scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite Alters Placental Glucose 1, 3, and 4 Transporters in Balb/c Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Sarahí Gutiérrez-Torres ◽  
Carmen González-Horta ◽  
Luz María Del Razo ◽  
Rocío Infante-Ramírez ◽  
Ernesto Ramos-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Glut1 Expression ◽  
Arsenical Species

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure induces a decrease in glucose type 4 transporter (GLUT4) expression on the adipocyte membrane, which may be related to premature births and low birth weight infants in women exposed to iAs at reproductive age. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) exposure on GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 protein expression and on placental morphology. Female Balb/c mice (n=15) were exposed to 0, 12, and 20 ppm of NaAsO2in drinking water from 8th to 18th day of gestation. Morphological changes and GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 expression were evaluated in placentas by immunohistochemical and image analysis and correlated with iAs and arsenical species concentration, which were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. NaAsO2exposure induced a significant decrease in fetal and placental weight (P<0.01) and increases in infarctions and vascular congestion. Whereas GLUT1 expression was unchanged in placentas from exposed group, GLUT3 expression was found increased. In contrast, GLUT4 expression was significantly lower (P<0.05) in placentas from females exposed to 12 ppm. The decrease in placental GLUT4 expression might affect the provision of adequate fetal nutrition and explain the low fetal weight observed in the exposed groups.

scholarly journals The State of the Hemomycocirculatory Bed of Adventitia of Varicose Veins of the Small Pelvis in Women with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases of the Internal Genital Organs

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Drohomyretska
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Hemomicrocirculatory system – is a complex structure that reacts in every pathological process even before the clinical period and takes the first blow. The study of microhemocirculation will provide an opportunity to solve the important for practical medicine questions of pathogenesis of many diseases, as for the prevention and treatment of regional disorders of blood circulation.The objective of the research is to study the state of the hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) of adventitia of varicose veins of the small pelvis (VVSP) in women with chronic inflammatory processes of the organs of the small pelvis (CIPOSP).Materials and methods of research. To evaluate the restructuring of the HMCB of adventitia of VVSP, the operating material of 12 women of reproductive age was used. Mainly, there were pieces of the ovarian vein. The study of the HMCB in the vein wall was performed by the non-injecting method of silver impregnation according to V.V. Kupriyanov. To standardize the results, the condition of the HMCB of adventitia of the venous wall in norm was studied in 5 women of reproductive age, who died as a result of various traumas.Results of the research. After the performed studies, the structural-morphological changes of the HMCB of the adventitia of the small pelvis veins were revealed. The dilation of capillaries, postcapillaries, postcapillary venules was observed. The diameter of the vessels of the HMCB of the ovarian vein adventitia was: venule – 94.21 ± 1.38 μM in comparison with the norm – 48.78 ± 1.60 μM (p<0.001); post-capillary venules – 46.76 ± 1.04 μM in comparison with the norm – 28.29 ± 1.1.01 μM (p<0.001); the capillaries were 11.22 ± 0.14 μM in comparison with the norm – 8.24 ± 0.16 μM (p<0.05), arterioles – 29.02 ± 0.76 μM in comparison with the norm – 25.19 ± 1.15 μM (p<0.01). The architectonics of the arterioles is almost unchanged. Lumen of venules is filled with formed elements. The structure of capillaries is polymorphic. The capillary net was localized and concentrated or was formed as a thick planar net, the capillaries were expanded. There were arterio-venulous anastomoses. Endothelial nuclei are shortened. In some preparations, the diameter of the arterioles corresponded to the diameter of the collection venules.  Conclusions:1. The first discovered by us changes in HMCB of adventitia of varicose veins of the small pelvis in women with CIPOSP can be one of the pathogenetic links of the development and progression of the varicose vein itself, which in turn aggravates the course of chronic inflammation.      2. The timely appointment of drugs that improve microcirculation will enable to prevent the development of dystrophic changes in the vein wall, improve the course of chronic inflammatory processes and reduce or completely eliminate the syndrome of “chronic pelvic pain”.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIUM STRUCTURE IN ALCOHOL-ABUSING HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
M. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Secretory Type

