scholarly journals The Technical Efficiency of Specialised Milk Farms: A Regional View

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřich Špička ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Net Value Added

The aim of the article is to evaluate production efficiency and its determinants of specialised dairy farming among the EU regions. In the most of European regions, there is a relatively high significance of small specialised farms including dairy farms. The DEAVRS method (data envelopment analysis with variable returns to scale) reveals efficient and inefficient regions including the scale efficiency. In the next step, the two-samplet-test determines differences of economic and structural indicators between efficient and inefficient regions. The research reveals that substitution of labour by capital/contract work explains the variability of the farm net value added per AWU (annual work unit) income indicator by more than 30%. The significant economic determinants of production efficiency in specialised dairy farming are farm size, herd size, crop output per hectare, productivity of energy, and capital (atα=0.01). Specialised dairy farms in efficient regions have significantly higher farm net value added per AWU than inefficient regions. Agricultural enterprises in inefficient regions have a more extensive structure and produce more noncommodity output (public goods). Specialised dairy farms in efficient regions have a slightly higher milk yield, specific livestock costs of feed, bedding, and veterinary services per livestock unit.

scholarly journals Does Farm Size and Specialization Matter for Productive Efficiency? Results from Kansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin W. Mugera ◽  
Michael R. Langemeier
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Analysis Techniques

In this article, we used bootstrap data envelopment analysis techniques to examine technical and scale efficiency scores for a balanced panel of 564 farms in Kansas for the period 1993–2007. The production technology is estimated under three different assumptions of returns to scale and the results are compared. Technical and scale efficiency is disaggregated by farm size and specialization. Our results suggest that farms are both scale and technically inefficient. On average, technical efficiency has deteriorated over the sample period. Technical efficiency varies directly by farm size and the differences are significant. Differences across farm specializations are not significant.

scholarly journals Assessment of Influential Factors for Scours Associated with Cryptosporidium sp., Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Calves from Argentinean Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Emiliano Bertoni ◽  
Adrián A. Barragán ◽  
Marina Bok ◽  
Celina Vega ◽  
Marcela Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Scours is the most common disease in dairy calves, and it is a multifactorial syndrome complex. Cryptosporidium sp. (C. sp.), rotavirus group A (RVA), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the three main pathogens associated with scours. The objective of this study was to identify potential factors associated with scours, C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infections in preweaned dairy calves from Lerma Valley in Salta Province, Argentina. A total of 488 preweaned calves from 19 dairy farms located in the Lerma Valley were enrolled in this observational study. One fecal sample was collected from each calf between one week and two months of age for assessment of C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infection status. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and RVA and BCoV antigens in fecal samples were assessed using microscopic observation and indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (iELISA), respectively. A voluntary questionnaire was developed and used to collect data regarding management practices from the participants’ farms. The data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. Scours incidence was 35.4%, and a greater proportion of calves younger than 20 days were affected. Of the fecal samples, 18% and 9.5% tested were positives for C. sp. and RVA, respectively, while BCoV was detected only in two calves. Furthermore, 84.2% and 63.1% of the farms tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. and RVA, respectively. In addition, the following variables were associated with higher odds of having scours: (1) herd size (>300 milking cows; OR = 1.7), (2) calf age (<20 days of age; OR = 2.2), (3) RVA and C. sp. test (positive test; RVA OR = 2.6; C. sp. OR = 3), calf feeding practices (feeding milk replacer; OR = 1.81), and newborn calf management practices (calf moved from maternity pen <6 h after calving; OR = 1.7). Concerning RVA infection, calves less than 20 days of age (OR = 2.6) had a higher chance of testing positive for RVA, while calves that remained in the calving pen for less than 6 h after calving had a lower chance (OR = 0.3). On the other hand, for C. sp. infection, large farm size (>300 milking cows; OR = 1.2) and young calf age (<20 days of age; OR = 4.4) indicated a higher chance of testing positive for C. sp., while calves belonging to farms that fed frozen colostrum (OR = 0.2) had a lower chance of becoming infected with C. sp. The result of this study indicated that scours is a prevalent disease in farms of the Lerma Valley, Salta, Argentina, and that RVA and C. sp. infections, along with specific farm management practices, might be important contributing factors that could increase the chance of NCS in dairy farms.

scholarly journals The Production Structure of Pennsylvania Dairy Farms

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Grisley ◽  
Kangethe W. Gitu
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Cost Function

The production structure of a selected cross-section sample of family owner-operated dairy farms is investigated using a translog variable cost function. Elasticities of scale, input substitution, and input own- and cross-price elasticities are estimated. At the sample mean herd size of 67 cows producing at 15,173 pounds of milk per cow, the elasticity of scale parameter was 1.00, implying constant returns to scale. The elasticities of substitution between feeds and hired labor and the own- and cross-price elasticities were inelastic.

