scholarly journals Ultrastructural and Molecular Changes in the Developing Small Intestine of the ToadBufo regularis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sakr ◽  
G. M. Badawy ◽  
H. T. El-Borm
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Nuclear Envelop

The ontogenetic development of the small intestine of the toadBufo regulariswas investigated using twofold approaches, namely, ultrastructural and molecular. The former has been done using transmission electron microscope and utilizing the developmental stages 42, 50, 55, 60, 63, and 66. The most prominent ultrastructural changes were recorded at stage 60 and were more evident at stage 63. These included the appearance of apoptotic bodies/nuclei within the larval epithelium, the presence of macrophages, swollen mitochondria, distorted rough endoplasmic reticulum, chromatin condensation, and irregular nuclear envelop, and the presence of large vacuoles and lysosomes. The molecular investigation involved examining DNA content and fragmentation. The results showed that the DNA content decreased significantly during the metamorphic stages 60 and 63 compared with both larval (50 and 55) and postmetamorphic (66) stages. The metamorphic stages (60 and 63) displayed extensive DNA laddering compared with stages 50, 55, and 66. The percentage of DNA damage was 0.00%, 12.91%, 57.26%, 45.48%, and 4.43% for the developmental stages 50, 55, 60, 63, and 66, respectively. In conclusion, the recorded remodeling of the small intestine represents a model for clarifying the mechanism whereby cell death and proliferation are controlled.

scholarly journals Pollen, Tapetum, and Orbicule Development inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americana(Rhamnaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gotelli ◽  
B. Galati ◽  
D. Medan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Grain Formation

Tapetum, orbicule, and pollen grain ontogeny inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americanawere studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells and related to orbicule and pollen grain formation are described. The proorbicules have the appearance of lipid globule, and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). This is the first report on the presence of orbicules in the family Rhamnaceae. Pollen grains are shed at the bicellular stage.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Changes in the Liver of Intravenous Heroin Addicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Ilić ◽  
Radovan Karadžić ◽  
Lidija Kostić-Banović ◽  
Jovan Stojanović ◽  
Aleksandra Antović
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

The ultrastructural research has a decisive role in gathering the knowledge on the liver’s response to the influence of some drugs. The aim of the study was to perform an ultrastructurai analysis of the liver in chronic intravenous heroin addicts.The study involved the autopsy conducted on 40 bodies of intravenous heroin addicts and 10 control autopsies. The liver tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde and moulded with epon for investigation purposes of ultrastructural changes. The analysis was performed using the method of transmission electron microscopy.In the group of intravenous heroin addicts, the liver autopsy samples showed degenerative vesicular and fat changes, chronic active and persistent hepatitis, cirrhosis, reduction in the amount of glycogen in hepatocytes, as well as the Kupffer cell’s dominant hypertrophy. Various changes occur in organelles, plasma membrane of hepatocytes and biliary channels as well as in the nucleus.The most important ultrastructural findings include: hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is histologically proven vesicular degeneration of hepatocyte occurring as a result of the increased synthesis of enzymes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum due to chronic intravenous heroin intake, and the presence of continuous basal membrane followed by transformation of the sinusoids into capillaries (in the cases of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis) which leads to a disorder of microcirculation and further progress of cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Blocking the Bromodomains Function Contributes to Disturbances in Alga Chara vulgaris Spermatids Differentiation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Chara Vulgaris ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Early Stages

