scholarly journals Evaluation of Biochemical, Haematological, and Histopathological Responses and Recovery Ability of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) after Acute Exposure to Atrazine Herbicide

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Blahova ◽  
Helena Modra ◽  
Marie Sevcikova ◽  
Petr Marsalek ◽  
Lenka Zelnickova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Neutrophile Granulocytes

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of atrazine exposure (5, 15, 20, and 30 mg·L−1) on common carp and the ability of regeneration. During 96 h exposure we observed abnormal behavior in fish exposed to 20 and 30 mg·L−1. Mortality and histological alterations were noticed only in the group exposed to 30 mg·L−1. Most experimental groups showed significantly (P<0.05) lower values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocyte, and lymphocyte and significantly higher values of monocytes, segmented and band neutrophile granulocytes, and also metamyelocytes and myelocytes. A significantly lower (P<0.05) leukocyte count was also recorded in experimental groups (5 and 15 mg·L−1) after recovery period. Statistically significant (P<0.05) alterations in glucose, total protein, lactate, phosphorus, calcium, and biopterin as well as in activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH were found in most experimental groups. These changes were most apparent in the groups exposed to 20 and 30 mg·L−1. Most of the indices were found to be restored after the 7-day recovery period with the exception of LDH, ALT, and lactate in the group exposed to 15 mg·L−1. Our results showed that atrazine exposure had a profound negative influence on selected indices and also on histological changes of common carp.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GRADUAL HIGH SALINITY ON SOME STRESS PARAMETERS (GLUCOSE,TOTAL PROTEIN AND LACTATE) IN BLOOD PLASMA OF COMMON CARP

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khshali & Al- Hilalli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Stress Parameters ◽  
In Blood Plasma

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high salinity on the some stress parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which gradually exposed to salt concentrations of 5, 10 and 15g/liter, as well as tap water (control 0.1g/liter) for 90 days .80 fish were randomly distributed on eight glass tanks with 2 replicates as 10 fish / replicate at average weight of 15 ± 3 g to study the effect of salinity on the Total protein , Glucose ,and Lactate in blood plasma , Fish were fed during the trial on commercial diet with 31.9 % protein content.. Results showed that an increase in the total protein to 4.98 and then decrease to 4.60  and 3.90 g/100 cm3 when the salinity increased to 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, compared with the control treatment (4.94 g/100 cm3).  Glucose reached 75.11, 91.20 and 95.17 mg/100 ml at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, compared with the control treatment (66.64 mg/100ml). Lactate also increased to 43.12, 45.38  and 48.53  mg/100 ml , when the salinity increased to  5 , 10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with control treatment  (40.65 mg/100 ml) .

scholarly journals Immune-enhancing activity of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kazuń ◽  
Joanna Małaczewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kazuń ◽  
Joanna Żylińska-Urban ◽  
Andrzej K. Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
The Common

AbstractIntroduction: Immune-potentiating functions of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in the common carp were evaluated.Material and Methods: Fourteen days of feeding fish dry diet supplemented with the bacteria provided parameters of nonspecific humoral immunity (lysozyme, ceruloplasmin, γ-globulin, total protein levels, and serum bactericidal activity) and cellular immunity (pinocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and potential killing activity of organ phagocytes), as well as the proliferative response of organ lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens. The resistance of fish to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila was also determined.Results: Dietary supplementation with L. plantarum had a substantial influence on the activity of organ phagocytes, especially the potential killing activity of head kidney cells. A significant increase in the proliferative activity of LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes and in the levels of γ-globulins and total protein was observed. The supplemented diet conveyed higher resistance than the control diet as the cumulative fish mortalities after infection with A. hydrophila were 65% and 85%, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that dietary supplementation with L. plantarum stimulates the antibacterial resistance of common carp and may reinforce defence against bacterial infections, but further studies need to be conducted.

Hemoconcentration during isotonic handgrip exercise

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohira ◽  
A. Ito ◽  
S. Ikawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Physical Movement ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Forearm Vein ◽  
Healthy Males

Three healthy males performed an intense isotonic handgrip ergometer exercise to exhaustion (approximately 10 min). Serum water, serum total protein (STP), and hematocrit were determined in the venous blood taken from the brachial veins in both exercised and nonexercised arms before exercise and 10 s, 1, 2, and 3 min after the termination of exercise. Although no sweat was observed, hemoconcentration occurred in both arms. The peak degree of water loss in the nonexercised arm, however, was delayed and lower than that in the exercised arm. Further, three healthy males were exposed to a sauna (76 degrees C) for 20 min to test the effect of sweating on hemoconcentration in the absence of physical movement. Venous blood was withdrawn from the forearm vein before the sauna, after 5 min in the sauna, and at 3 and 30 min during sitting recovery period. No hemoconcentration was observed during the course of the experiment.

scholarly journals Histological Changes of Electric Yellow Cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus) Exposed to Acute and Chronic Cadmium Concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Semra Küçük ◽  
Sema Midilli ◽  
Mehmet Güler ◽  
Deniz Çoban
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Liver Degeneration ◽  
Cd Exposure ◽  
Standard Techniques

