scholarly journals Comorbidity between Type 2 Diabetes and Depression in the Adult Population: Directions of the Association and Its Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Iden Berge ◽  
Trond Riise
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
And Function

Type 2 diabetes and depression are regarded as comorbid conditions, and three possible directions of the association between the diseases can underlie this observation of comorbidity. First, common etiology can increase a person’s risk of both diseases; second, persons with type 2 diabetes have increased prevalence or risk of future development of depression; or third, persons with depression have increased prevalence or risk of development of type 2 diabetes. This review gives an overview over possible pathophysiological mechanisms for each of the directions of the association between type 2 diabetes and depression and further discusses epigenetics as an additional, direction independent approach. We argue that unspecific pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the stress response might, at least to some extent, explain each of the directions of the association between type 2 diabetes and depression, while changes in brain structure and function among persons with diabetes and possible increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes after use of antidepressant agents could represent more disease specific mechanisms underlying the comorbidity.

scholarly journals Using multimodal MRI to investigate alterations in brain structure and function in rats with type 2 diabetes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Lawson ◽  
Kilian FG Rentrup ◽  
Xuezhu Cai ◽  
Praveen P Kulkarni ◽  
Craig Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objectives This is an exploratory study using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to interrogate the brain of rats with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as compared to controls. It was assumed there would be changes in brain structure and function that reflected the human disorder, thus providing a model system by which to follow disease progression with non-invasive MRI. Methods The transgenic BBZDR/Wor rat, an animal model of T2MD, and age-matched controls were studied for changes in brain structure using voxel-based morphometry, alteration in white and gray matter microarchitecture using diffusion weighted imaging with indices of anisotropy, and functional coupling using resting state BOLD functional connectivity. Images from each modality were registered to, and analyzed, using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site-specific data on over 168 different brain areas. Results There was an overall reduction in brain volume focused primarily on somatosensory cortex, cerebellum and white matter tracts. The putative changes in white and gray matter microarchitecture were pervasive affecting much of the brain and not localized to any region. There was a general increase in connectivity in T2DM rats as compared to controls. The cerebellum presented with strong functional coupling to pons and brainstem in T2DM rats but negative connectivity to hippocampus. Conclusion Are the neuroradiological measures collected in BBBKZ/Wor rats using multimodal imaging methods common to the clinic, similar to those reported in T2DM patents? In comparison to the clinical findings, the data would suggest the BBBKZ/Wor rat is not an appropriate imaging model for T2DM.

P1-444: A TWIN STUDY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES, BRAIN STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_8) ◽  
pp. P483-P484
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Karayiannis ◽  
Chris Moran ◽  
Richard Beare ◽  
James Sharman ◽  
Stephen Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

THE EMERGENCE OF FRAILTY MAY LEAD TO A STATE OF BURNT OUT TYPE 2 DIABETES

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A.H. ABDELHAFIZ ◽  
L. KOAY ◽  
A.J. SINCLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

Ageing is associated with hyperglycaemic tendency due to the change in body composition leading to accumulation of visceral fat and increased insulin resistance on the one hand and reduced insulin secretion due to decreased number and function of the β-cells of the pancreas on the other. However, with the emergence of frailty there may be a tendency towards normoglycaemia or even hypoglycaemia due to malnutrition, weight loss and reduced physiologic reserve. This shift in glucose metabolism induced by frailty may change the natural history of type 2 diabetes from a progressive to a regressive course. Studies which showed increased risk of mortality with low HbA1c included frail patients in the lower HbA1c categories and healthier patients in the higher HbA1c categories suggesting that frailty is a possible confounding factor. Therefore, hypoglycemia may be a prognostic tool to identify vulnerable patients who may be at increased risk of mortality. The metabolic changes of insulin/glucose dynamics associated with frailty need further research.

Relationship Between Respiratory Function and Myocardial Structure and Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease

Kardiologiia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1_2015 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
E.D. Bazdyrev Bazdyrev ◽  
Yu.V. Bayrakova Bayrakova ◽  
O.M. Polikutina Polikutina ◽  
N.A. Bezdenezhnykh Bezdenezhnykh ◽  
Yu.S. Slepynina Slepynina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Myocardial Structure ◽  
And Function
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