scholarly journals Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed for Food-Producing Animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vanesa Greco ◽  
María Luisa Franchi ◽  
Silvia Laura Rico Golba ◽  
Alejandro Guillermo Pardo ◽  
Graciela Noemí Pose
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
T2 Toxin ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Natural Incidence

Moulds are capable of reducing the nutritional value of feedstuff as well as elaborating several mycotoxins. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed has adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Also, mycotoxins may be carried over into meat and eggs when poultry are fed with contaminated feed. In a point prevalence study feedstuff used for poultry nutrition in Argentina was analyzed for fungal flora, natural incidence of selected mycotoxins, and nutritional quality. Ten mould genera were recovered, six of them known to be mycotoxigenic. More than 28 species were determined. Fumonisins were detected in all the samples (median 1,750 ppb). Forty-four out of 49 samples (90%) were contaminated with DON (median 222 ppb) and OTA (median 5 ppb). Also, 44 out of 49 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (median 2.685 ppb), 42 samples (86%) with ZEA (median 50 ppb), and 38 samples (78%) with T2-toxin (median 50 ppb). Ninety percent of the samples had at least one type of nutritional deficiency. This study indicates the need for continuous assessment of the mycological status of animal feed production, in order to feed animals for optimal performance ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Halalan Toyyiban Poultry Feed: an Appraisal from the Maqasid Shariah Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Amalina Mohd Ashraf ◽  
Fadilah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Animal feed is one of the essential elements in the production of Halal food products. In choosing animal-based Halal food products, a Muslim should be concerned not only about the sources of the animals and the slaughtering process, but also the way the animals were raised and fed. This is due to the emerging issues related to animal feeding, in which animals were being fed with unsuitable, unnatural feed, mainly because of the so-called ‘economic considerations’. Nevertheless, even though animal feed is an important element in Halal animal production, the position of Halalan toyyiban (permissible and safe) feed has often been neglected and less attention has been given to this matter. Halalan toyyiban poultry feed promises Halal and safe poultry meat and eggs for human consumption according to the injunctions of Shariah. Review of the literatures show that Halalan toyyiban issues include among others the issue of feed containing of non-Halal ingredients or filth, the development of pathogenic enteric microbes through antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in feed, genetically modified feed (GMF), the accumulation of mycotoxin, dioxin, heavy metals, pesticides and both medicated and non-medicated feed additives in poultry meat and eggs as well as physical hazards in farming areas. This paper attempts to examine the position of poultry feed from the Shariah point of view. More specifically, it appraises the position of current practice in poultry feed production from the Maqasid Shariah (Objectives of the Shariah) perspective. In so doing, it first reviews some of the literatures that highlight the emerging Halal and safety issues surrounding poultry feed. This is then followed by the description of the meaning and concept of Maqasid Shariah. Finally, the position of current practices in poultry feed production and feeding is appraised from the Maqasid Shariah viewpoint. It is further recommended that the safety, quality, cleanliness and the ingredients used in the production of animal feed must be regulated so as to ensure that poultry meat and its produce meet the safety requirements. To protect the interest of the Muslim consumers particularly in Malaysia, it is also recommended that a Halal standard for Animal Feed Production should be developed. By having this standard, growers of Halal livestock can have choices of feed and further, Muslim consumers can be rest assured that the poultry meats or its produce that they consumed are truly Halal.  

Ethical aspects of insect production for food and feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gjerris ◽  
C. Gamborg ◽  
H. Röcklinsberg
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Impact

Given a growing global human population and high pressures on resources, interest in insects as a source of protein for human food (entomophagy) and for animal feed is growing. So far, the main issues discussed have been the embedded technical challenges of scaling up the production. The use of insects as a major human food and feed source is thought to present two major challenges: (1) how to turn insects into safe, tasty socially acceptable feed and food; and (2) how to cheaply yet sustainably produce enough insects? Entomophagy, however, as any utilisation of animals and the rest of nature also entails ethical issues – both regarding the impact on human health, the environment and climate change and regarding production methods such as intensification and biotechnology. The aim of the paper is to give a systematic overview of ethical aspects embedded in the notion of utilising insects as protein providers in the Western food and feed production chains. We identify five areas where ethical questions are especially pertinent: environmental impact, human and animal health, human preferences and social acceptability, animal welfare and finally broader animal ethics issues. Especially the latter two are more scantly dealt with in the literature. This part of the review will therefore contain suggestions for ethical issues that should be examined closer.