In this study, electric yellow cichlid were (Labidochromis caeruleus) exposed to acute cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 50, 60, 70, 80 mg l-1) for 72 h, and chronic Cd concentrations (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mg l-1) for 20 d to examine histological alternation. In addition to the recovery was detected after 10 d. After chronic trial, rest of the fish were exposed to just water not containing cadmium for 10 day for recovery. Gills, liver, muscle, and spleen samples were collected from randomly selected fish. The tissue samples prepared with standard techniques for haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Cadmium depending on concentrations increase caused severe disorders on fish. After acute exposure, several changes were detected such as edema, hyperplasia, breakdown in epithelial tissues of gills; vacuolation and necrosis in liver; increase of hemosterin clustering and necrosis in spleen. After chronic exposure, some symptoms were also found such as edema, aneurysm, degermation of secondary lamellae in gills; degeneration and necrosis in liver; degeneration and granulomas in spleen. Additionally, after recovery of chronic Cd exposure some of the same symptoms were observed such as edema, hyperplasia and aneurysm in gills; vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in liver; granulomas and degeneration in spleen.

A reexamination of the effect of exercise on rate of muscle protein degradation

2006 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. E1144-E1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kasperek ◽  
G. R. Conway ◽  
D. S. Krayeski ◽  
J. J. Lohne
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Protein Degradation

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise on the rate of protein degradation in rat skeletal muscle. The rates of total and myofibrillar protein degradation were determined by the measurement of the rates of release of tyrosine and 3-methylhistidine, respectively, from the perfused single rat leg. This method measures the rate of protein degradation in the entire lower leg and does not suffer from the limitations inherent in methods that rely on urinary excretion. The rate of total protein degradation was increased by exercise and involved increased flux through the lysosomal pathway, while the breakdown of myofibrillar protein was unchanged. The changes in the rates of protein degradation during the recovery period were greatly influenced by energy intake. Again the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation was unchanged or slightly increased during the recovery period, after either level or downgrade running. Exercise did prevent the increase in the rate of total protein degradation caused by food restriction, which may have important implications in weight reduction diets.

Brain Contusions: The Time Sequence of the Histological Changes

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else Marit Løberg ◽  
Ansgar Torvik
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
Histological Data

Microscopical sections from 65 cases with brain contusions of known age were studied in order to obtain histological data for age determination of the lesions. The earliest histological alterations were observed within one hour after the lesion and they changed in an orderly fashion over the following hours, days and weeks (Figure 1). It is concluded that the age of brain contusions can be determined with reasonable accuracy from routinely stained histological sections.

scholarly journals The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kroupova ◽  
J. Machova ◽  
Z. Svobodova ◽  
V. Piackova ◽  
M. Smutna
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Chloride Concentrations ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to assess the ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning and to distinguish the difference in nitrite poisoning of carp at two different chloride concentrations in water. Two groups of carp (group 1 and 2) were exposed to environmental nitrite concentration of 1.45 mmol/l NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;at different chloride concentrations (group 1: 0.31 mmol/l Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup>&nbsp;and group 2: 3.73 mmol/l Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup>) for 48 hours. After that, they were transferred into nitrite-free water. In the group 1 mortality of 51% occurred during nitrite exposure and further 11% mortality was observed after 24 h in nitrite free water. No mortality occurred in group 2 and control. Nitrite and methaemoglobin concentrations (MetHb) markedly increased in group 1 (plasma: 10.5 &plusmn; 1.90 mmol/l NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, liver: 3.5 &plusmn; 1.15 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, muscle: 1.5 &plusmn; 0.37 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, and MetHb: 93 &plusmn; 6.1%) compared with control (plasma: 0.05 &plusmn; 0.04 mmol/l NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, liver: 0.02 &plusmn; 0.01 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, muscle: 0.04 &plusmn; 0.01 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, and MetHb: 3 &plusmn; 2.9%). After 24 h in nitrite-free water, the values mildly decreased but not significantly (plasma: 5.1 &plusmn; 1.49 mmol/l NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, liver: 1.8 &plusmn; 0.65 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, muscle: 0.8 &plusmn; 0.23 mmol/kg NO<sub>2</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, and MetHb: 84 &plusmn; 11.2%). After next 120 h the values decreased significantly and were compared with those found in the control group (traces of nitrite, MetHb: 3 &plusmn; 2.1%). Nitrite exposure caused also increase in plasma K<sup>+</sup>&nbsp;(3.8 &plusmn; 0.29 mmol/l), ammonia (230&nbsp;&plusmn; 92 &micro;mol/l), urea (1.7 &plusmn; 0.28 mmol/l) and uric acid concentration (66 &plusmn; 54 &micro;mol/l) in group 1. On the other hand, values of haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were markedly lower than control values. Most changes were corrected by the end of the recovery period, only plasma potassium concentration dropped bellow the control values. Nearly no changes were found in the group 2 compared with the control during the whole experiment duration. This shows the positive effect of chlorides on the fish resistance against nitrites.

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