scholarly journals P300 and Decision Making under Risk and Ambiguity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jiehui Zheng ◽  
Shenwei Huang ◽  
Haoye Sun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ambiguous Condition

Our study aims to contrast the neural temporal features of early stage of decision making in the context of risk and ambiguity. In monetary gambles under ambiguous or risky conditions, 12 participants were asked to make a decision to bet or not, with the event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded meantime. The proportion of choosing to bet in ambiguous condition was significantly lower than that in risky condition. An ERP component identified as P300 was found. The P300 amplitude elicited in risky condition was significantly larger than that in ambiguous condition. The lower bet rate in ambiguous condition and the smaller P300 amplitude elicited by ambiguous stimuli revealed that people showed much more aversion in the ambiguous condition than in the risky condition. The ERP results may suggest that decision making under ambiguity occupies higher working memory and recalls more past experience while decision making under risk mainly mobilizes attentional resources to calculate current information. These findings extended the current understanding of underlying mechanism for early assessment stage of decision making and explored the difference between the decision making under risk and ambiguity.

Eye region as a predictor of holistic facial aesthetic judgment: An eventrelated potential study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Yezi Chen ◽  
Yiran Zhu ◽  
Haibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Eye Region

Event-related potentials (ERP) play an important role in the early detection of emotional arousal. Previous studies of aesthetics have shown that the positive component appearing around 200 ms after stimulus (P2) and the larger late positive component (LPC) are closely related to the early stage of aesthetic judgment. We investigated the temporal features of facial aesthetic judgment on the basis of facial features by using the ERP technique. Participants were instructed to predict holistic face aesthetic level based on the regions of eyes, mouth, or nose. Behavioral results show that holistic score predictions based on the eye region were no different to holistic aesthetic ratings. The ERP analysis results show that beautiful eyes and faces elicited a smaller P2 amplitude and LPC amplitude when judging the holistic aesthetic. The P2 effect of facial aesthetics may reflect automatic processing of facial aesthetics and the difference in LPC may be related to motivational attention to facial aesthetics. Because of the similar ERP effect between the holistic facial aesthetic judgment and the aesthetic judgment of eye region, this region may play a significant role in predicting holistic facial aesthetics. The implication is that the eyes are not only a window to the soul, but also a benchmark of beauty.

Misattribution of sensory input reflected in dysfunctional target[ratio ]non-target ERPs in schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN ◽  
E. GORDON ◽  
L. WILLIAMS ◽  
H. BAHRAMALI ◽  
A. HARRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Target Ratio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Stored Information

Background. While numerous studies have found disturbances in the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) of patients with schizophrenia linked to task relevant target stimuli (most notably a reduction in P300 amplitude), few have examined ERPs to task irrelevant non-targets. We hypothesize, from current models of dysfunction in information processing in schizophrenia, that there will be less difference between ERPs to targets and non-targets in patients with schizophrenia than in controls.Methods. EEGs were recorded for 40 subjects with schizophrenia and 40 age and sex matched controls during an auditory oddball reaction time task. ERPs to the targets and non-targets immediately preceding the targets were averaged separately.Results. There was a disturbance in ERPs to targets but also to non-targets (reduced N100 amplitude and earlier P200 latency) and the difference between target and non-target ERP components (N100 and P200 amplitude and P200 latency), was significantly reduced in the schizophrenic group compared with controls.Conclusions. These findings suggest a disturbance in processing task relevant and irrelevant stimuli, consistent with Gray's (1998) hypothesis of misattributions in the ‘match[ratio ]mismatch’ of novel (target) and familiar (non-target) sensory input compared with stored information.

scholarly journals Anytime collaborative brain–computer interfaces for enhancing perceptual group decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Davide Valeriani ◽  
Caterina Cinel ◽  
Luca Citi ◽  
Riccardo Poli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Perceptual Group ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractIn this paper we present, and test in two realistic environments, collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces (cBCIs) that can significantly increase both the speed and the accuracy of perceptual group decision-making. The key distinguishing features of this work are: (1) our cBCIs combine behavioural, physiological and neural data in such a way as to be able to provide a group decision at any time after the quickest team member casts their vote, but the quality of a cBCI-assisted decision improves monotonically the longer the group decision can wait; (2) we apply our cBCIs to two realistic scenarios of military relevance (patrolling a dark corridor and manning an outpost at night where users need to identify any unidentified characters that appear) in which decisions are based on information conveyed through video feeds; and (3) our cBCIs exploit Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited in brain activity by the appearance of potential threats but, uniquely, the appearance time is estimated automatically by the system (rather than being unrealistically provided to it). As a result of these elements, in the two test environments, groups assisted by our cBCIs make both more accurate and faster decisions than when individual decisions are integrated in more traditional manners.

scholarly journals The evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with event-related potentials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to cognitive function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Joanna Bladowska ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz ◽  
Marek Sąsiadek ◽  
Edyta Dziadkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractThyroid dysfunction is very often accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders. The frequency of these disorders in patients with compensated Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate brain dysfunction in euthyroid HT patients by means of event-related potentials (ERP) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate it with cognitive function. 68 patients with HT (59 female, 9 male) and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. All the patients underwent ERP including an analysis of N200 and P300 response parameters. MRS voxels were located in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and the left parietal white matter (PWM). The NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were analysed. The ERP parameters, MRS metabolite ratios and hormonal concentrations (TSH, fT3, fT4) as well as TGAb and TPOAb titer were also correlated. There was a significant prolongation of the latencies of N200 and P300 potentials and a significant decrease of P300 amplitude in HT patients than in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the mI/Cr ratio in the PCG area and P300 latencies. NAA/Cr ratio in the PCG region showed significant negative correlations with all N200 latencies. The results may suggest brain dysfunction in neurologically asymptomatic HT patients. ERPs undergo significant changes in patients with HT and may, in combination with MRS, constitute an important element in the recognition and monitoring of cognitive functions in this group of patients.

