scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Antidepressant-Like Effect of Genistein and Its Combination with Amitriptyline: An Acute and Chronic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Tay Jia Jia ◽  
Lim Yee Woon ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
Mayuren Candasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Chronic Study

The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic antidepressant effect of genistein in combination with amitriptyline in mice. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6) for treatment with water, genistein, or amitriptyline, either alone or in combination for ten days. Animals were subjected to locomotor activity testing; tail suspension test (TST); and forced swim test (FST) and immobility time was recorded on day one and day ten. Acute treatment of all treatment groups did not significantly reduce the immobility time (p>0.05). Chronic treatment of combination of genistein (10 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time as compared to control group (p<0.001) and was comparable to amitriptyline alone (10 mg/kg). However, no changes in anti-immobility activity in combination of subeffective doses of genistein (5 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) were observed. Genistein at its standard dose (10 mg/kg) rendered synergistic effects in combination with subeffective dose of amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) and additive effects in combination with therapeutic dose of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Ferdous Khan ◽  
Syed A. Kuddus ◽  
Md. H. Shohag ◽  
Hasan M. Reza ◽  
Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Biochemical Level

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

The Effect of Fluoxetine and Ibuprofen on BCG-Induced Alteration in Pain Sensitivity in Mice

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba H El-Morsy ◽  
Wesam El-Bakly ◽  
Amany H Hasanin ◽  
May Hamza ◽  
M Abdel-Bary
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incisional Pain

Abstract Clinical observations recognized the co-existence and interactions of pain and depression a long time, ago. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ibuprofen and fluoxetine on BCGinduced depressive-like behaviour, on formalin-induced pain, as well as on mechanical allodynia after planter incision in mice. BCG induced a depressive behaviour that was seen in the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST). It also induced a decrease in pain-related behaviour in the formalin test, and an increase in the baseline in mechanical allodynia test compared to the control group. Fluoxetine (80 mg/L of drinking water) showed a significant decrease in the immobility time in the FST and TST and enhanced pain related behaviour in formalin test in the BCG-inoculated group. However, it did not affect the increase in the pain threshold in the planter incision allodynia model. Adding ibuprofen to drinking water (0.2 g/L of drinking water), reversed the depressive like behaviour induced by BCG and enhanced pain-related behaviour in formalin test, in both the total pain-related behaviour and phase 2. It also prevented the increase in the base line induced by BCG. On the other hand, the incisional pain model was not affected by BCG inoculation except at the 2-hour time point, where it showed hypoalgesia, as well.

Potentials of Mangifera indica in the treatment of depressive-anxiety disorders: possible mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail O. Ishola ◽  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Chinedum O. Eluogu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Abstract:: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1 h before subjecting the animal to the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM).: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment produced significant reduction in immobility time [F(6.56)=8.35, p<0.001], [F(6,56)=7.55, p<0.001] in the FST and TST, respectively. Moreover, co-administration of sub-therapeutic doses of imipramine or fluoxetine with HeMI (3.125 mg/kg) elicited significant reduction in time spent immobile in the FST. However, pretreatment of mice with parachlorophenylalanine, metergoline, yohimbine or sulpiride abolished the antidepressant-like effect elicited by HeMI. In the EPM, HeMI produced significant [F(5,42)=8.91, p<0.001] increase in open arms exploration by 75.55 % and this effect was blocked by pretreatment of mice with flumazenil or metergoline.: Findings from this study showed antidepressant-like effect of

scholarly journals Effect of Passiflora Edulis Sims onReserpine Induced Fibromyalgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2157-2165
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Vipin Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. Investigations were shown that reserpine-treated animals responded with significantly increased sensitivity of pain in tail flick latency, decreased threshold of paw-withdrawal and immobility time and in Randall test. Whereas Plant leaves extract at different level of doses (e.g. 200 and 400 mg/kg) has shown a significant reduction in time of immobility, withdrawal latency of tail and the significant increase in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The Passiflora edulis Sims showed inhibition of algesic condition in all the models which was dose dependent. During forced swim test extract of plant showed the significant reduce immobility time as compared with the control group, also in the plus‐maze method, Plant leaves extract showed increased time spend in open arm. The results were confirmed that the use of the extract of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims in the traditional management of pain and enhances behavioural activity.

scholarly journals Antidepressant effect of methanol extract of smokeless tobacco and identification of its bioactive components

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088
Author(s):  
Siddig I. Abdelwahab ◽  
Syam Mohan ◽  
Manal M.E. Taha ◽  
Waquar Ahsan ◽  
Mohammed Al Bratty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Immobility Time

Purpose: To investigate the antidepressant effect of methanol extract of smokeless tobacco and identify its bioactive compounds. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups of five rats each: normal control group, standard (reference) control group as well as 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg extract group. The extract, standard drug (imipramine) and normal saline were administered via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The rats were subjected to forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) to assess the antidepressant effect of methanol extract of smokeless tobacco. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds of the extract. Results: The oral LD50 of the extract was > 2000 mg/kg. Significant decrease in immobility time was observed after single administration of imipramine (p < 0.05). The extract significantly and dosedependently decreased the immobility time, but increased climbing and swimming times, when compared with normal control group (p < 0.05). The immobility time of stressed rats regardless of sex was significantly and dose-dependently lowered, relative to normal control group (p < 0.05). Four major compounds were identified in the extract: nicotine (45.88 %); 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (23.00 %), nhexadecanoic acid (11.31 %) and vitamin A aldehyde (9.38 %). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the methanol extract of smokeless tobacco possesses antidepressant and mood-elevating effects in rats. However, its use should be discouraged since it contains a number of hazardous and carcinogenic components such as N-nitroso compounds and benzo(a)pyrene which are categorized as Class-I carcinogens.

scholarly journals Antidepressant effects of Mentha pulegium in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Mostafa Gholami ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Nitrite Content

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effects of <em>Mentha pulegium</em> essential oil in BALB/c mice. Six experimental groups (7 mice each) were used. Forced swim test was performed 30 min after essential oil injection. In the groups receiving <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg), immobility duration significantly decreased compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> (50 and 75 mg/kg) resulted in significant decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil antidepressant effect that may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress.  The results showed that decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum and high anti-oxidant effects of M. pulegium essential oil.</p><p><strong>Video clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/qfmjCf5FNMk">Immobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 13 sec</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/oqWS13JzQtQ">Mobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 19 sec</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN PERASAN RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Roxb) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Dian Kartikasari ◽  
Hairunisa Hairunisa ◽  
Emy Nadya Natasha
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

ABSTRACTPrevention and treatment with synthetic antidepressants has many side effects that affect the central nervous system and usage must be under the supervision of a doctor. Whereas prevention and traditional medicine relatively do not cause side effects, are inexpensive, and easy to obtain. One example of traditional medicine from natural ingredients, which can provide an antidepressant effect is ginger rhizome. This research aims to determine whether ginger rhizome have antidepressant effects on male white mice. Antidepressant effect testing was carried out on male white mice (Mus musculus) using the forced swim test method. The part of the plant used is the rhizome of the ginger plant. Curcuma rhizome is made with juice and given orally with a concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60%. The negative control used is Na CMC 0.5%, while the positive control used, namely amitriptilyn. The parameters observed were the duration of immobility time, swimming time and climibing time (in seconds) which were calculated from minutes 3-6 for 6 minutes, and statistical tests were carried out with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that at a concentration of 40% the curcuma rhizome juice had a significant value (p> 0.05) which means that there was no significant difference in antidepressant effect (%) from the juice of temulawak 56.31% and amitriptylin 78.78%Keywords: ginger rhizome, antidepressants, the forced swim test

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