scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Appetite Response to a Satiating Diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
Anne-Marie Hudon ◽  
Vicky Drapeau ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Over Time

We examined gender differences in appetite sensations when exposed to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) meals and determined whether there are gender differences in the change in the satiating properties of the MedDiet over time. Thirty-eight men and 32 premenopausal women consumed a 4-week isoenergetic MedDiet under controlled conditions. Visual analogue scales were used to measure perceived appetite sensations before and immediately after each meal consumed over the course of one day (Wednesday) of the first and the fourth week of intervention. Women reported greater decreases for desire to eat, hunger, and appetite score than men in response to the consumption of the MedDiet meals (gender-by-meal interactions, resp.,P=0.04,P=0.048, andP=0.03). Fullness and prospective food consumption responses did not significantly differ between men and women. Between the first and the fourth week of intervention, premeal prospective food consumption increased with time in men (P=0.0007) but not in women (P=0.84;Pfor gender-by-time interaction = 0.04). These results indicate gender differences in appetite sensations when exposed to the MedDiet. These results may be useful in order to have a better understanding of gender issues for body weight management.

scholarly journals The Road to Parenthood: Income and First Births in Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Germán Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Income Effect ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

This paper considers the effect of income on the risk of having the first births in Sweden from 1968 to 2009. Variations by gender are given particular atention. The study follows men and women from the moment they turn 18 until they enter parenthood and it is based on register-based data covering the entire population of Sweden. Complementary log-log models show that there is a positive association between income and the risk of childbearing. The association gets stronger over time and the differences between men and women diminish. Gender differences appear when the income effect is related to the demand for work in the economy. An income above the median does not increase the risk of childbearing for women when the demand for work is relatively high.

scholarly journals Trends in Fermented Food Consumption and Sodium Intake from Fermented Foods for Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (P18-025-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyoung Kim ◽  
Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽  
Hyun Ja Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives To examine the trends in the consumption of fermented foods and sodium intake over time, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods This research study is a secondary analysis using KNHANES data from 1998 to 2016 which is a cross-sectional survey. The target population was Korean adults, ages ≥19 years and the total number was 76,199, with 32,324 men and 43,875 women. Assessment of fermented food consumption and sodium intake was conducted via analysis of 24-hour dietary recall data. Multivariate linear regressions and logistic regressions were performed to calculate the P for trends by applying strata, cluster, and sampling weights by SAS PROC SURVEY. Age was standardized for all analyses in order to calculate P for trends for education, income, fermented food consumption, and sodium intake. Results A significant decline in fermented food consumption was observed in both men and women (P < 0.0001). Among fermented foods, kimchi consumption was greatly reduced while pickled vegetables consumption showed a marked increase. Similarly, sodium intake from fermented foods significantly declined over time in both men and women (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The consumption of fermented foods and sodium intake from fermented foods by Korean adults significantly decreased over time from 1998 to 2016. Funding Sources N/A.

Gender Differences in Complicated Grief among the Elderly

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Bierhals ◽  
Holly G. Prigerson ◽  
Amy Fasiczka ◽  
Ellen Frank ◽  
Mark Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Over Time

The resolution of grief has been frequently posited to progress through stages. Seventy-one widows and twenty-six widowers bereaved from five months to thirty-seven years were studied to determine if their resolution of grief-related symptoms could be mapped onto a stage theory of grief and to examine if men and women follow the same temporal course. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences in complicated grief symptoms over time and between widows and widowers. Widowers bereaved three years or longer were found to have increased bitterness. By contrast, widows who were bereaved three years and beyond were found to have lower levels of complicated grief. These preliminary findings suggest that grief may not resolve in stages and that symptoms of complicated grief may not decline significantly over time. Rather symptoms of complicated grief appear to remain stable at least for the first three years of bereavement for both men and women but, thereafter, among widowers tend to increase and among widows to decrease.

Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Janssen ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
ZiMian Wang ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol

We employed a whole body magnetic resonance imaging protocol to examine the influence of age, gender, body weight, and height on skeletal muscle (SM) mass and distribution in a large and heterogeneous sample of 468 men and women. Men had significantly ( P < 0.001) more SM in comparison to women in both absolute terms (33.0 vs. 21.0 kg) and relative to body mass (38.4 vs. 30.6%). The gender differences were greater in the upper (40%) than lower (33%) body ( P < 0.01). We observed a reduction in relative SM mass starting in the third decade; however, a noticeable decrease in absolute SM mass was not observed until the end of the fifth decade. This decrease was primarily attributed to a decrease in lower body SM. Weight and height explained ∼50% of the variance in SM mass in men and women. Although a linear relationship existed between SM and height, the relationship between SM and body weight was curvilinear because the contribution of SM to weight gain decreased with increasing body weight. These findings indicate that men have more SM than women and that these gender differences are greater in the upper body. Independent of gender, aging is associated with a decrease in SM mass that is explained, in large measure, by a decrease in lower body SM occurring after the fifth decade.

The Reasons for Suicide in Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Yukio Saito
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Common Precipitant ◽  
Over Time

A study of the reasons for suicide from 1978 to 1995 in Japan revealed strong trends over time and strong gender differences. For both men and women, suicides due to relationship problems became less common over the period; for men job stress became a more common precipitant, while for women psychiatric disorder became a more common precipitant. Years of high unemployment witnessed higher proportions of suicides due to economic hardship, lending support to the reliability and validity of these data.

Quantifying gender distances in education, occupation and employment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Symeonaki ◽  
Celestine Filopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of gender in education, occupation and employment in Southern Europe and more specifically in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The goal is to provide measures that can trace gender differences with respect to their educational and employment features in these countries, explore whether these differences converge over time and compare the patterns observed in each country given their socio-economic similarities. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses raw data drawn from the European Social Survey (ESS) for the decade 2002-2012. It provides a method for quantifying gender differences in education, occupation and employment and their evolution over time based on distance measures. Findings The results reveal that gender distances in education have gradually subsided in these countries. However, occupational choices differ steadily over the years for all countries. The paper provides, therefore, solid evidence that equalizing the level of education between men and women during those years did not result in a decrease in the occupational distances between them. Moreover, based on the latest round the findings suggest that men and women are equally likely to having experienced unemployment within the last five years. Research limitations/implications Further research could be done to include results based on raw data from the seventh round of the ESS. This may provide valuable information for Spain and Portugal who did participate in this round. Social implications This research implies that more needs to be done to accelerate progress in order to achieve gender occupational equality in Southern Europe. Originality/value This paper draws attention to issues concerning gender differences in education, horizontal and vertical segregation and employment for which it provides distance measures and evidence of how they have evolved over time, based on raw data analysis from the ESS.

scholarly journals The stories that make us: Leaders’ origin stories and temporal identity work

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872672090986
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Alyson Meister ◽  
Brianna Barker Caza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Women Leaders ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Leader Identity ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
Four Frames ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

The stories we tell about our origins can shape how we think and act – helping us make sense of and communicate who we have “become” over time. To better understand the role that origin stories play in individuals’ work lives, we explore how 92 men and women leaders make sense of “becoming” a leader (origin stories) and “doing” leadership (enactment stories). We find that, despite the uniqueness of their experiences, their narratives converge around four frames, being, engaging, performing, and accepting, through which they understand, articulate, and enact their leader identities. We theorize that these narrative frames serve as sensemaking and identity work devices which allow them to create temporal coherence, validate their leader identity claims, and offer them behavioral scripts. Our findings also unearth key gender differences in the use of these frames, in that men used the performing frame more often and women tended toward the engaging frame. These findings provide novel insights into the ways in which the gendered context of leadership becomes embedded in leaders’ understandings of who they are and what they intend to do in their roles. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings on scholarly conversations around identity, leadership, and gender.