scholarly journals Dairying - Waitaki's opportunity

1996 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Stock Performance ◽  
Farm Performance ◽  
Financial Gains

The Waitaki Plains has 30127 ha of irrigation. The sheep, beef and cropping properties have been converted to dairy farms over recent years. Between 1989-90 and 1994-95 dairy cow numbers increased from 14 000 to 39 000, mainly as a result of large operations being established. The herd size in the same time scale has increased from 292 to 443 cows per farm. Performance has also increased dramatically, with per cow production going from 260 kg milksolids (MS)/cow in 1986-87 to 362 kg MS/cow in 1995-96. The excellent stock performance is reflected in the financial gains that farmers have made. The potential for increased performance now comes from improved grass quality and growth. Keywords: dairy conversion, dairy farming, Waitaki Plains

Measurement of Technical and Scale Efficiency of Dairy Farms in Pune District of Maharashtra: Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technical Efficiency Score

The present study intended to determine the technical and scale efficiency of sample dairy farms for evaluating their performance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique was used to estimate the technical and scale efficiency of 80 each of member and nonmember dairy farms in the Pune district of Maharashtra state during 2019. Technical efficiency score further partitioned into pure technical efficiency and overall technical efficiency. The technical efficiency score was more for member dairy farms as compared to the non-members under the assumption of constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). It highlighted that the non-members of dairy cooperatives had more potential to reduce the input use without affecting the output level compared to the member group. It was also observed that the technical efficiency under the CRS assumption was more than VRS for both member and non-member groups. It revealed that the farms were scaled inefficient (SE<1) and not operating at optimal scale. The study further revealed a positive relationship between technical efficiency and herd size. It also revealed that the resource-saving potential due to the scale effect. So, it supported the policy of providing technical advice on the use of feed and fodder resources, better management practices, and increasing the herd size to increase the technical and scale efficiency.

scholarly journals Hungarian dairy and beef production sector technical efficiency comparsion using DEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kovács ◽  
Ratnesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Beef Sector

To examine and compare the technical efficiency of dairy sector and the beef sector, this research introduced the main indicators of milk and beef production in the world, EU and Hungarian aggregates. Based on the data it can be said that the milk and beef production of Hungary does not occupy any significant position in the world as well as in the European Union neither today nor even in the past. If Hungry must compete in the European counties and international market, their dairy sector must focus to increase of their production efficiency as the key breakthrough point. This paper we compared technical efficiency of both dairy and beef sectors in total, for the year 2014 and 2015 separately and based on the farm size. The specific objectives of the research are: comparing dairy and beef farms efficiency in Hungary. Based on the results, we can determine which sector in Hungary is more effective. The second objective is to compare the efficiencies of both the sectors in 2014 and 2015 separately and from the results we can determine which year was more effective in terms of production efficiency and the third objective of the research is technical efficiency comparison of certain economic sizes for both sectors. In the research, we used (KOVACS, 2009) deterministic (DEA) model adapted to the Hungarian dairy farms and beef farms. For the dairy farms milk and dairy products as well as meat (other income). The input factors originated from the domestic AKI - FADN database. Summarizing the results of the research it can be conclude that the dairy sector is more effective than the beef sector in Hungary. In terms of years compared 2014 was more effective for both sector as compared with 2015. In regards to the farm size almost the same result in evaluating the scale of efficiency, which means that large economies can in most cases, manage resources more efficiently than small farms. In the examined years, based on the results of the DEA model, the VRS technical efficiency of the test for these two years was 72.90% for the dairy farms and 63.60% for the beef farms, which means that the dairy sector is more efficient than the beef sector in Hungary. The VRS technical efficiency of the research was 82.10% in 2014 and 75.10% in 2015 for the dairy farms and 77.50% in 2014 and 68.90% in 2015 for the beef farms, which means that both the dairy sector and the beef sectors followed the same trend and were more efficient in 2014 compared to the efficiency in 2015. The large size dairy farms were most effective in Hungary in the examined period (90.90%). VRS technical efficiency for small farms is 88% and the total number of small, the technical efficiency medium farms was 72.80% For the beef sector VRS technical efficiency for small farms is 71.30% and the technical efficiency medium farms was 74.40% and 70% of the beef meat producing farms in Hungary are medium sized. So, the conclusion is the small size dairy farms have a higher VRS efficiency than the small size beef farms whereas medium sized beef farms had higher VRS efficiency than the medium size dairy farms. As a conclusion, both dairy and beef sectors in Hungary have the potential to overcome technology and knowledge constraints and attain the upmost attainable productivity level through improvements in; farmer volume of production i.e. output, beef cattle technologies, and advertising, and the efficiency of the technology transfer process. JEL Code: Q13

scholarly journals Efeito do sistema de criação no desempenho técnico e econômico de rebanhos leiteiros

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Rodrigo De Andrade Ferrazza ◽  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Economic Indexes

This study aimed to investigate the effects of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy farming. Samples included data from 61 dairy farms from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which were collected between 2002 and 2011. Farms were categorized by type-pasture-based (PB), semi-confinement (SC), and confinement (C)-and technical and economic indexes were compared. In general, the results indicated indexes that are higher than the average for Brazilian farms but lower than those in other countries or technological farms in other Brazilian regions. Milk production was mainly determined by farm size rather than by productivity indexes. Components of the total and effective operational costs that were most significant were feeding followed by labor. The comparative analysis indicated that, although C systems have technical indexes that are superior to those of the PB and SC systems, economic performance was independent of the intensification level. Thus, pasture systems are potentially competitive, provided that the producers are efficient.