Bromodomain containing (BRD) proteins play an essential role in many cellular processes. The aim of this study was to estimate activity of bromodomains during alga Chara vulgaris spermatids differentiation. The effect of a bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1 (100 μM), on the distribution of individual stages of spermatids and their ultrastructure was studied. The material was Feulgen stained and analysed in an electron microscope. JQ1 caused shortening of the early stages of spermiogenesis and a reverse reaction at the later stages. Additionally, in the same antheridium, spermatids at distant developmental stages were present. On the ultrastructural level, chromatin fibril system disorders and significantly distended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae already at the early stages were observed. Many autolytic vacuoles were also visible. The ultrastructural disturbances intensified after prolonged treatment with JQ1. The obtained data show that JQ1 treatment led to changes in the spermatid number and disturbances in chromatin condensation and to cytoplasm reduction. The current studies show some similarities between C. vulgaris and mammals spermiogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that JQ1 interferes with the spermatid differentiation on many interdependent levels and seems to induce ER stress, which leads to spermatid degeneration. Studies on the role of bromodomains in algae spermiogenesis have not been conducted so far.

scholarly journals The effect of starvation on the liver of Aphanius dispar (Pisces; Cyprinodontidae): A microscopic study

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Taher A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Mariam Al-Amri ◽  
Jameela Al-Belushi ◽  
Reginald Victor
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Brackish Water Fish

Stress due to starvation is not an uncommon phenomenon in fresh-and brackish water fish living in arid environments. This study, a part of a larger investigation on the effects of stress due to starvation on the organ systems of Aphanius dispar, a cyprinodont fish in Oman, reports on the histopathological changes in the liver, using light and transmission electron microscopy.   The hepatocytes showed structural and ultrastructural changes in response to 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of starvation.  The hepatocytes of the starved fish groups were characterized by a reduction in the size of their cells and their nuclei, chromatin condensation, loss of stored glycogen, large lipid droplets, wide intercellular spaces and the variable sizes of their mitochondria. Swirls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) were seen in some of the starved fish, which may indicate their involvement in lipid metabolism and the breakdown of glycogen. This paper makes a further contribution to the understanding of the physiology of fish in arid zones.   

scholarly journals THE CHANGES OF WOUND MACROPHAGES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
S. Karatieieva
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Nuclear Envelop

Purulent-necrotic lesions of the extremities require amputation in 30-50% of cases. Among all cases of lower extremity amputations 50-70% are due to diabetes. Moreover, 5 out of 6 amputations, not related to the traumatic injury of the limb, are performed in patients with diabetes. The mortality rate among patients with diabetes, who undergo amputation varies from 28 to 40%, and 5-year surveillance is only 10-25%. The study of ultrastructural changes of macrophages on the 3rd day of treatment revealed masses of chaotically located fibrillar structures in the cytoplasm of macrophages that occasionally had an increased electron density. This phenomenon was observed in the purulent-necrotic areas of soft tissues of patients from the main group, compared to the control group. In all cases, mitochondria were enlarged in size, swollen, with a light matrix and contained a reduced amount of cristae. The cristae were deformed and shortened. Swollen matrix in mitochondria led to the formation of vacuoles on their place containing fine-grained contents. The nucleus had a usual form and size with the presence of single invaginations. Chromatin was predominantly concentrated in the form of solid electron-dense masses or evenly distributed throughout the nucleus. There were nuclei with partial chromatin dispersion. The contents of the nuclei included granular, fibrillar, and fine vacuolar material. The nuclear membrane folding did not fluctuate significantly. The folds did not cover the whole surface of the nucleus. In some areas invaginates were represented by the continuation of perinuclear space only. The nuclear envelop pores, which connect the contents of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, have been observed. The cytoplasm between the zones of the plate complex was occupied by small mitochondria, single polysomal rosettes, and cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, which was represented by extended intracellular channels and vacuolar formations. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum was predominantly located in the central part. The surface of macrophages in the process of their differentiation from monocytes was relatively plane. Occasionally there occurred small processes or pseudopodia. The number of pinocytic vesicles surrounded by a border was reduced in poorly differentiated cells. Ozone therapy stimulates the functional activity of wound macrophages, as it causes destructive changes in these cells without necrotic lesions. Intravenous introduction of ozonized saline con-tributes to the elimination of wound macrophag-es, mainly through genetically programmed cell death (apoptosis), which plays a significant role in the regulatory mechanisms of the inflammato-ry process. 