Availability of dopamine transporters and auditory P300 abnormalities in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: preliminary results

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Lin Chu ◽  
I Hui Lee ◽  
Mei Hung Chi ◽  
Kao Chin Chen ◽  
Po See Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Related Potentials

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that there is dopamine transporter (DAT) dysregulation and P300 abnormality in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the correlations among the three have not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 11 adults (9 males and 2 females) with ADHD and 11 age-, sex-, and education-level-matched controls were recruited. We explored differences in DAT availability using single-photon emission computed tomography and P300 wave of event-related potentials between the two groups. The correlation between DAT availability and P300 performance was also examined.ResultsDAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD had lower auditory P300 amplitudes at the Pz and Cz sites, as well as longer Fz latency than controls. DAT availability was negatively correlated to P300 latency at Pz and Fz.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD had both abnormal DAT availability and P300 amplitude, suggesting that ADHD is linked to dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system and poor cognitive processes related to response selection and execution.

scholarly journals The Role of Leadership Level in College Students’ Decision-Making: Evidence From Event-Related Potential Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Yang ◽  
Shunshun Du ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Chengming Wang ◽  
Xueke Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leadership Group ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Economic Transaction

Although risk decision-making plays an important role in leadership practice, the distinction in behavior between humans with differing levels of leadership, as well as the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms involved, remain unclear. In this study, the Ultimatum Game (UG) was utilized in concert with electroencephalograms (EEG) to investigate the temporal course of cognitive and emotional processes involved in economic decision-making between high and low leadership level college students. Behavioral results from this study found that the acceptance rates in an economic transaction, when the partner was a computer under unfair/sub unfair condition, were significantly higher than in transactions with real human partners for the low leadership group, while there was no significant difference in acceptance rates for the high leadership group. Results from Event-Related Potentials (ERP) analysis further indicated that there was a larger P3 amplitude in the low leadership group than in the high leadership group. We concluded that the difference between high and low leadership groups was at least partly due to their different emotional management abilities.

Comparison of attentional resource allocation to threat and selfrelevant information: An event-related potentials study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Information Type

Although previous researchers have shown that attention is preferentially allocated during situations involving both threat and selfrelevant information, it is unclear which information type requires more cognitive resources. We compared the automatic processing of threat and self-relevant stimuli using the no-report oddball paradigm. Participants looked at images on a computer screen that displayed fighting with opponents or interacting with friends or customers. The body action of the person depicted was performed either toward the viewing participant or toward other people. Participants watched without making an explicit response, and event-related potentials were measured with electroencephalography. We found that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information elicited a larger P300 amplitude, and for nonthreatening events the P300 amplitude was larger for self-relevant than other-relevant stimuli. These results indicate that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information demands more cognitive resources, possibly because people prioritize survival.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Shashikanta Tarai
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Stroop Tasks

This chapter discusses neurocognitive mechanisms in terms of latency and amplitudes of EEG signals in depression that are presented in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs). Reviewing the available literature on depression, this chapter classifies early P100, ERN, N100, N170, P200, N200, and late P300 ERP components in frontal, mid-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Using auditory oddball paradigm, most of the studies testing depressive patients have found robust P300 amplitude reduction. Proposing EEG methods and summarizing behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological findings, this chapter discusses how the different tasks, paradigms, and stimuli contribute to the cohesiveness of neural signatures and psychobiological markers for identifying the patients with depression. Existing research gaps are directed to conduct ERP studies following go/no-go, flanker interference, and Stroop tasks on global and local attentional stimuli associated with happy and sad emotions to examine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in depression.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Word Memory Test Analogue Differentiates Intentional Feigning from True Responding Using the P300 Event-Related Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Shelley-Tremblay ◽  
Joshua C. Eyer ◽  
Benjamin D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Feigned Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Related Potentials

Symptom exaggeration and feigned cognitive impairment occur commonly in forensic and medicolegal evaluations. As a result, methods to detect feigned cognitive impairment are an indispensable component of neuropsychological assessments. This study reports the results of two neurophysiological experiments using a forced-choice recognition task built from the stimuli of the Word Memory Test and Medical Symptom Validity Test as well as a new linguistically informed stimulus set. Participant volunteers were instructed either to do their best or to feign cognitive impairment consistent with a mild traumatic brain injury while their brain activity was monitored using event-related potentials (ERP). Experiment 1 varied instructions across individuals, whereas Experiment 2 varied instructions within individuals. The target brain component was a positive deflection indicating stimulus recognition that occurs approximately 300 ms after exposure to a stimulus (i.e., the P300). Multimodal comparison (P300 amplitude to behavioral accuracy) allowed the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. Results indicate that, for correct responses, P300s were equivalent for the simulated malingering and good effort conditions. However, for incorrect responses, feigned impairment produced reliable but significantly reduced P300 amplitudes. Although the P300 is an automatic index of recognition—even when knowledge is hidden—its amplitude appears capable of modulation by feigning strategies. Implications of this finding are discussed for research and clinical applications.

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