scholarly journals NIRS Characterization of Paper Pulps to Predict Kappa Number

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moral ◽  
Elena Cabeza ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Antonio Tijero
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Special Relevance

Rice is one of the most abundant food crops in the world and its straw stands as an important source of fibres both from an economic and an environmental point of view. Pulp characterization is of special relevance in works involving alternative raw materials, since pulp properties are closely linked to the quality of the final product. One of the analytical techniques that can be used in pulp characterization is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The use of NIRS has economic and technical advantages over conventional techniques. This paper aims to discuss the convenience of using NIRS to predict Kappa number in rice straw pulps produced under different conditions. We found that the resulting Kappa number can be acceptably estimated by NIRS, as the errors obtained with that method are similar to those found for other techniques.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Microstructure Analysis for Characterization and Provenance of Ceramic Artifacts from Late Helladic Kastrouli Settlement, Delphi (Central Greece)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vayia Xanthopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Iliopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Liritzis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Local Geology

The present study deals with the characterization of a ceramic assemblage from the Late Mycenaean (Late Helladic III) settlement of Kastrouli, at Desfina near Delphi, Central Greece using various analytical techniques. Kastrouli is located in a strategic position supervising the Mesokampos plateau and the entire peninsula and is related to other nearby coeval settlements. In total 40 ceramic sherds and 8 clay raw materials were analyzed through mineralogical, petrographic and microstructural techniques. Experimental briquettes (DS) made from clayey raw materials collected in the vicinity of Kastrouli, were fired under temperatures (900 and 1050 °C) in oxidizing conditions for comparison with the ancient ceramics. The petrographic analysis performed on thin sections prepared from the sherds has permitted the identification of six main fabric groups and a couple of loners. The aplastic inclusions recognized in all fabric groups but one confirmed the local provenance since they are related to the local geology. Fresh fractures of representative sherds were further examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) helping us to classify them into calcareous (CaO > 6%) and non-calcareous (CaO < 6%) samples (low and high calcium was noted in earlier pXRF data). Here, the ceramic sherds with broad calcium separation are explored on a one-to-one comparison on the basis of detailed mineralogical microstructure. Moreover, their microstructure was studied, aiming to estimate their vitrification stage. The mineralogy of all studied samples was determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), permitting us to test the validity of the firing temperatures revealed by the SEM analysis. The results obtained through the various analytical techniques employed are jointly assessed in order to reveal potters’ technological choices.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR RUANG LIMINAL ANTARA SEBUAH DUALISME (BERTANI DAN MELAUT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Michael Gideon Josian ◽  
Maria Veronica Gandha
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Letting Go

The future of dwelling has a very board context and will continue to be discussed, it is possible that the discussions about “dwelling” is come from the environment of farming and fishing. Things that are not much cared for but still have a role in the survival of the world. Therefore this matter will be discussed using the role of architecture as space, to be able to create an ideal system by paying attention to the quality of farming and fishing for the future, and leaving a trace or memory to be able to carry messages for the future. Talking about the future of an interaction that occurs between the general public and farmers and fishermen, especially considering that farmers and fishermen themselves can be compared to two different poles, a liminal space is needed, which may already exist indirectly in the environment. By letting go of individual egos and emphasizing ego to the point of view of farmers and fishermen. To present a common space, or a place that contains a special character of a city that contains a message for the future. Keywords:  dualism; hope; liminal; trace;  Abstrak Masa depan cara berhuni memiliki konteks yang sangat luas dan akan terus diperbincangkan. Tidak menutup kemungkinan datang dari pembahasan mengenai cara berhuni dengan bertani dan melaut. Hal yang tidak banyak dipedulikan tetapi tetap memiliki peran dalam kelangsungan dunia. Oleh karena itu, masa depan berhuni ini akan dibahas dengan menggunakan peran arsitektur sebagai ruang, untuk dapat menciptakan sistem yang ideal dengan memperhatikan kualitas bertani dan melaut bagi masa depan, dan meninggalkan sebuah jejak atau kenangan untuk dapat membawa pesan bagi masa depan. Berbicara mengenai masa depan dari sebuah interaksi yang terjadi antara masyarakat umum dengan para petani dan nelayan, apalagi mengingat para petani dan nelayan itu sendiri dapat diibaratkan berada pada kedua kutub yang berbeda, maka dibutuhkanlah sebuah ruang liminal, yang mungkin sudah hadir secara tidak langsung pada lingkungan masyarakat. Dengan cara melepaskan ego individual dan menekankan ego kepada sudut pandang para petani dan nelayan. Untuk menghadirkan sebuah ruang bersama, atau sebuah tempat yang mengandung sebuah karakter tersendiri dari sebuah kota yang berisi pesan bagi masa depan.

