcelos Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
And Control

Background: Induction of ovulation is a key procedure for horse assisted reproduction technologies, such as for artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer. The application of hCG remains as the primary ovulation-inducing agent for horse assisted reproduction, but alternatives are in demand to avoid its adverse effects, such as loss of ovulation-inducing efficiency over multiple applications by hCC-antibody production. Despite reports on alternative ovulation-inducing agents, pair-wise comparisons of such agents under similar conditions have been limited. Under such scenario, the work was aimed to determine the efficiency of both hCG and Buserelin at inducing ovulation in Mangalarga Marchador mares raised in the Northeast of Brazil under an AI program.Materials, Methods & Results: Mares were initially selected based on their reproductive performance, the absence of clinical-reproductive alterations and adequate body condition score. Mares in diestrus were randomly distributed in three experimental conditions, received 5 mg of Dinoprost and were monitored daily for estrus detection. After estrus detection, ovaries were monitored by ultrasonography, in 12-h intervals, until the follicle reached 35 mm. At this time-point, ovulation was induced with 0.042 mg of Buserelin endovenously, with 3,000 IU hCG by an intramuscular shot, and control mares received 2 mL of saline solution, also by an intramuscular shot. Both hCG and Buserelin displayed similar efficiencies (P > 0.05) for induction of ovulation and that both agents were effective (P < 0.05) for such purpose, since greater percentages (P < 0.05) of induction on mares treated from those of the control. Moreover, the total number of ovulations in mares treated at the end of the experiment was not different (P > 0.05) from those found in the Control. All ovulations occurred within a 72-h period after treatment. It can be observed that in mares treated with hCG or Buserelin, ovulations occurred both in more mares (P < 0.05) and at earlier time-points than mares from the control. It is also possible to note that pregnancy was not different (P > 0.05) between hCG and Buserelin groups, and that pregnancy of mares treated with ovulation-inducing factors was similar to the control.Discussion: The majority of ovulations in mares occurred within initial 48-h after treatment for both hCG and GnRH, suggesting a similar potential for horse assisted reproduction. Both hCG and Buserelin are two commonly used agents for induction of ovulation in mares. As described here, the majority of ovulations occurred within initial 48-h after treatment, a fact which can be attributed to hCG and GnRH activity, since it can happen in intervals from 36 to 48-h after treatment. Pregnancy rates did not differ among groups. These results are under the working hypothesis that hCG and Buserelin would display similar efficiencies on pregnancy rates. Despite the understanding of hCG activity on induction of ovulation due to its high specificity toward LH receptors and results from a direct effect on diminishing estradiol concentration, increasing LH, and further inducing ovulation within 48-h after treatment. In contrast, Buserelin has a similar functional property but acts upon LH synthesis and its release. In conclusion, ovulation in mares can be induced with both hCG and Buserelin, and both ovulation-inducing agents do not affect pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals Profil Lendir Serviks Rusa Timor (Cervus Timorensis) Betina Yang Mendapat Suplementasi Mineral Pada Tiap Fase Berahi

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
W. Purwaningsih ◽  
D. Samsudewa ◽  
Y.S. Ondho
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Block Form ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Control

The aims of this research were to observed the effect of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) and selenium (Se) to the abundance, color and spinnbarkeit of cervical mucus. The materials used 10 Timor deer with BCS (Body Condition Score) 2-3,25, poel 2 and had different estrous phase. The parameters were observed the abundance, color and spinnbarkeit of cervical mucus. The data of abundance and color of cervical mucus were analyzed by Mann Whitney U-test and the data of spinnbarkeit were analyzed by t-test. The treatments were zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and magnesium (Mg) supplementation (T1) on mineral block form and control (T0). The results showed that Zn, Se, and Mg supplementation had no significant effect (P>0,05) to the abundance, color and spinnbarkeit of cervical mucus Timor deer on estrous phase. It was caused by the high zinc level on feed, so the cervical mucus profile had no difference between T0 and T1.Key words : Mineral Supplementation, Cervical Mucus, Timor Deer

scholarly journals Fatores de risco associados à hipertensão arterial em idosos

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Suzane Albuquerque dos Santos Fukahori ◽  
Camila Gomes de Moura Nascimento ◽  
Simone Lugon da Silva Almeida ◽  
João Victor Batista Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Perception Of Health