Background. Patients with comorbid pathology occupy leading positions in the practice of a doctor of any specialty especially in patients with HIV. Reproductive system is known to be the gateway for viruses. This fact could explain the severity of changes developing in the female reproductive system infected with HIV, in particular in the endometrium. The purpose of this study was to assess morphological changes in the endometrium caused by the combined effects of HIV infection and chronic alcoholism. Materials and methods: The study included sectional material taken from 60 women of reproductive age (20-40 years). They were all divided into two groups. The first group (30 people) consisted of HIV-positive individuals who, according to a survey of relatives and according to an autopsy (the main symptom is the presence of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver), alcohol abuse was confirmed. The following parameters were determined: the average diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), the minimum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), the maximum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type), wall thickness (proliferative type), the relative volume of the epithelium (proliferative type), the average diameter of the glands (secretory type), the minimum diameter of the glands (secretory type), the maximum diameter of the glands (secretory type), the relative volume of the epithelium (secretory type), the thickness of the epithelium. Results. the average diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) decreased from 51.71 ± 2.90 x 10-6 m in the comparison group to 39.42 ± 2.35 x 10-6 m in the HIV-infected group, which was 23.77%. The minimum diameter of the endometrial glands (proliferative type) reduced from 32.47 ± 1.83 x10-6 m to 27.13 ± 1.73x10-6 m (16.45%), the maximum diameter from 72.14 ± 2.21 x10-6 m to 63.84 ± 3.29 x10-6 m (11.5%). the relative volume of the epithelium (proliferative type) decreased by 5.41% (from 54.43 ± 1.79% in the study group to 49.02 ± 2.65% in the control group). The thickness of the uterine wall was also significantly reduced from 15.18 ± 1.60 x10-6 m to 14.52 ± 1.19 x10-6 m, which was 4.35%. The maximum volume of glands (secretory type) changed from 127.98 ± 2.10 x10-6 m to 97.18 ± 3.12 x10-6 m (24%). Changes by 3.6% were also observed when examining the wall thickness (from 13.02 ± 1.36 x10-6 m to 12.55 ± 1.68 x10-6 m). Conclusion. The study evaluated features of endometrial restructuring in alcohol-abusing HIV-infected women.

scholarly journals An age related study of morphology of human uterus

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-035
Author(s):  
Malamoni Dutta ◽  
H Bayan
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract Background and aims: The uterus is subjected to a wide range of normal variation in both its anatomy and physiology e.g. the changes of childhood to puberty and into the reproductive years, the variations of menstrual cycle, the changes consequent to pregnancy and parturition and fmally regression associated with menopause and postmenopausal years. It is a very important organ of female reproductive system and is subjected to investigation for size, shape and position in cases of infertility. The study of normal morphological architecture is of prime importance to have the basic knowledge of the various pathological entities. Materials and methods : 30 samples each from reproductive and postmenopausal women were collected from fresh unembalmed human cadavers. Biometrical values of the two different groups were recorded and statistically analyzed for Mean. The 'z' test was employed to find out the significant difference between mean values of length, breadth, thickness and weight. Results: The Length, Breadth , Thickness and weight of uterus in Reproductive age group and Post - menopausal age group differ significantly. The length, breadth, thickness and weight ranged from 6.2-9.0 em, 4.9-6.1 em, 2-3.5 em, 35.4-73 gm respectively in reproductive age group. In the postmenopausal group the length, breadth, thickness and weight ranged from 3.8-6.5 em, 1.8-5.0 em, 1-2.3 em, 18-40.0 gm respectively. Conclusion: A clear conception of the age related morphological changes ofuterus is a prerequisite for the radiologists for pelvic imaging and for clinicians for diagnosis and management of various diseases like benign and malignant neoplasms and infertility.

