scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Promote Cholesterol Efflux and Improve HDL Functionality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Souad Ikhlef ◽  
Abdelouahed Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Hdl Functionality

Results of the present work give evidence from the beneficial role of extra virgin olive of oil (EVOO) consumption towards oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols contained in EVOO are responsible for inhibiting lipoproteins oxidative damages and promoting reverse cholesterol transport process via ABCA1 pathway.

scholarly journals Tyrosol May Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Francesca Pacifici ◽  
Carolina Lane Alves Farias ◽  
Silvia Rea ◽  
Barbara Capuani ◽  
Alessandra Feraco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 μM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 μM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment ( p < 0.05 ). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 μM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Abstract 257: Apolipoprotein M Is Not Present in Prebeta-1 HDL Particles

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita A Freeman ◽  
Robert Shamburek ◽  
Angel Aponte ◽  
Gregory J Kato ◽  
Alan T Remaley
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
2D Gel

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a 25 kD plasma protein present mainly in HDL. It has a hydrophobic pocket for carrying ligands variously reported as retinol, all- trans -retinoic acid, 9- cis -retinoic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and oxidized phospholipids. In addition to mediating the effects of S1P and modulating oxidative stress, apoM has been reported to enhance cholesterol efflux and to increase plasma levels of small, preβ1 HDL, a particle that efficiently accepts cholesterol effluxed from cholesterol-loaded cells and plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. ApoM is present in α-migrating HDL particles but whether it is also present in small preβ1 HDL particles is disputed. Establishing the absence or presence of apoM in preβ1 HDL particles is essential for understanding its role in reverse cholesterol transport. METHODS: We performed native-native 2D gel electrophoresis on healthy volunteer plasma to separate native HDL particles by size and charge. Particles were blotted onto a membrane and probed with antibodies to apoM or apoA-I to identify specific HDL particles associated with apoM. Similar experiments were performed with plasma from patients with apoE-deficiency or from patients with low plasma levels of apoA-I and HDL. We also performed native 1D electrophoresis to visualize lipoprotein particles containing apoM. Finally, native-native 2D gels of purified HDL were used for proteomics of preβ1 particles. RESULTS: apoM was present in two large α-migrating HDL particles and in LDL-sized particles, as well as in one small particle that did not contain apoA-I. apoA-I but not apoE was required for formation of the large apoM-containing HDL particles. The small apoM particle was unaffected in apoA-I- and apoE-deficient patients. apoM was not present in preβ1 particles. CONCLUSION: apoM is not a stable component of small preβ1 apoA-I-containing HDL particles but instead resides mainly in two large HDL molecules and in LDL-sized particles, as well as a small particle that does not contain apoA-I. The role of apoM in cholesterol efflux requires further evaluation.

Long-Term Dietary Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Polyphenols Reverses Age-Related Dysfunctions in Motor Coordination and Contextual Memory in Mice: Role of Oxidative Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pitozzi ◽  
Michela Jacomelli ◽  
Dolores Catelan ◽  
Maurizio Servili ◽  
Agnese Taticchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Contextual Memory ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oil Promotes Macrophage-Specific Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Lídia Cedó ◽  
Sara Fernández-Castillejo ◽  
Laura Rubió ◽  
Jari Metso ◽  
David Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux

The intake of olive oil (OO) enriched with phenolic compounds (PCs) promotes ex vivo HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux in humans. We aimed to determine the effects of PC-enriched virgin OO on reverse cholesterol transport (RevCT) from macrophages to feces in vivo. Female C57BL/6 mice were given intragastric doses of refined OO (ROO) and a functional unrefined virgin OO enriched with its own PC (FVOO) for 14 days. Our experiments included two independent groups of mice that received intragastric doses of the phenolic extract (PE) used to prepare the FVOO and the vehicle solution (saline), as control, for 14 days. FVOO intake led to a significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol and its ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux in vitro when compared with ROO group. This was concomitant with the enhanced macrophage-derived [3H]cholesterol transport to feces in vivo. PE intake per se also increased HDL cholesterol levels and significantly promoted in vivo macrophage-to-feces RevCT rate when compared with saline group. PE upregulated the expression of the main macrophage transporter involved in macrophage cholesterol efflux, the ATP binding cassettea1. Our data provide direct evidence of the crucial role of OO PCs in the induction of macrophage-specific RevCT in vivo.

