scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEscherichia colifrom Chinese Children and Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
James O. Ogutu ◽  
Jiarui Gu ◽  
Fengshu Ding ◽  
Yuhong You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

The objective of this study was to compare quinolone resistance andgyrAmutations in clinical isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEscherichia colifrom Chinese adults who used quinolone in the preceding month and children without any known history of quinolone administration. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 61 isolates from children and 79 isolates from adults were determined. The mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions ingyrAgene were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Fluoroquinolone resistance and types ofgyrAmutations in isolates from children and adults were compared and statistically analyzed. No significant differences were detected in the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin between children and adults among isolates of the two species (allP>0.05). The double mutation Ser83→Leu + Asp87→Asn in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates occurred in 73.7% isolates from the children and 67.9% from the adults, respectively (P=0.5444). Children with no known history of quinolone administration were found to carry fluoroquinolone-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeisolates. The occurrence of ciprofloxacin resistance and the major types ofgyrAmutations in the isolates from the children were similar to those from adults. The results indicate that precautions should be taken on environmental issues resulting from widespread transmission of quinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Mutations in the gyrA Gene and Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium amycolatum

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep M. Sierra ◽  
Luis Martinez-Martinez ◽  
Fernando Vázquez ◽  
Ernest Giralt ◽  
Jordi Vila
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum

ABSTRACT Quinolone susceptibility was analyzed in 17 clinical isolates of Corynebacterium striatum and 9 strains of Corynebacterium amycolatum by the E-test method in Mueller-Hinton agar plates. The C. striatum ATCC 6940 strain was used as a control strain. The amplified quinolone resistance determining regions of the gyrA genes of C. amycolatum and C. striatum were characterized. Four in vitro quinolone-resistant mutants of C. amycolatum were selected and analyzed. Both in vivo and in vitro quinolone-resistant strains of C. amycolatum showed high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance in strains with a double mutation leading to an amino acid change in positions 87 and 91 or positions 87 and 88 (unusual mutation) of GyrA, whereas the same concomitant mutations at amino acid positions 87 and 91 in GyrA of C. striatum produced high levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin but only showed a moderate increase in the MIC of moxifloxacin, suggesting that other mechanism(s) of quinolone resistance could be involved in moxifloxacin resistance in C. amycolatum. Moreover, a PCR-RFLP-NcoI of the gyrA gene was developed to distinguish between C. amycolatum and C. striatum species.

scholarly journals Distribution of ciprofloxacin-resistance genes among ST131 and non-ST131 clones of Escherichia coli isolates with ESBL phenotypes isolated from women with urinary tract infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Rasoulinasab ◽  
Fereshteh Shahcheraghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi ◽  
Bahram Nikmanesh ◽  
Azade Hajihasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli (E. coli) sequence type 131 (ST131) is associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and fluoroquinolone resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ST131, ESBL, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in the ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR ) and ESBL producers from women with UTI. Materials and Methods: The CIP-resistant ESBL producing (CIPR /ESBL+ ) E. coli isolates were screened for ST131-by specific PCR of mdh and gyrB. The ESBL and PMQR genes were screened by single PCR. The ST131 and non-ST131 isolates were selected to determine the mutations of gyrA and parC using PCR and sequencing, and also their genetic background by the Pasteur-MLST scheme. Results: Overall, 55% (33/60) CIPR /ESBL+ isolates were identified as ST131 (94% O25b-ST131). Resistance rate to ampicillin-sulbactam (70%), aztreonam (97%) and gentamicin (61%), the prevalence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr (66%), blaCTX-M-15 (82%), the profile of qnrS+aac(6′)-Ib-cr (30%), and the double mutation in the parC was significantly higher in ST131 than nonST131 isolates. The coexistence of PMQR and ESBL genes was found in more than 50% of ST131 and non-ST131 isolates. ST131 isolates differentiated into PST43 and PST506. Conclusion: Management of women with UTI caused by the CIPR /ESBL+ isolates (ST131) co-harbored PMQR, ESBL, and chromosomal mutations, is important for their effective therapy.

scholarly journals Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Deguchi ◽  
A Fukuoka ◽  
M Yasuda ◽  
M Nakano ◽  
S Ozeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Complementary Role

We determined a partial sequence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae parC gene, including the region analogous to the quinolone resistance-determining region of the Escherichia coli gyrA gene, and examined 26 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae for an association of alterations in GyrA and ParC with susceptibilities to quinolones. The study suggests that in K. pneumoniae DNA gyrase is a primary target of quinolones and that ParC alterations play a complementary role in the development of higher-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

scholarly journals Changes in aac(6′)-Ib-cr Prevalence and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Nosocomial Isolates of Escherichia coli Collected from 1991 through 2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Warburg ◽  
Maya Korem ◽  
Ari Robicsek ◽  
Dalia Engelstein ◽  
Allon E. Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

