scholarly journals The Effect of Prophylactic Polishing Pastes on Surface Roughness of Indirect Restorative Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Can Say ◽  
Haktan Yurdagüven ◽  
Özlem Malkondu ◽  
Nimet Ünlü ◽  
Mübin Soyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Indirect Composites

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of prophylactic polishing pastes (PPP; Detartrine (DT), Topex (TP)) on surface roughness (Ra) of indirect composites (IRC; Tescera (TES), Gradia (GRD), and Estenia C&B (EST)), a glass ceramic (Empress 2 layering (E2)), and a leucite reinforced glass ceramic (Empress Esthetic (EE)) with two different (glazed (G); polished (P)) surface preparations. A total of 90 IRC and 120 ceramic discs, 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were prepared. E2 and EE specimens were randomly divided into two groups(n=30). One group was glazed (GE2; GEE), while the other group was polished (PE2; PEE) the same as the IRCs. The specimens in each group were subsequently divided into three subgroups: control (C), DT, and TP.Ra (μm) was evaluated with a profilometer. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis, followed by the Dunn's multiple comparison testsP<0.05. DT and TP resulted in significant surface roughening for TES, GRD, and EST, while no significant differences were detected between DT and TPP>0.05. PE2 and PEE were not affected by DT or TPP>0.05, while GE2 and GEE exhibited significant roughening after TPP<0.05. Surface roughness of IRCs and glazed ceramics can be affected by PPP applications.

Effect of surface sealant on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of bulk-fill composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110055
Author(s):  
Gunce Ozan ◽  
Meltem Mert Eren ◽  
Cansu Vatansever ◽  
Ugur Erdemir
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Surface Sealants ◽  
Surface Sealant ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Surface sealants are reported to ensure surface smoothness and improve the surface quality of composite restorations. These sealants should also reduce the bacterial adhesion on composite surfaces however, there is not much information regarding their performance on bulk-fill composite materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealant application on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of various restorative materials. Disc-shaped samples were prepared from a compomer, a conventional composite and three bulk-fill composites. Specimens of each group were divided into two groups (n = 9): with/without surface sealant (Biscover LV, [BLV]). Surface roughness values were examined by profilometry and two samples of each group were examined for bacterial adhesion on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Bacterial counts were calculated by both broth cultivation and microscopic images. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn tests. Following the BLV application, there was a decrease in the surface roughness values of all groups however, only Tetric N-Ceram Bulk and Beautifil-Bulk groups showed significantly smoother surfaces (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences among material groups without BLV application. Evaluating bacterial adhesion after BLV application, conventional composite had the lowest values among all followed by the compomer group. Beautifil-Bulk had significantly the highest bacterial adhesion (p < 0.05), followed by Tetric N-Ceram Bulk group. Without BLV application, there was no significant difference among bacterial adhesion values of groups (p > 0.05). CLSM images showed cell viability in groups. Bulk-fill composites showed higher bacterial adhesion than conventional composite and compomer materials. The surface sealant was found to be highly effective in lowering bacterial adhesion, but not so superior in smoothing the surfaces of restorative materials. So, surface sealants could be used on the restorations of patients with high caries risk.

Submicron surface roughening of aliphatic polyamide 6,6 fabric through low temperature plasma and its effect on interfacial bonding in rubber composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2029-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhan Periyasamy ◽  
Krishna Prasad G ◽  
Raja ASM ◽  
Prashant G Patil
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Nylon 6,6 ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study aims to produce submicron surface roughening of aliphatic polyamide 6,6 (nylon 6,6) fabric using dielectric barrier discharge-based atmospheric low temperature plasma for improving the adhesion bonding with rubber. The plasma treatment was done in the time ranging from 15 s to 300 s. Formation of surface roughness on the fabric due to plasma treatment and the associated chemical changes were studied through high-resolution scanning electron microscope, geometrical surface roughness by Kawabata evaluation system surface tester, contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared in Attenuated total reflectance mode. Scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed the presence of submicron roughness on the nylon 6,6 fibre surface with pores of around 100 nm (0.1 µm) for the optimum treatment time of 180 s above which the pore merging effect dominated resulting in the net low surface roughness. Geometrical roughness (SMD) results were also well in agreement with the scanning electron microscope results for the roughening and the optimum effect of the plasma treatment. The control and plasma treated nylon 6,6 samples were used as reinforcements for rubber composite. The peel strength of the rubber composite, which is a measure of interfacial bonding, increased to 150% as the maximum for the optimum plasma treatment time of 180 s. Intense rubber deposits over the 180 s plasma treated samples were observed while only a few deposits of rubber were observed on the control fabric when their interfaces were examined through scanning electron microscope after peeling test.