scholarly journals Consuming Gymnema sylvestre Reduces the Desire for High-Sugar Sweet Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Sophie Turner ◽  
Charles Diako ◽  
Rozanne Kruger ◽  
Marie Wong ◽  
Warrick Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Design ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Sweet Food ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Single Blind

Background. Gymnemic acids, from the plant Gymnema sylvestre (GS), selectively suppress taste responses to sweet compounds without affecting the perception of other taste elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming a GS-containing mint on the desire to consume high-sugar sweet foods directly thereafter. Methods. This study utilized a single-blind, crossover design comparing the consumption of a mint (dissolving tablet) containing 4 mg of gymnemic acids with an isocaloric placebo in 56 healthy young men and women. Participants were given samples of their favourite chocolate (varied between 14–18 g; energy varied between 292–370 kJ) and were directed to rate on their hunger on 100-mm visual analogue scales 30 s prior to consuming high-sugar sweet food (chocolate). They then consumed the GS mint or placebo mint and rated their perceived pleasantness and desire for more chocolate on separate visual analogue scales immediately following consumption of the high-sugar sweet food before being offered up to five additional servings (and asked to rate hunger, pleasantness and desire to eat more chocolate between each ingestion period). Results. The number of chocolate bars eaten decreased by 0.48 bars (21.3%) within a 15-min period of consumption of the GS mint (p = 0.006). Desire to eat more of the high-sugar sweet food (p = 0.011) and pleasantness of the high-sugar sweet food (p < 0.001) was reduced after GS mint intake. Those who reported having a ‘sweet tooth’ had a greater reduction in the pleasantness of chocolate (p = 0.037) and desire to eat more (p = 0.004) after consuming the GS mint for the first serving of a high-sugar sweet food following the mint. Conclusion. Consuming gymnema-containing mints compared to placebo significantly reduced the quantity of chocolate eaten mainly due to a decrease in the desire and pleasantness of consuming it.

scholarly journals Nineteen-year trends in fermented food consumption and sodium intake from fermented foods for Korean adults from 1998 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Young Kim ◽  
Jeanne H Freeland-Graves ◽  
Hyun Ja Kim
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjective:Fermented foods such as kimchi are traditional foods in Korea and could provide beneficial health effects. However, fermented foods also contribute to increased Na intake since salt is added during the fermentation process. The present research aimed to examine trends in the consumption of fermented foods and Na intake over time by Korean adults, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Design:KNHANES is a cross-sectional survey; data from 1998 to 2016 were divided into seven groups from KNHANES I to VII.Setting:Demographic information on sex, age, education and income were collected. Assessment of fermented food and Na consumption was conducted via analysis of 24 h dietary recall data. Multivariate linear regressions and logistic regressions were performed to calculate the P for trends by applying strata, cluster and sampling weights by SAS PROC SURVEY.Participants:The target population was Korean adults, aged ≥19 years, who participated in a 24 h dietary recall. The total number was 76 199, with 32 324 men and 43 875 women.Results:A significant decline in fermented food consumption was observed from 1998 to 2016 in both men and women (P < 0·0001). Among fermented foods, kimchi consumption was greatly reduced while pickled vegetables consumption showed a marked increase. Similarly, Na intake from fermented foods declined significantly over time in both men and women (P < 0·0001).Conclusions:The consumption of fermented foods and Na intake from fermented foods by Korean adults decreased significantly over time from 1998 to 2016.

Variation in the education gradient of body weight in contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-329
Author(s):  
Weixiang Luo ◽  
Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Education Gradient

Using data from the 1991–2009 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, this paper examines the temporal–spatial variation in the education gradient of body weight relative to height among Chinese adults, and how the variation is associated with levels of economic development. We find different variation patterns for men and women. For women, the education gradient in body weight shifted from being positive to being negative over time for China as a whole, as well as across regions with different levels of economic development. In contrast, for men, higher education remained consistently associated with higher body weight over the 18-year period studied in China as a whole, as well as across regions with different levels of economic development.

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