ABSTRACT Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli collected from 1991 through 2005 at a tertiary-care center were studied for qnr and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes. Isolates bearing aac(6′)-Ib-cr emerged in 1998, coinciding with an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance. The presence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr was multiclonal and was associated with the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2380-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Everett ◽  
Y F Jin ◽  
V Ricci ◽  
L J Piddock
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level

Twenty-eight human isolates of Escherichia coli from Argentina and Spain and eight veterinary isolates received from the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Foods in the United Kingdom required 2 to > 128 micrograms of ciprofloxacin per ml for inhibition. Fragments of gyrA and parC encompassing the quinolone resistance-determining region were amplified by PCR, and the DNA sequences of the fragments were determined. All isolates contained a mutation in gyrA of a serine at position 83 (Ser83) to an Leu, and 26 isolates also contained a mutation of Asp87 to one of four amino acids: Asn (n = 14), Tyr (n = 6), Gly (n = 5), or His (n = 1). Twenty-four isolates contained a single mutation in parC, either a Ser80 to Ile (n = 17) or Arg (n = 2) or a Glu84 to Lys (n = 3). The role of a mutation in gyrB was investigated by introducing wild-type gyrB (pBP548) into all isolates; for three transformants MICs of ciprofloxacin were reduced; however, sequencing of PCR-derived fragments containing the gyrB quinolone resistance-determining region revealed no changes. The analogous region of parE was analyzed in 34 of 36 isolates by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and sequencing; however, no amino acid substitutions were discovered. The outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of all isolates were compared with those of reference strains, and the concentration of ciprofloxacin accumulated (with or without 100 microM carbony cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP] was determined. Twenty-two isolates accumulated significantly lower concentrations of ciprofloxacin than the wild-type E. coli isolate; nine isolates accumulated less then half the concentration. The addition of CCCP increased the concentration of ciprofloxacin accumulated, and in all but one isolate the percent increase was greater than that in the control strains. The data indicate that high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli involves the acquisition of mutations at multiple loci.

scholarly journals 2049. Trends in Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance among Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers from 2011 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S690-S691
Author(s):  
Haley Appaneal ◽  
Aisling Caffrey ◽  
Stephanie Hughes ◽  
Vrishali Lopes ◽  
Robin L Jump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Overuse ◽  
Community Living Centers ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis, with antibiotic overuse contributing to selection pressure, and thus driving antibiotic resistance. Strategies to reduce antibiotic overuse may slow the development of resistance, but large-scale studies assessing trends in antibiotic use and resistance among nursing homes at the national level are limited. We describe trends in antibiotic use and resistance nationally among Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLCs). Methods We assessed antibiotic use and microbiological cultures among VA CLC residents from 2011 to 2017. Antibiotics were grouped into eight drug classes and annual days of antibiotic therapy per 1,000 bed-days were calculated. Facility-weighted annual antibiotic resistance rates were calculated. Joinpoint Software was used for regression analyses of trends over time and to estimate annual average percent changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Over 7 years and among 146 CLCs, several significant trends in decreasing antibiotic use and corresponding reductions in resistance were identified. Fluoroquinolone use decreased by 9.9% annually (95% CI −11.6 to −8.2%) and fluoroquinolone resistance decreased by 2.3% per year for Escherichia coli, 5.1% for Klebsiella spp., 1.8% for Proteus mirabilis, 4.9% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12.6% for Enterobacter spp., and 3.2% for Enterococcus spp. Anti-pseudomonal penicillin use decreased by 6.6% annually (95% CI −10.6 to −2.4%) and anti-pseudomonal penicillin resistance rates decreased each year by 7.9% for Escherichia coli, 8.9% for Klebsiella spp., 15.2% for Proteus mirabilis and 4.2% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-staphylococcal penicillin use decreased by 5.4% annually (95% CI −10.0 to −0.5%) and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus decreased 1.7% per year. Conclusion Nationally among VA CLCs, we observed significant reductions in the use of several classes of antibiotics with corresponding reductions in antibiotic resistance, including an impressive decline in fluoroquinolone use and corresponding decreases in fluoroquinolone resistance among six organisms. Future research should assess whether reductions in antibiotic use predict later reductions in antibiotic resistance and improvements in resident outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals High-Level Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Overproduce Multidrug Efflux Protein AcrA

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3441-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Mazzariol ◽  
Yutaka Tokue ◽  
Tiffany M. Kanegawa ◽  
Giuseppe Cornaglia ◽  
Hiroshi Nikaido
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

ABSTRACT Immunoblotting with antibody against AcrA, an obligatory component of the AcrAB multidrug efflux system, showed that this protein was overexpressed by ≥170% in 9 of 10 clinical isolates ofEsherichia coli with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MICs, ≥32 μg/ml) but not in any of the 15 isolates for which the MIC was ≤1 μg/ml.

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