scholarly journals RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN ENTERPRISES, AUDIT AND INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Nemchenko ◽  
Yurii Melnyk ◽  
Hanna Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Research

The article considers the methodology of scientific research at enterprises, the main emphasis is placed on the issue of audit and innovation in improving enterprise management. Yes, today the world is in crisis in the economy due to the COVID-19 virus. However, appropriate measures are needed to get out of this situation as soon as possible. Universities pay special attention to research that provides new knowledge, helps in solving problems, decision-making, discovery, invention, conflict resolution. Without "theory", appropriate research, practice is impossible, as the article proves. Yes, an important factor that determines the success of the audit is the audit. Its absence causes a crisis in the company, which can lead to bankruptcy. Therefore, sufficient attention should be paid to the issue of audit in scientific research. Moreover, innovations contribute to the development of enterprises. However, it does not make sense to implement them without appropriate scientific and financial research - innovations must be relevant to the company, make a profit after their implementation, as well as stimulated by the state. However, it is equally important to take into account innovation, environmental friendliness and profitability. Food quality management depends not only on the company that produces them, processing technology, suppliers of raw materials (agriculture), but also on medical standards, recommendations, marketing, consumer market research, their features. Production in the world is becoming human-oriented, so it changes the guidelines, management not only in the enterprise but also in the regions and society. It is no coincidence that in international practice more and more often to determine the quality of life in the country instead of GDP use the happiness index, which includes along with the level of income and life expectancy. There is a need to "supplement" medical expertise with economic and environmental ones. We are talking about the "birth" of a new medical, economic and environmental examination of food products (MEEEFP). The higher the quality of food, the higher its competitiveness, better management in a saturated market, the quality of the environment and the quality of labor reproduction, increase life expectancy, GDP of the region and the country. This quality can be achieved only with the help of innovative technologies.

scholarly journals Some aspects of food safety from animal origin

2012 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
József Fenyvessy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.

NEW APPROACH TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: PLANT PROBIOTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (15) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Hatice ÖĞÜTCÜ
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
The World

With the increase in the world population every year, the need for plant and animal foods has increased. In order to meet these needs, the amount of fertilizers (with chemical content) used to increase productivity in agriculture has increased and has become a threat to the soil and the environment. In order to minimize the harms of chemical fertilizers and to preserve the fertility of the soil, new environmentally friendly applications have been researched. In this context, studies on "Plant Probiotics", which are one of the effective applications both in protecting the quality of the soil and increasing the yield in plant production, especially on local isolates and formulations to be prepared from them, have gained momentum. Plant probiotics are a group of microorganisms or microorganisms that can improve soil health, plant growth, and plant tolerance or immunity to various abiotic and biotic stresses, thanks to their potential role in enhanced nutrient acquisition and/or biocontrol activities by colonizing the root zone of plants, called the rhizosphere. As a result of inoculation of plants with strains of these bacteria, which have very different properties (nitrogen binding, phosphate solubilizing, biocontrol agent, stress resistance, phytohormone synthesis), it directly affects the growth and development of the roots and shoots of the plant, increasing the biomass, as well as contributing to the increase of the yield and quality of the product. In this context, the preparation and use of biofertilizer formulations of local plant probiotic bacteria, which will be obtained from their natural areas, has become very important in rational agricultural practices in recent years and intensive researches are carried out. With the use of the aforementioned plant probiotic formulations, environmentally friendly green production will be made by contributing to the production of both foodstuffs and feed raw materials in order to ensure the continuity of the world population. As a result, the protection of the ecosystem will be ensured by preventing environmental pollution, which is the problem of the whole world.

