scholarly journals Mycological Pattern of Dermatomycoses in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Pragyan Swagatika Panda ◽  
Kabir Sardana ◽  
Sahanawaj Khan
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Normal Laboratory

Background. Dermatomycoses are not diseases requiring compulsory notifications; rather they cause cosmetic defacements. Indian subcontinent with a varied topography is favorable for various fungal infections.Objective. To look for the epidemiological and mycological profile of superficial mycoses in North India.Methods. Three hundred and fifty-one clinical samples of skin, hair, and nail were examined to find the fungal etiology of the dermatomycoses.Results. Dermatomycoses were seen in 215/351 (61.2%) of cases. Most common isolates obtained were nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) (36.1%), followed by dermatophytes (13.8%) and yeasts (8.6%).Aspergillus niger(9%) was the most common mold.Trichophyton rubrum(4.6%) was the most common dermatophyte isolated, while amongst the yeastsNon-albicans Candida(NAC) species were more common (6%). Many other NDMs likeSyncephalastrumspp.,Cunninghamellaspp.,Rhodotorulaspp.,A. terreus, Scytalidiumspp. andScopulariopsisspp. were also isolated.Conclusion. Our study reflects an increasing role of NDMs (thought to be normal laboratory or environmental contaminants) as a causative agent of dermatomycoses, replacing the dermatophytes. Clinician’s awareness of the demographic profile of the population involved along with more studies on dermatomycoses can help in understanding the etiological profile in area, leading to prevention of disease occurrence and cosmetic disfigurement.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Opportunistic Fungal Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Megh S. Dhakad ◽  
Ritu Goyal ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Richa Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV related opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs) continue to cause morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients. The objective for this prospective study is to elucidate the prevalence and spectrum of common OFIs in HIV/AIDS patients in north India. Relevant clinical samples were collected from symptomatic HIV positive patients (n=280) of all age groups and both sexes and subjected to direct microscopy and fungal culture. Identification as well as speciation of the fungal isolates was done as per the standard recommended methods. CD4+T cell counts were determined by flow cytometry using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter Count system. 215 fungal isolates were isolated with the isolation rate of 41.1%.Candidaspecies (86.5%) were the commonest followed byAspergillus(6.5%),Cryptococcus(3.3%),Penicillium(1.9%), andAlternariaandRhodotorulaspp. (0.9% each). AmongCandidaspecies,Candida albicans(75.8%) was the most prevalent species followed byC. tropicalis(9.7%),C. krusei(6.4%),C. glabrata(4.3%),C. parapsilosis(2.7%), andC. kefyr(1.1%). Study demonstrates that the oropharyngeal candidiasis is the commonest among different OFIs and would help to increase the awareness of clinicians in diagnosis and early treatment of these infections helping in the proper management of the patients especially in resource limited countries like ours.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization of dermatophytes at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Kumar ◽  
Vandana Upadhyay ◽  
Amresh K. Singh ◽  
Jayesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Superficial Mycosis

Background and Purpose: Superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, such as India. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of superficial mycosis and identify the most common dermatophytic species in this region. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, a total of 220 skin scraping, nail, and hair root specimens were collected. Direct microscopic examination was performed using potassium hydroxide mount. Additionally, the samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). The fungal colony of each isolates was stained with lactophenol cotton blue mount, and observed under microscope for species identification. Results: Out of 220 isolates, 172 samples, obtained from 108 males 64 females, were positive for skin fungal infections by either KOH mount or culture. Furthermore, 113 isolates were identified as dermatophytes, while 59 samples were found to be non-dermatophytes. Among the dermatophytes isolated from different clinical samples, Trichophyton verrucosum (42/113, 38%) was the most common species, and Tinea corporis was the most common infection (36.2%). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, dermatophytes had an isolation rate of 78%, which is higher than normal. This can be due to the fact that the majority of the patients were from a rural background (71.7%) with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene who were exposed to climatic changes.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatomycosis in a tertiary care hospital of North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Ravika K. Budhiraja ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Sarbjeet Sharma ◽  
Jasleen Kaur ◽  
Roopam Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatomycoses affect the outer layers of the skin, nails and hair without tissue invasion and are often caused by dermatophytic molds, candida &amp; non dermatophytic molds. Although not dangerous, they are important as a public health problem particularly in the immunocompromised. There are limited studies on the efficacy of antifungal agents against dermatophytes in North India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted to test the efficacy of 5 systemic antifungal agents viz. voriconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole &amp; griseofulvin using Microbroth dilution technique.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Three different species of dermatophytes which were isolated from the clinically suspected cases were <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em>, <em>T. rubrum</em> and <em>M. gypseum</em>. According to the obtained results, Itraconazole and Voriconazole showed the lowest MIC range while Fluconazole and Griseofulvin had the highest MIC range for most fungi tested.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Despite several treatment options being available for cutaneous fungal infections, due to an inappropriate response, there is an increasing need for determining an antifungal susceptibility profile for specific fungal strains. This will enable the clinician to select an appropriate antifungal agent with minimal side effects to avoid antifungal resistance and treatment failure.</p>

