scholarly journals Oculocutaneous Albinism and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin of the Head and Neck in Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Lekalakala ◽  
R. A. G. Khammissa ◽  
B. Kramer ◽  
O. A. Ayo-Yusuf ◽  
J. Lemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Sub Saharan

Oculocutaneous albinism which is characterised by impaired melanin biosynthesis is the most common inherited pigmentary disorder of the skin and it is common among Blacks in sub-Saharan Africa. All albinos are at great risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of sun-exposed skin, and Black albinos in sub-Saharan Africa are at about a 1000-fold higher risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin than the general population. In Black albinos, skin carcinoma tends to run an aggressive course and is likely to recur after treatment, very probably because the aetiology and predisposing factors have not changed. Prevention or reduction of occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Black albinos might be achieved through educating the population to increase awareness of the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight and at the same time making available effective screening programs for early detection of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in schools and communities and for early treatment.

scholarly journals Premalignant and malignant changes of skin in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism: multiple actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Shashank Bhargava ◽  
Ujjwal Kumar ◽  
Richa Rokde
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Normal Limits

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">Pigmentation of skin is a feature which is governed by multiple factors including the number of melanocytes, their metabolic activity of the melanocytes, the melanogenic activity of the melanosomes and lastly the morphology and differentiation of the melanosomes “Squamous cell carcinoma” (SCC) of sun-exposed skin is the most frequently observed malignancy among Albinos. It is ultimately due to lack of Eumelanin which guards against both the sunlight as well as oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. A 41 year old albino male patient presented with multiple asymptomatic raised skin lesions of different morphology and dimensions over scalp, neck, behind right ear and back with duration of 7 years. The initial lesion developed as a small papule over scalp which gradually progressed to present size and later appeared before the right ear, neck and lastly over the back. On examination, the initial lesion over scalp was verrucous plaque with adherent crusting, while other lesions were indurated, non-tender ulcers with irregular margins and punched out edges. There are few whitish raised scaly papules and plaques over the back. Routine investigations were within normal limits. Histopathology findings from the neck revealed squamous epithelium with tumour cells infiltrating the underlying stroma. Tumour cells showed pleomorphism, increased N:C ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and keratin pearls. Histopathology findings from the scaly lesion over the back revealed mild hyperkeratosis with dysplasia of the basal keratinocytes and prominent solar elastosis in the superficial dermis. Based on clinical and histopathogical findings, diagnosis of multiple SCC with actinic keratosis was made. Patient was referred to oncosurgeon for further management. Early detection and prompt treatment of the disease is required to reduce the spread to other parts of the body along with photo-protection all throughout life</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>

scholarly journals Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Children with Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Three Case Reports

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadou Kaloga ◽  
Pauline Dioussé ◽  
Boubacar Ahy Diatta ◽  
Mariama Bammo ◽  
Sarah Kourouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. This disease predisposes patients to early-onset skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report 3 pediatric cases, including 2 deaths. Observation: The subjects included 2 boys and 1 girl with skin type VI. All subjects were from consanguineous marriages, and the average age was 7.6 years. The patients all had ulcerative budding tumor lesions in the cephalic region, and the mean disease duration was 18 months. In all 3 cases, the diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum was made before the poikilodermal appearance of sun-exposed areas and photophobia. Neurological-type mental retardation was noted in 1 case. Histology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in all 3 cases. The evolutions were marked by the death of 2 children (cases 1 and 3). In one case, the outcome was favorable following cancer excision and subsequent chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is a serious complication related to xeroderma pigmentosum in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention is based on the early diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum, black skin photoprotection, screening and early treatment of lesions, and genetic counseling.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography of Peri-Ocular Skin Cancers: An Optical Biopsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bergeron ◽  
Bryan Arthurs ◽  
Debra-Meghan Sanft ◽  
Christina Mastromonaco ◽  
Miguel N. Burnier Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Oct Imaging

