scholarly journals Efficient Rooting System for Apple “M.9” Rootstock Using Rice Seed Coat and Smocked Rice Seed Coat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matiullah Akbari ◽  
Tsutomu Maejima ◽  
Shungo Otagaki ◽  
Katsuhiro Shiratake ◽  
Shogo Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Shallow Roots

“M.9” rootstock is considered as one of the most useful apple (MalusxdomesticaBorkh.) rootstocks; it produces dwarfing trees efficiently. As “M.9” rootstock shows a poor, brittle, and shallow roots system, we grafted “M.9” rootstocks onto “Marubakaidou” (M. prunifoliaBorkh. var. ringo Asami Mo 84-A). We then propagated them by mound layering to establish a high-density root system. It was found that covering the roots with rice seed coat (RSC), RSC + smoked rice seed coat (SRSC), and vermiculite during mound layering was effective for the initiation of rooting. Utilizing RSC and SRSC seemed especially effective for producing “M.9” roots efficiently.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Giuseppe Sciara ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

Biochemical aspects of assimilate transfers along the phloem path: N-solutes in lupins

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Selective Transfer ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Genes Encoding

Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L., L. albus L.) are prolific ‘phloem bleeders’, allowing collection of exu-dates en route to or at phloem-fed sinks such as shoot apices, developing fruits and the root system, as well as at or exiting the sources of phloem-borne solutes, leaves, petioles and stems. Consequently, it has been possible to quan-tify the relative contributions of xylem and phloem solutes to the nutrition of each developing organ of a lupin plant. Studies that identify the sites and, especially for solutes containing N, the nature of transfers between the two long distance translocation channels are reviewed. These transfers are solute-specific and can be accounted for largely by transfer of asparagine. In leaves, direct transfer of asparagine from xylem to phloem in minor veins, such that metabolism is precluded, is the most significant feature of N redistribution in the shoot. Current research is aimed at identifying and isolating genes encoding amino acid transporters expressed in strategically placed cells (possibly transfer cells) at nodes, at the inner epidermis of the seed coat and the epidermis of the developing cotyledons. Special emphasis is placed on transporters for selective transfer of asparagine.

scholarly journals Construction of a high-density genetic map: genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to map purple seed coat color (Psc) in hulless barley

Hereditas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Yao ◽  
Kunlun Wu ◽  
Youhua Yao ◽  
Yixiong Bai ◽  
Jingxiu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Hulless Barley

ROOT SYSTEM GROWTH AND CONFORMATION OF PEACH GRAFTED ON TWO ROOTSTOCKS IN HIGH DENSITY ORCHARDS

1993 ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Massai ◽  
C. Xiloyannis ◽  
D. Piccotino ◽  
G. Baroni
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
High Density

scholarly journals High-density linkage map reveals QTL for Type-I seed coat cracking in RIL population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom Kyu Kang ◽  
Jeong Hyun Seo ◽  
Hyun Jo ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Man Soo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
High Density ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

Abstract Seed coat cracking (SCC), particularly the Type-I irregular cracking, is critical in determining the quality of appearance and commercial value of soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SCC with high-density genetic map. One hundred sixty-seven recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between Uram (SCC-resistant) and Chamol (SCC-susceptible) were evaluated for SCC over 2 years (2016–2017). The QTL analysis identified 12 QTLs located on chromosomes 2 (D1b), 6 (C2), 8 (A2), 9 (K), 10 (O), 12 (H), 19 (L), and 20 (I). Out of the 12 QTLs, qSC2-1, qSC9, SC10-1, qSC10-2, and qSC12 were novel QTLs and the other seven QTLs (qSC2-2, qSC2-3, qSC6, qSC8, qSC19-1, qSC19-2, and qSC20) were found to co-localize with the previously identified QTLs. The mean SCC of the RILs of early maturity group was significantly higher than that of the late maturity group, suggesting an association between SCC and maturity loci. In addition, although 10 QTLs were distantly located from the maturity loci (E1, E3, E4, E7, and E10), qSC10-1 and qSC10-2 co-localized with the maturity loci E2. The results obtained in this study provide useful genetic information on SCC which could be used in the SCC breeding programs.

Desenvolvimento Radicular de Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) em Dois Solos

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Wesley Machado ◽  
Augusto César Gasparetto ◽  
Letícia Suemy Barreto Morimoto ◽  
Maria De Fátima Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Average Height ◽  
State University ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata ◽  
Shallow Roots