scholarly journals An Update on Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern (AMR) in COVID-19 Confirmed Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Yadav Boorgula ◽  
Sadhana Yelamanchili ◽  
Pragathi Kottapalli ◽  
Mohini D. Naga
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Secondary Infections

Abstract Introduction Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has limited treatment options, concern has been raised over secondary infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. It has been observed that patients who were infected with COVID-19 were predisposed to develop secondary infections. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the prevalence of the bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients, and also to assess the AMR patterns in the obtained isolates. Methods We have studied 200 clinical samples obtained from 122 COVID-19 positive patients. Pathogens were identified using Vitek 2 system. The demographic and clinical patterns were also observed. Results A total of 122 patients developed secondary infections. Patients aged more than 40 years were majorly affected (p-value < 0.0001). Respiratory samples (n = 96) were predominant. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 68) was the most common pathogen isolated followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 54) and an overall 6% rise in the Carbapenem resistance was observed in the isolates. Conclusion To contain the secondary infections in COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to adhere to antimicrobial stewardship program and timely revise the empirical antibiotic policy.

scholarly journals AIDS-related opportunistic mycoses seen in a tertiary care hospital in North India

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupriya Wadhwa ◽  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Satish Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Shyama Jain ◽  
Preena Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
North India ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Sixty symptomatic confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult patients, of both sexes, suspected of having a fungal infection were taken as a study population, and the clinicomycological profile was correlated with the immunological status of the patients with particular reference to CD4 counts. Relevant samples were collected and subjected to direct microscopy, fungal culture and serology. CD4 counts were determined by flow cytometry. Patients belonged to the age group of 17–65 years, with a male : female ratio of 4.8 : 1. Heterosexuality was the commonest mode of transmission. Candidiasis was the most common diagnosis (41.7 %), followed by cryptococcosis (10.0 %), and pneumocystinosis and aspergillosis (8.3 % each). Two cases of histoplasmosis were also diagnosed. A low mean CD4 count of <200 cells μl−1 was seen with most fungal infections. A total of 73 % of patients belonged to World Health Organization (WHO) stage 4, while 23.33 % belonged to stage 3. Thirty one patients (51.67 %) belonged to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage C3. Various fungal infections correlated well with the mean CD4 counts. It was difficult to correlate statistically WHO and CDC staging because of the small sample size. However, it was possible to assess to a limited extent the possibility of using clinical diagnosis to predict the status of progression of HIV infection in a resource-poor outpatient setting.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4858
Author(s):  
Megh S. Dhakad ◽  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Ritu Goyal ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Richa Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Clinical research in fungal infections is largely a neglected area in health care settings in India. Candida species cause diseases ranging from mucosal infections to systemic mycoses depending on host’s immune status. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile of candidiasis, and their correlation with an immunological profile in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: Clinical details and investigations of 200 symptomatic, confirmed HIV-positive patients, suspected of having candidiasis were recorded and analyzed. Relevant clinical samples depending on the organ system involved were collected and subjected to direct microscopy, culture isolation and serology. Identification and speciation of the isolates was done by biochemical methods as per standard recommended procedures. CD4-count was determined by flow cytometry using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter Count system.Results: Patients ranged from 17-65 years with a mean age of 33.83±9.07 years. Most common clinical presentations were seen to be white oral patches (82%), weight loss (79%), fever (67%), loss of appetite (53%), headache (51.5%), cough (38.5%) and diarrhea (30%).  Gastrointestinal system (35%) was the most commonly involved system. The CD4-counts ranged from 16-1033 cells/μl. 93 (46.5%) patients had CD4-counts <200 cells/μl, while CD4-count <100 cells/μl was seen in 40 (20%) and CD4-count <50 cells/μl in 20 (10%). Candidiasis was detected in 60% of the patients. Yeasts isolated were C. albicans (82.51%), C. tropicalis (6.29%), C. krusei (4.89%), C. parapsilosis (3.49%), and C. glabrata (2.79%).Conclusions: C. albicans was predominant species and presence of oral candidiasis is a matter of concern. Early and accurate diagnosis of candidiasis is one of the keys helps for the success of effective HIV/AIDS disease management. 

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