2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glycoside attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: role of reverse cholesterol transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemeng Chen ◽  
Kun Tang ◽  
Yi Peng ◽  
XiaoLe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protein Expressions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE−/− mice, and explore the mechanisms involved. Our data showed that after 8 weeks of treatment, TSG ameliorated serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in ApoE−/− mice. TSG suppressed hepatic steatosis, the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, and the formation of macrophage foam cells in ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, TSG improved the expressions of hepatic SR-BI, ABCG5, and CYP7A1, and up-regulated the protein expressions of aortic ABCA1 and ABCG1. An in-vitro study showed that TSG promoted macrophage cholesterol efflux and increased the protein expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Our findings provide evidence for a positive role of TSG in preventing atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport. These effects may be achieved by stimulating cholesterol efflux through ABCA1 and ABCG1, promoting SR-BI-mediated cholesterol uptake in the liver, increasing secretion of cholesterol into bile by ABCG5, and improving cholesterol metabolism by the CYP7A1 pathway. In addition, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of TSG may also contribute to its inhibitory effects on atherosclerosis. Further study is needed to investigate whether other potential mechanisms are involved in TSG-mediated atheroprotection.

scholarly journals Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of the Oil from Peony Seeds (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Li-min Song ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Key Indicators

Peony seed oil (PSO) is a novel vegetable oil developed from the seeds of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. The present study aimed to make an overall investigation on the chemical profile and antioxidant activities of PSO for reasonable development and utilization of this new resource food. Chemical analysis revealed that PSO was characterized by an uncommon high portion of α-linolenic acid (>38%), fairly low ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.69), and much higher content of γ-tocopherol than various conventional seed oils. In vitro assay indicated that PSO is a more potent scavenger of free radicals than extra virgin olive oil. Moderate intake of PSO exhibited obvious protection against various oxidative damages such as tetrachloromethane-induced acute liver injury in mice and diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The changes in the key indicators of oxidative injury and fatty acid composition in the liver caused by PSO administration were measured, and the results demonstrated that antioxidant properties of PSO are closely related to their characteristic chemical composition. Consequently, the present study provided new evidence for the health implications of PSO, which deserves further development for medical and nutritional use against oxidative damages that are associated with various diseases.

scholarly journals The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Kandeil ◽  
Sana’a O. Ebrahim ◽  
Basant M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Evening Primrose Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them. Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats. Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days. Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.

scholarly journals Gasdermin D mediates inflammation-induced defects in reverse cholesterol transport and promotes atherosclerosis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Opoku ◽  
Cynthia Alicia Traughber ◽  
David Zhang ◽  
Amanda J Iacano ◽  
Mariam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Direct Role

Nlrp3 inflammasome is activated in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. Gasdermin D (GsdmD) serves as a final executor of Nlrp3 inflammasome activity, by generating membrane pores for the release of mature Interleukin-1beta (IL-b). Inflammation dampens reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and promotes atherogenesis, while anti-IL-1b; antibodies were shown to reduce cardiovascular disease in humans. Though Nlrp3/IL-1b; nexus is an emerging atherogenic pathway, the direct role of GsdmD in atherosclerosis is not yet clear. Here, we used in-vivo Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to show that the GsdmD-/- mice release ~80% less IL-1b; vs WT mice. The GsdmD-/- macrophages were more resistant to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated reduction in cholesterol efflux, showing ~26% decrease vs. ~60% reduction in WT macrophages. GsdmD expression in macrophages exacerbated foam cell formation in an IL-1b; dependent fashion. The GsdmD-/- mice were resistance to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated defect in RCT, with ~32% reduction in plasma RCT vs. ~ 57% reduction in WT mice, ~ 17% reduction in RCT to liver vs. 42% in WT mice, and ~ 37% decrease in RCT to feces vs. ~ 61% in WT mice. The LDLr anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO) induced hyperlipidemic mouse model showed role of GsdmD in promoting atherosclerosis. The GsdmD-/- mice exhibit ~42% decreased atherosclerotic lesion area in females and ~33% decreased lesion area in males vs. WT mice. The atherosclerotic plaque-bearing WT mice showed the presence of cleaved N-terminal fragment of GsdmD, indicating cleavage of GsdmD during atherosclerosis. Our data show that GsdmD mediates inflammation-induced defect in RCT and promotes atherosclerosis.

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