Species differences in arsenic-mediated renal copper accumulation: a comparison between rats, mice and guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Hunder ◽  
J Schaper ◽  
O Ademuyiwa ◽  
B Elsenhans
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Rapid Conversion

1 Administration of arsenite leads to an accumulation of copper in the rat kidney. Owing to the high retention of arsenic in the erythrocytes, however, the rat is considered to possess special toxicokinetics of arsenic and is therefore considered less comparable with other species in this respect. 2 Therefore, we compared the effect of dietary arsenite in mice and guinea pigs with that in rats. Each species was divided into four groups of animals according to the diets fed which contained increasing concentrations of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2;0,10,30and60mg As/kg of diet). Animals were killed after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Tissues were sampled and analyzed for arsenic and other trace metals (Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn). 3 Compared to controls with copper levels of about 10 mg Cu/g wet wt. in the renal cortex, dietary administration of arsenite up to 60 mg As/kg of diet for 3 weeks to rats increased cortical levels to 65 mgCu/gwetwt.An increase of renal copper levels similar to that in rats, was only observed in guinea pigs but not in mice. Renal copper accumulation in guinea pigs was timeand concentration-dependent as in rats. Feeding a diet with 60 mg As/kg for 3 weeks increased cortical copper levels from about 6-40 mgCu/gwetwt.Renal copper levels in mice as well as other trace metal levels in guinea pigs and mice were not essentially altered by dietary arsenite. 4 The study shows that the renal copper-arsenic interaction is not restricted to the rat. Since in rats and guinea pigs, but not in mice, arsenic accumulated in the kidney rather similarly, a common mechanism is suggestive. As it was previously shown in rats that only inorganic arsenic is involved in this interaction, a rapid conversion of the inorganic form into methylated metabolites as in mice may diminish the extent of the renal copper accumulation whereas the lack of, or a less efficient, methylation as in guinea pigs or rats increases it.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to healthy childbearing in the West Coast / Winelands

Curationis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Maart
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Many of the known risk factors associated with low birth weight (LB W) infants, such as socio-economic status, ethnicity, genetic makeup, and obstetric history, are not within a woman’s immediate control. However, there are many things that a woman can do to improve her chances of having a normal healthy child. Lifestyle behaviours, such as cigarette smoking, nutrition and the use of alcohol, play an important role in determining the growth of the foetus. There is a high rate of low birth weight infants bom to women living and working on the farms in the Western Cape. Very little is known about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the women living and working on the farms that may be influencing their pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this qualitative exploratory study was to establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices of reproductive age women related to lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, smoking and nutrition, and the perceptions of these factors by health care workers, in Stellenbosch and Vredendal areas (small towns in the Western Cape).

Hysterosalpingography in the Sequels of Conisation of the Uterine Cervix

1976 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Aldo Severini ◽  
Silvana Bergonzi
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Uterine Surgery ◽  
One Year

A hysterosalpingographic survey was made of 65 women of reproductive age who had undergone conisation of the uterine cervix for carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia at least one year before. None of the patients investigated radiologically had undergone uterine surgery before conisation. In a high percentage of cases morphological changes of the cervical canal and, less frequently, the isthmus were found. Most of the changes are attributable to scar retraction, and the hysterosalpingographic findings did not differ appreciably from those following other types of gynecological surgery, namely, segmental or total stenosis and ectasia of the cervical canal and isthmus. A control series of patients with preoperative and postoperative hysterosalpingograms is now under consideration to confirm the radiological findings and to correlate them with clinical data.

scholarly journals Increased NTPDase Activity in Lymphocytes during Experimental Sepsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Mello Bertoncheli ◽  
Carine Eloise Prestes Zimmermann ◽  
Jeandre Augusto dos Santos Jaques ◽  
Cláudio Alberto Martins Leal ◽  
Jader Betsch Ruchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intracellular Milieu ◽  
Septic Group