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia peplus Extract on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Emam ◽  
Mubarak Al-Shraim ◽  
Refaat Ali Eid ◽  
Abdul-Moneim Jamil ◽  
Mahmoud Fawzy Moustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Euphorbia Peplus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Growth Inhibitory

In this study, the effect of Euphorbia peplus aqueous extract on human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was examined. The short and long term cytotoxicity were evaluated using sulphorhodamine B and clonogenic assays respectively. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine Euphorbia peplus-induced ultrastructural changes in MCF7 cells. The sulphorhodamine B assay revealed that Euphorbia peplus inhibits the growth of MCF7 with an IC50 of 30.32 μg/ml. The clonogenic assay proved that Euphorbia peplus' growth inhibitory effect is long lasting. The ultrastructural examination demonstrated that Euphorbia peplus extract induces MCF7 cell death. Scanning electron microscopy showed apoptotic blebbing. Transmission electron microscopy displayed cellular shrinkage, the formulation of apoptotic bodies, mitochondrial changes, nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation, autophagic vacuoles, and necrotic changes. In summary, Euphorbia peplus has displayed growth inhibitory activity against MCF7 cells and induces cell death predominantly via apoptosis and could be exploited as a breast cancer treatment after further evaluation.

Ultrastructural changes in the follicular epithelium of Ceratophrys cranwelli previtellogenic oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Villecco ◽  
M.E. Mónaco ◽  
S.S. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

SummaryIn this work we carried out ultrastructural, autoradiographic and biochemical analyses of the follicular epithelium during C. cranwelli previtellogenesis. This study revealed that the follicular epithelium in early previtellogenesis is constituted of a single layer of squamous homogeneous cells. During mid-previtellogenesis two types of cells develop: dark cells and clear cells. The follicular dark cells are actively involved in the synthesis of RNA, which is transferred to the oocyte through the interface. In late previtellogenesis the dark cells show apoptotic characteristics such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and cytoplasm shrinkage. This process forms apoptotic bodies that seem to be engulfed by the oocyte. Our results show evidence that, during mid- and late C. cranwelli previtellogenesis, the follicular epithelium undergoes remodelling processes interacting with the oocyte.

Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Alcoholic Hyalin in Hepatocytes and Biliary Epithelial Cells

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Main Mass ◽  
Biliary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Alcoholic Hyalin

To learn more of the nature and origin of alcoholic hyalin (AH), 15 liver biopsy specimens from patients with alcoholic hepatitis were studied in detail.AH was found not only in hepatocytes but also in ductular cells (Figs. 1 and 2), although in the latter location only rarely. The bulk of AH consisted of a randomly oriented network of closely packed filaments measuring about 150 Å in width. Bundles of filaments smaller in diameter (40-90 Å) were observed along the periphery of the main mass (Fig. 1), often surrounding it in a rim-like fashion. Fine filaments were also found close to the nucleus in both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, the latter even though characteristic AH was not present (Figs. 3 and 4). Dispersed among the larger filaments were glycogen, RNA particles and profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were often conspicuous around the periphery of the AH mass. A limiting membrane was not observed.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

Copper Localization in Cirrhotic Rat Liver by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 38-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Russ ◽  
E. McNatt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Mode ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to study the retention of copper in cirrhotic liver, rats were made cirrhotic by carbon tetrachloride inhalation twice weekly for three months and fed 0.2% copper acetate ad libidum in drinking water for one month. The liver tissue was fixed in osmium, sectioned approximately 2000 Å thick, and stained with lead citrate. The section was examined in a scanning electron microscope (JEOLCO JSM-2) in the transmission electron mode.Figure 1 shows a typical area that includes a red blood cell in a sinusoid, a disse, and a portion of the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte which contains several mitochondria, peribiliary dense bodies, glycogen granules, and endoplasmic reticulum.

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