ANALYSIS OF KEY TRENDS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COAL MARKET (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH-EASTERN ASIA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Cherechukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
National Economies

The article provides an analysis of key trends in the international market, using the example of the countries of Northeast Asia. In 2019, the world coal market amounted to 1,424.5 million tons, of which 78.1% are energy grades to produce electricity and heat, and 21.9% are in metallurgy, the reserves of which are significantly less. The import coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia in 2019 was already 680 million tons, covering 48% of the entire world coal market. The paper provides an overview of the key importers and exporters of coal in the world, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the supplied raw materials, and analyzes the key factors affecting the pricing of coal. In the conclusions, the main trends in the international coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia are presented, including "geographical" — the shift of the center of world trade from Europe to Asia, and "types and quality of imported coal" — an increase in the share of high-quality premium energy and coking (metallurgical). Trends can be clearly seen in the countries of Northeast Asia, which actively use coal, and are making efforts to decarbonize their national economies, while intensifying inter-fuel competition with other primary energy sources.

scholarly journals Studies on Juice Quality Obtained from Pomegranate and Various Vegetables Additions

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Anamaria Pop ◽  
Sevastita Muste ◽  
Crina Muresan ◽  
Simona Jula
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Nowadays, the interest in antioxidants, mainly present in fruits and vegetables, has prompted research in the field of commercial beverages. Taking into account new requirements to improve the quality of feeding behaviour by getting juices without added sugar, the consumer health benefits and high organoleptics properties, it was decided to study the correlation quality of raw pomegranates with other vegetables such as celery, carrot and sharon fruit in order to obtain pomegranate juice with vegetable additions. The vegetable raw materials were chosen in order to improve the quality and organoleptic properties of the pomegranate juice with vegetable additions by optimizing the “in-house” method, to obtaining a stable formulation. The main objectives of the study were characterization of raw and addition materials, studied by psycho-chemical analysis, evaluating of the antioxidant capacity of 4 types of pomegranate juice with additions in different proportions,  establish the best type of mixture juice. Consumer preference was established in sensory analysis  based on hedonic test with 9 point scale, the type of juice with additions with the following concentrations: pomegranate 50%, Sharon 10%, celery 30%, carrot 10%. Positive correlations were performed between antioxidant capacity and type of juice preferred by consumers.

scholarly journals Spectral Characterization of Difusse Par Irradiance under Tipuana Tipu Shading

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gonzalo GURREA-YSASI ◽  
Vicente BLANCA ◽  
Ana FITA ◽  
Jaime PROHENS ◽  
Inmaculada FITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Common Tree ◽  
Soil Level

Tipa (Tipuana tipu) is a common tree in gardens and carparks, although the shading effect of its canopy must be still characterised to assess the decrease of temperature and quality of irradiance. This work is a preliminary study aimed to assess the effect of shading of tree canopies on the diffuse irradiance pattern received at the soil level in comparison to other conditions. The shade provided by a group of Tipa trees, located at the Universitat Politècnica de València (Valencia, Spain), was evaluated in this experiment and compared to cloudy days and direct sun. Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) and red/near infrared ratios were recorded with a portable spectrometer. Measurements were recorded in January and February 2017, at 10h, 13h and 16h. Depending on the region of the spectrum and time of the day, PPFD values ranged from 0.05 to 0.42, 0.40 to 1.14, and 0.94 to 3.90 μmol·m-2·s-1, for Tipa shade, cloudy days and direct sun, respectively. The spectral analysis of PPFD in cloudy days revealed maximum values in the green region and minimum at near infrared region, while maximum PPFD for tipa shade was mostly found at near infrared, revealing higher importance of this spectral region compared to cloudy days.

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