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been used as a diagnostic tool for retinal disease for several years, and OCT apparatuses are becoming increasingly powerful. However, OCT has yet to reach its full potential in ophthalmology clinics. Alike retinal layers, it has been shown that OCT is able to generate cross-sectional images of the skin and allows visualization of skin lesions in a histopathology-like manner. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aim to validate OCT as an imaging modality for peri-ocular skin cancer. Through a series of cases, we highlight findings for 3 common eyelid malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma. We propose an OCT image-based signature for basal cell carcinoma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective study. Fifty-eight lesions suspicious of malignancy from 57 patients were subjected to OCT imaging prior to the surgical excision of the lesion. OCT images were analysed and scored according to previously identified OCT features. Eight representative examples are presented, highlighting the OCT patterns for each malignancy side by side to its corresponding histopathological sections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of the 58 lesions analysed, 53 were malignant. A loss of the dermal-epidermal junction is observed in all malignant lesions. A strong link is observed between the presence of subepithelial hyporeflective nests on OCT and the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (present in 83% of cases). Conversely, lesions of epithelial origin such as squamous cell carcinoma are most often represented on OCT by acanthosis. Two supplementary cases, one basal cell carcinoma and one sebaceous carcinoma, are provided to illustrate how OCT imaging is a valuable tool in cases where clinical observations may be unusual. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We provide evidence supporting the use of OCT for the evaluation of peri-ocular cancers. OCT enables visualization of the skin layers in vivo, before biopsy. Our results show that certain OCT features can contribute to include or exclude a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. By integrating this non-invasive imaging methodology into the routine assessment of peri-ocular skin lesions, especially in health care centres where access to specialists is limited, OCT imaging can increase clinical precision, reduce delays in patient referral and enhance patient care.

Actinic damage and squamous cell carcinoma in sun-exposed skin affected by vitiligo

2000 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA. Saarinen ◽  
G.G. Lestringant ◽  
I. Masouye ◽  
P.M. Frossard
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Exposed Skin

scholarly journals Oral Adenoid/Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Report of two Cases with Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti D Nayak ◽  
M Jose ◽  
J Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Floor Of Mouth ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon but well recognized variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It has been reported to originate in the sun exposed skin of the head and neck region. Although rare, there are cases in records which have reported within the oral cavity and nasopharynx. Histologically the lesion shows areas of conventional squamous cell carcinoma along with atypical epithelial cells forming an adenoid pattern. There are insufficient reported cases to establish likely behaviour. Here we report two additional cases of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, one developing in the floor of mouth and another in the maxillary sinus both were reported in March 2010 in Mangalore, India. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 83-87 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8028

Multiple, disseminated cutaneous metastases of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-387
Author(s):  
F. Ghaemmaghami ◽  
M. Modares ◽  
N. Behtash ◽  
A. Z. Moosavi
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Cutaneous Metastases ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Inguinal Lymphadenectomy ◽  
History Of

Cutaneous metastases of vulvar carcinoma are extremely rare and have been reported in six patients so far. Our patient, who is the seventh one, is a 38-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus.After detecting stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, she underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. She received 6000 cGy external beam radiation for positive margins. Six months later, she came back with multiple advanced skin lesions. Biopsy was performed and lesions were confirmed as cutaneous metastases.For her palliation, some chemotherapy drugs were prescribed. She is on her sixth chemotherapy cycle, but these skin lesions are somewhat a preterminal event and there is no well-established treatment for this phase of disease.

scholarly journals Identification of Human Herpesvirus 8 Sequences in Conjunctiva Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Ugandan Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemy Starita ◽  
Clorinda Annunziata ◽  
Keith M. Waddell ◽  
Luigi Buonaguro ◽  
Franco M. Buonaguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is particularly high in sub-Saharan Africa with temporal trends similar to those of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8), has not yet been investigated in conjunctiva tumors. In this study biopsies and PBMCs of conjunctiva neoplasia patients along with nonneoplastic conjunctiva tissues have been analyzed for HHV8 sequences by PCR targeting ORF26. All amplimers were subjected to nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. HHV8 DNA has been identified in 12 out of 48 (25%) HIV-positive, and in 2 out of 24 (8.3%) HIV-negative conjunctiva neoplastic tissues and in 4 out of 33 (12.1%) PBMC samples from conjunctiva neoplasia diseased patients as well as in 4 out of 60 (6.7%) nontumor conjunctiva tissues. The viral load ranged from 1 to 400 copies/105cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of HHV8 ORF26 amplimers clustered with subtypes R (n=11) and B2 (n=6). This variant distribution is in agreement with that of HHV8 variants previously identified in Ugandan KS cases. The presence of HHV8 in conjunctiva tumors from HIV-positive patients warrants further studies to test whether HHV8 products released by infected cells may have paracrine effects on the growth of conjunctiva lesions.

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