We investigated in rats induced to sepsis the activity of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; CD39; E.C. 3.6.1.5), an enzyme involved in the modulation of immune responses. After 12 hours of surgery, lymphocytes were isolated from blood and NTPDase activity was determined. It was also performed the histology of kidney, liver, and lung. The results demonstrated an increase in the hydrolysis of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) (P<0.01), but no changes regarding adenosine-5′-monophosphate (ADP) hydrolysis (P>0.05). Histological analysis showed several morphological changes in the septic group, such as vascular congestion, necrosis, and infiltration of mononuclear cells. It is known that the intracellular milieu contains much more ATP nucleotides than the extracellular. In this context, the increased ATPasic activity was probably induced as a dynamic response to clean up the elevated ATP levels resulting from cellular death.

scholarly journals Combination of parity and pre-pregnancy BMI and low birth weight infants among Japanese women of reproductive age

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kounosuke SUZUKI ◽  
Kyoko NOMURA ◽  
Shinichi TAKENOSHITA ◽  
Kazumichi ANDO ◽  
Michiko KIDO
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

scholarly journals Morphological testicular changes following the experimental inguinal hernia repair modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
N. G. Kulchenko
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tension Free ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Purpose of the study. To evaluate morphological changes in the testes in experimental animals after tension-free inguinal hernia repair modeling.Materials and methods. The study included male rabbits, aged 120 days, weighing 3.8 ± 0.9 kg. All rabbits were divided into two groups depending on the type of operation: in the first group (n = 10) of animals, we made a model of tension-free inguinal hernia repair and used a polypropylene mesh; in the second group (n = 10) of animals, we left the structures of the inguinal canal intact. Morphological assessment of spermatogenesis was performed after 40 days. All morphometric measurements were carried out on strictly cross-sections of the convoluted seminal tubules.Results. In rabbits of group 1, the volume of the testicle was significantly three times less than in animals of group 2 (p < 0.05). In the animals of the first group, a significant deterioration in spermatogenesis was observed (p < 0.05). Histological examination of sections of the testes of these animals showed that hypoplasia of the spermatogenic epithelium was present in the convoluted seminal tubules, in 1/8 of the tubules there was subtotal aplasia of the spermatogenic epithelium, Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome was detected only in 2 %. Atrophy of the convoluted seminal tubules was not recorded at this period of observation. In the animals of the control group, almost 90 % of cases of spermatogenesis disorders were not detected.Conclusions. This experimental study on rabbits showed that after using a polypropylene mesh for inguinal canal plastic, inhibition of germ cell maturation occurs after 1.5 months. Therefore, in men of reproductive age, it is necessary to use polypropylene mesh implants with caution in terms of performing inguinal hernia repair.

scholarly journals Arsenic Concentrations in Tissues and Body Fluids of Dogs on Chronic Low-Level Dietary Sodium Arsenite

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regg D. Neiger ◽  
Gary D. Osweiler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Low Dosage

Twenty-four female Beagle dogs, 7–8 months old, were assigned to 4 groups. Control, low-dosage, medium-dosage, and high-dosage groups were offered 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg of sodium arsenite per kilogram of body weight per day (mg/kg/day), respectively, in their feed (equivalent to 0.0, 33.4, 66.7, and 133.4 μg/g in feed). On day 59, the dosage was doubled for the rest of the experiment, which ended on day 183. In general, arsenic concentrations in tissues and body fluids reflected arsenic levels in feed. Arsenic caused a dose-related decrease in food intake. Statistically significant differences in blood, liver, and kidney arsenic were detected, in most cases, between the 2 higher dosage groups and controls. The greatest differences in arsenic concentrations between groups were present in urine and hair. Results indicate that urine and hair would be the most useful specimens for chemical analysis when attempting to confirm low-level dietary inorganic arsenic exposure or poisoning.

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