Theoretical aspects of the category "value added planning" on the example of enterprises of the grain product subcomplex of the AIC of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (97) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
O.M. Svitovyi ◽  
◽  
N.I. Diachenko
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Value Added

In market conditions, the production of products with higher value added creates competitive advantages for agricultural producers and grain processing enterprises. Improving the process of value added planning in the grain product subcomplex in this sense is one of the key factors. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of the category "value added planning" and the peculiarities of its application in the planning process at the enterprises of the grain products subcomplex of the AIC of Ukraine. The research used dialectical, monographic methods and a systematic approach (to determine the role of value added planning as a systemic and complex phenomenon), as well as statistical methods, analysis and synthesis - to substantiate the calculated data. Gross value added includes the following main elements: wages with accruals; depreciation deductions; profit; rent; interest paid for the use of loan capital. Gross value added is greater than net value added at the cost of consumption in the production of fixed assets (depreciation). Net value added is essentially newly created value in the production process. Value added planning in the grain product subcomplex of the AIC is of great importance to ensure the timeliness of technological operations and the rational use of production resources. In this process, it is important to calculate the planned value of each element of value added, matching their values with the maximum growth of profits. In our opinion, in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of grain production an important role is given to the planning of such an element of added value as wages. This issue needs to be handled in such a way that labor productivity grows faster than wages. Here it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the involvement in the production of highly qualified employees and their proper motivation, along with an increase in wages, the company will receive more profit. Since rent is an element of value added that is included in the cost of production, its planned growth should be accompanied by a proportional increase in production efficiency. Thus, in the course of our research it became clear that the increase in the value added is one of the main factors increasing the efficiency of production at the enterprises of the grain product subcomplex of the AIC of Ukraine. Therefore, it is very important to consider the process of planning value added comprehensively, looking for reserves to increase it. We define the category of "value added planning" as a systemic and complex phenomenon, where profit planning is the final link in the plans of all the components of added value, which takes into account the optimization of production, as well as the rational ratio of remuneration to employees and owners of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Economic outcomes in relation to farmers’ age in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Zuzana Hlouskova ◽  
Marie Prasilova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Value Added

The current paper aims to assess farming enterprise outcomes in the Czech Republic from a socio-economic perspective. The relationship between the age of a farms’ managers and its economic results has been analysed for 1 351 farms using the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) database in order to determine whether farms’ economic results differ on the basis of the age of their managers. Our analysis confirms that there is indeed a correlation between manager age and a farming enterprise’s economic results. The results have been analysed in detail according to the age groups of managers and farm owners, farm specialization, and farm size. The farm net value added per annual work unit reached the best values in businesses managed by young farmers in crop production (EUR 34 445) and young farmers in large enterprises (EUR 43 400). The oldest farmers, specializing in milk production, had the highest level of indebtedness (0.39). The data reveal that the age of farmers is inversely proportional to the level of indebtedness, with level of debt decreasing with increasing farmer age. A Mann-Whitney U test (with Bonferroni correction) confirms a statistically significant difference between young farmers and the remaining three age groups in the ratio of production to cost.

scholarly journals The farm size in the less-favoured areas and the economy of support spending on public goods production in the case of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 482-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Štolbová ◽  
M. Míčová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Net Value Added

Opportunities for savings in both human labour and technical equipment were tested on the case of large farms situated in the less-favoured areas (LFA). Large LFA farms were found to be undoubtedly more efficient than the small ones, as well as the diversification of activities (to non-agricultural) was much wider at the large farms in the Czech Republic (CR). The targeting of the objectives of the LFA measure was analysed on the cases of the selected types of the small and large farms and also the amounts of support, devoted to reach these objectives. The paper further analyses economic results of the small and large farms in the LFA within the CR, and evaluates the impacts of the current LFA measures, where the payment distribution is based only on the grassland area, regardless of the farm size in the CR. Based on these analyses, it was suggested to distribute the LFA payments in the CR per 1ha of utilised agricultural area of farm. Also, it was showed that it would be suitable to introduce a graded decrease of the LFA payments rates according to the farm size. The analysis proves that the economic survival of the large farms, measured as the farm net value added per one annual work unit, will not be endangered. &nbsp; &nbsp;

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