O sistema radicular das plantas tem papel fundamental na absorção dos nutrientes e na sua sustentação. As palmeiras possuem raízes pouco profundas, mas oferecem grande aporte ao seu sustento. Suas raízes formam um aglomerado de raízes secundárias, terciárias e quaternárias constituindo um bom sistema de absorção de água e de nutrientes. O estudo de raízes é moroso, e em palmeiras é incipiente. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento radicular da Acrocomia aculeata ecotipo sclerocarpa em dois solos. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, em vasos preenchidos com dois solos, Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (argiloso) e um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (arenoso), em telado. Avaliou-se o sistema radicular da macaúba a cada 90 dias se utilizando o programa Safira®. As variáveis avaliadas foram: volume (mm3), área (mm2), diâmetro (cm) e comprimento (mm) de raízes. A parte aérea também foi mensurada a cada 30 dias, em altura (cm), diâmetro do coleto (cm) e número de folhas. As plantas foram avaliadas até 360 dias. Verificou-se um aumento significativo, nos dois solos, para todas as variáveis. O sistema radicular no Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico se desenvolveu melhor atingindo médias elevadas, exceto no comprimento. O Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, aos 360 dias, obteve o maior comprimento de raízes. Na parte aérea, o solo arenoso se destacou em relação ao argiloso, mantendo suas médias constantes em altura, número de folhas e diâmetro. Palavras-chave: Sistema Radicular. Latossolo. sclerocarpa. AbstractThe plants’ root system plays a key role in the nutrients absorption in their support. Palm trees have shallow roots, but offer great contribution to their livelihood. Their roots form a cluster of secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots constituting a good system for absorbing water and nutrients. The study of roots is lengthy, and in  palm trees, it is incipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the root development of Acrocomia aculeata sclerocarpa ecotype in two soils. The study was conducted at the State University of Londrina, in pots filled with two soils, Oxisol (clayey) and an Oxisol (sandy), in greenhouse. The root system of macaw  palm  was evaluated every 90 days using the Safira® program. The variables evaluated were: volume (mm3), area (mm2), diameter (cm) and length (mm) of roots. The shoot was also measured every 30 days, height (cm), stem diameter (cm) and number of leaves. The plants were evaluated up to 360 days. There was a significant increase in both soils, for all the variables. The root system in Oxisol (clayey) developed better  hitting high averages, except length. The Oxisol (sandy) at 360 days, had the highest root length. In the shoots, the sandy soil stood out compared to clay, maintaining its constant average height, leaf number and diameter. Keywords: Root system. Oxisol. sclerocarpa.

scholarly journals A high-density genetic map constructed using specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing and QTL mapping of seed-related traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Du ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Libin Wei ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Yinghui Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
High Density ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Specific Length

Abstract Background Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n = 2x = 26) is an important oilseed crop with high oil content but small seed size. To reveal the genetic loci of the quantitative seed-related traits, we constructed a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage map of an F2 population by using specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) technique and determined the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of seed-related traits for sesame based on the phenotypes of F3 progeny. Results The genetic map comprised 2159 SNP markers distributed on 13 linkage groups (LGs) and was 2128.51 cM in length, with an average distance of 0.99 cM between adjacent markers. QTL mapping revealed 19 major-effect QTLs with the phenotypic effect (R2) more than 10%, i.e., eight QTLs for seed coat color, nine QTLs for seed size, and two QTLs for 1000-seed weight (TSW), using composite interval mapping method. Particularly, LG04 and LG11 contained collocated QTL regions for the seed coat color and seed size traits, respectively, based on their close or identical locations. In total, 155 candidate genes for seed coat color, 22 for seed size traits, and 54 for TSW were screened and analyzed. Conclusions This report presents the first QTL mapping of seed-related traits in sesame using an F2 population. The results reveal the location of specific markers associated with seed-related traits in sesame and provide the basis for further seed quality traits research.

scholarly journals Updated sesame genome assembly and fine mapping of plant height and seed coat color QTLs using a new high-density genetic map

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhai Wang ◽  
Qiuju Xia ◽  
Yanxin Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
High Density ◽  
Seed Coat Color

Structure of the Surface Root System of Eucalyptus Marginata Sm. And Its Infection by Phytophthora Cinnamomi Rands

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Shea ◽  
B Dell
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
High Density ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Small N ◽  
A Site

The structure of the surface root system of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) trees was examined on a number of freely drained upland sites with different fire and management histories. The roots typically occurred in patches but in some stands formed extensive sheets. On excavation; this surface root system was composed of pads ranging in size from 10 cm to 1-3 m in diameter and c. 5 cm thick. The pads consist of short roots 1-3 mm long (which commonly form dense clusters around lateritic pebbles) which arise from small (n - 1)*th order laterals 0.5-1.5 cm long connected to (n - 2)*th order laterals 2-5 cm long and up to 0.7 mm in diameter. Mycorrhizal roots were common throughout the surface root pads. During the summer drought many of the short lateral roots die but the main framework of the roots of the surface pads is perennial. Following rains or irrigation, new, short lateral roots form rapidly from the framework of roots in the surface pads. Phytophthora cinnamomi was consistently recovered from short lateral roots and from the perennial roots (n - 1, n - 2) which form the framework of the root pads at a site in diseased forest where a high density of P. cinnamomi had been induced in the soil by irrigation. We hypothesize that the destruction of some of the perennial components of the root pads could explain why P. cinnamonzi can cause the decline and death of jarrah in an environment only marginally favourable for the fungus.

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