<p>A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica é uma condição clínica com múltiplas causas e é definida por níveis elevados e sustentados de pressão arterial, sendo considerada uma das principais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis que acometem a população idosa. Objetivou-se identificar os fatores de risco associados à hipertensão arterial em idosos. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, por meio das bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, associados ao repositório SciELO, entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, com a utilização dos descritores combinados e síntese dos dados por meio de tabulações. Foram evidenciados como fatores de risco à hipertensão arterial nos idosos: a própria senilidade, o sexo feminino, excesso de peso, pior autopercepção de saúde, não adesão ao tratamento, incapacidade funcional, depressão e a inatividade física. Os resultados mostram o papel dos fatores de riscos para o desenvolvimento e complicações da hipertensão, todavia também são sinais para a detecção precoce e para a ampliação das intervenções de medidas de prevenção e controle nas diversas esferas de atendimento em saúde.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Risk factors associated with arterial hypertension in elderly</em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract: </strong>Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a clinical condition with multiple causes and is defined by elevated and sustained blood arterial pressure levels, being considered one of the main chronic non transmissible diseases that affect the elderly population. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with hypertension in the elderly. The present article deals with an integrative review, with a search carried out in the Virtual Health Library, through the LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE databases, associated with the SciELO repository, between 2010 and 2015 years, using the descriptors combined and synthesis of the data by through tabulations. Senility, female gender, overweight, worse self-perception of health, non-adherence to treatment, functional disability, depression and physical inactivity were evidenced as risk factors for hypertension in the elderly. The results show the role of risk factors for the development and complications of hypertension, but they are also signals for the early detection and for the expansion of the interventions of prevention and control measures in the different health care spheres.</pre>

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Condition Score (BCS), FAMACHA©-Score and Haematological Parameters in Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), and Llamas (Lama glama) Presented at the Veterinary Clinic

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Matthias Gerhard Wagener ◽  
Saskia Neubert ◽  
Teresa Maria Punsmann ◽  
Steffen B. Wiegand ◽  
Martin Ganter
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
South American ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Detection

South American camelids (SAC) are being more and more presented at the veterinary Clinics in Germany. A bad nutritional condition, which can be easily categorized using a body condition score (BCS) of the animals, is often not noticed by the owners. Further anaemia is also often only detected in an advanced stage in SAC. Clinical detection of anaemia can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA©-score (FS), that is adapted from small ruminants. So far, there is only little information available about BCS and FS in SAC. In this study, both clinical scores were assessed in alpacas and llamas presented at the veterinary clinic and compared with the haematological parameters from the animals. The data were extracted retrospectively from the animals’ medical records and compared statistically. More than half of the alpacas (60%) and llamas (70%) had a BCS < 3, while 12% of the alpacas and 21% of the llamas had a FS > 2. A decreased BCS was associated with a decrease in haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, as well as an increase in FS and neutrophils. BCS and FS should be assessed regularly in SAC to detect emaciation and anaemia in time.

Body Condition Score for Monitoring the Performance and Health of Small Ruminants in Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Uma Karki ◽  
Anand Tiwari ◽  
Kendra Norwood ◽  
Ja’Nia Johnson ◽  
Lila B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract Frequent inspection and provision for necessary care are of prime importance for sustainable production and improving the wellbeing of small ruminants. Most small-ruminant farmers are small-scale, with limited resources, and do not have facilities needed for routine evaluation and intensive care of animals. The identification of a predictive variable of animal health and wellbeing would be useful for small ruminant management in field conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the relation of body condition score to other health parameters in meat goats and hair sheep. Performance data (live weight, body condition score (BCS – 1–5: 1- very thin, 5 - obese), and FAMACHA (a 5-color chart used to monitor anemic condition in small ruminants caused by barber pole worm; score - 1–5: 1–2- not anemic, 5 - extremely anemic) of meat goats (Kiko) and hair sheep (Katahdin and Katahdin-St. Croix cross) were collected from different grazing studies conducted from 2015 to 2020 (15) and similar data plus hoof condition (1–3: 1-good, no trimming required; 2 – trimming required; 3 – trimming and additional care required) collected from farmers’ field (6; animals in a herd/flock ranged from 15 to 65) in 2020 were used in this study. Data from each study and for each animal species were analyzed separately for correlation among the performance variables in SAS 9.4, with alpha value set at 0.05. Except for few data sets, correlations between BCS and FAMACHA were negative and significant (P &lt; 0.05) with correlation coefficient (r) ranging from -0.18 to -0.64. BCS was positively correlated with live weight (P &lt; 0.05, r = 0.15–0.76) in most of the studies. In one study, which also included fecal egg count for the quantification of gastrointestinal parasites along with other animal performance variables, BCS was negatively correlated with the total fecal egg count (P &lt; 0.0001, r=-0.38). BCS showed negative correlation with hoof score in goats (P &lt; 0.001, r=-0.33). Results show that BCS can be used as a predictor for small-ruminant health, especially in field conditions where other evaluation methods are not available.

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