scholarly journals The application of biotechnology in animal nutrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic-Trailovic ◽  
Branko Petrujkic ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Atmosphere Pollution ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
The Impact

Animal food has to incorporate multiple objectives, ie. it should provide good animal health, good production and reproductive performance, reduce pollution of the environment as well as have the impact on food of animal origin, by supplying it, in addition to basic nutrients, with certain useful substances that can act preventively on the occurrence of various diseases in humans in modern living conditions. This complex task implies the application of scientific knowledge concerning biotechnology in the field of animal feed production, and also includes the use of specific nutrients that are the result of the latest developments in specific disciplines such as molecular biology and genetic engineering. As a result of researches in these areas there were created some varieties of cereals and legumes with improved nutritional properties. On the other hand, obtaining a safe food of animal origin product imposes the use of substances of natural origin (such as probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, enzymes, chelating forms ..), which provide better digestibility and more complete utilization of certain nutrients from the feedstuff. In this way, the quantity of undigested substances are significantly reduced as well as soil and the atmosphere pollution. The use of specific additives in animal nutrition resulting from biotechnological research is most frequent when a problem concerning certain level of production or animal health has to be overcome. This implies a group of non-nutritional ingredients which are aimed to regulate the digestive tract microflora, pH, weight gain, as well as to modify metabolic processes etc.

scholarly journals Maize production in mid hills of Nepal: from food to feed security

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Timsina ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Jeevan Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken in 2016 to analyze the production and utilization of maize in Nepal. Sixty maize growers from Kavre and Lamjung districts were selected using purposive, cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Similarly, six feed industries and five maize experts from Chitwan district were also interviewed. Study shows 56% of the total areas were used for maize production and 50% of the maize areas were covered by hybrid maize. There was no practice of contract maize production. The results revealed that 60%, 25% and 3% of the grain were used for animal feed, food and seed respectively in hill districts. Whereas the remaining amount of the maize (12%) was sold to the different buyers. The proportion of maize feed supply to different animals in the study area was varying. Result shows that at least 1.5 million tons of maize is required only to the feed industries affiliated with national feed industry association in Nepal. Similarly, out of total maize used in feed production, 87% of the maize was imported from India each year by feed industries. Analysis shows negative correlation between scale of feed production and use of domestic maize due to unavailability of required quantity of maize in time. The major pre-condition of feed industries for maize buying was moisture content which must be equal or less than 14%. Very little or no inert materials and physical injury, free from fungal attack and bigger size were also the criteria for maize buying. However, some of the feed industries were also thinking about protein and amino acid contents. Result shows 13% and 8.5% increasing demand of poultry feed and animal feed, respectively over the last five year in Nepal.  Most likely, maize is known as a means of food security in Nepal, however, in the context of changing utilization patterns at the farm level and also tremendous increasing demand of maize at the industry level suggest to give more focus on development and dissemination of maize varieties that can contribute to the feed security issues as well.

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

The development of mixer machine for organic animal feed production: Proposed study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Leman ◽  
R. Abdul Wahab ◽  
Supaat Zakaria ◽  
Dafit Feriyanto ◽  
M. I. F. Che Mohd Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Production

DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FEED PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF POTENTIAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTY FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Popov ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Bogomolov ◽  
Olga A. Urazova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Negative Factors

Modern domestic feed production is developing at a fairly steady pace, which is facilitated by the increase in the volume and scale of production in the livestock sector. Today, domestic agricultural pro-ducers fully provide the domestic market with pork, poultry and egg. the efficiency of the development of the livestock sector depends on the quality of feed and the fattening system by more than 60%. All this proves the relevance and prospects of studying the dynamics of the development of feed production in order to im-prove the manageability of this area of management, organizational support, identify potential risks and de-velop effective solutions to minimize them. As the basic provisions of the study, it is worth noting: key produc-tion segments of the domestic feed industry; production volumes of mixed feeds, premixes, feed additives and concentrates in Russia; market leaders in the production of mixed feeds at the time of 2019.; the reasons for the transition of large companies to self-feed; the negative factors (risks) which impact on sustainable devel-opment of the Russian market of animal feed; scenarios of development of domestic fodder production in the short term (2–3 years) taking into account the most pressing problems and uncertainties (distribution COVID-19; higher prices for imported feed additives; devaluation; grain yield; volatility of prices for raw materials and components, logistics, etc.); substantiation of the prospects for the development of the Russian food complex against the background of the strengthening of the global problem of hunger and food security.

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