Effect of Surface Roughness on the Total Hemispherical and Specular Reflectance of Metallic Surfaces

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Birkebak ◽  
E. M. Sparrow ◽  
E. R. G. Eckert ◽  
J. W. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hemispherical Reflectance ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Measurements have been made of the hemispherical and specular reflectance of metallic surfaces of controlled roughness. The surfaces, which were ground nickel rectangles, were irradiated at various angles of incidence by a beam of black-body radiation, the temperature of which was also varied. The instrumentation which was devised to perform the experiments is described. The measurements show that beyond a certain surface roughness, the hemispherical reflectance is virtually independent of further increases in roughness. On the other hand, the specular reflectance decreases steadily with increasing roughness. Additionally, the hemispherical reflectance is found to be quite insensitive to the angle of incidence, while the specular reflectance increases with angle of incidence for the rougher surfaces.

scholarly journals The behaviour of composites, glass ionomers and compomers in erosive conditions – in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Andreea Borş ◽  
Cristina Molnar-Varlam ◽  
Melinda Székely
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Dental Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Restorative Materials

Abstract Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of erosive conditions on the wear resistance of aesthetic direct restorative materials. Methods: Six dental filling materials were tested: two composites (Filtek Z550 and X-tra fil), two compomers (Dyract Extra and Twinky Star) and two glass ionomers (Ketac Molar and Fuji II LC). Twenty disks (10mm×2mm) of each material were prepared (n=120) and kept in artificial saliva at 37˚C for 24 hours. Specimens were cycled in acidic soft drink (Coca-Cola) 5×/day, for 5’, over 30 days. Initial surface roughness ISR (Ra-μm) and final surface roughness FSR were measured using a profilometer. The wear rate was calculated as difference of final minus the initial roughness (ΔSR=FSR-ISR). For statistical analysis t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used by GraphPad Prism version 5.03 statistical software. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The erosive wear rates (mean±SD, μm) after exposure to acidic beverage were: 0.30±0.03 (Ketac Molar), 0.28±0.04 (Fuji II LC), 0.27±0.00 (Filtek Z550), 0.23±0.01 (X-tra fil), 0.20±0.00 (Twinky Star) and 0.14±0.01 Dyract Extra, respectively. There were significant differences between the tested materials (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dental filling materials had different behaviour under the same erosive condition, however all investigated aesthetic restorative materials showed surface degradation. These findings suggest that erosive wear resistance of tooth coloured restoratives could influence their longevity in intraoral acidic conditions. Acknowledgements: The study was supported by the Internal Research Grant no. 5/30.01.2013 of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu Mureş.

Experimental Determination of Optimal Speeds for Alloy Steels in Plane Turning

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srikanth ◽  
V. Kamala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Alloy Steels

In machining, speeds play vital role. The operator should know exactly the speed at which machining should be performed to get the required surface finish. In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the optimal cutting speed for machining of alloy steels. Three work piece materials having different hardness are taken and machined using a round nose tool with a coated tip. The tool dynamometer is attached to the tool post for force measurement. Turning operation on the work piece is performed on lathe at four different speeds, keeping the feed and depth of cut constant. Cutting forces acting on the tool, temperature at the tool and material interface are recorded. Power consumed being determined by a wattmeter and surface roughness values are measured. The same procedure is repeated for the other two work-pieces materials and optimal speeds for machining are determined for the three specimens. The results obtained are compared with the theoretical values and found to be very close.

scholarly journals Influence of different light-curing units on the surface roughness of restorative materials: in situ study

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Juliane Cristina Ciccone-Nogueira ◽  
Wanessa Christine de Souza-Zaroni ◽  
Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Light Curing

An in vitro Evaluation of Artificial Caries-like Lesions on Restored Overdenture Abutments

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Kambhu ◽  
R.L. Ettinger ◽  
J.S. Wefel
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Abutment Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used

An acidified dialyzed gelatin gel system was used to determine the caries resistance of a variety of restorative materials used to obturate the canal orifice of overdenture abutment teeth. The restorative materials used were Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, P30 + Scotchbond, Fuji Ionomer-Type II, and Miracle Mix. Polarized light microscopy and microradiography were used to examine the caries-like lesions adjacent to the restorations. The lesions formed in the Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix groups appeared arrested at the wall adjacent to the restoration, and did not penetrate apically down the wall as did those associated with the other restorative materials. The mean depths of lesions adjacent to Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix restorations were significantly less than those of Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, or P30 + Scotchbond.

scholarly journals The Effect of Surface Roughness on Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Controlled Limiting Currents on a Rotating Cylinder Electrode in Deaerated Solutions with and Without CO2

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2552 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Khateeb ◽  
R. Barker ◽  
A. Neville ◽  
H.M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sherwood Number ◽  
Schmidt Number ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Surface Roughening ◽  
Rotating Cylinder Electrode ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The influence of surface roughness on mass transfer on a rotating cylinder electrode apparatus is investigated experimentally for a roughness pattern consisting of grooves parallel to the direction of fluid flow. Mass transfer from four different samples, with roughness values of 0.5 μm, 6 μm, 20 μm, and 34 μm, is measured using the limiting current technique for a range of rotational speeds in NaCl solutions saturated with N2 at pH = 3 and 4. Comparison with available correlations for the Sherwood number in literature (which are independent of surface roughness and are either for specific or arbitrary roughness patterns) shows that H+ mass transfer only correlates well for particular levels of roughness and that their accuracy can be increased if a correlation is utilized which is a function of surface roughening. A new correlation for Sherwood number as a function of the Reynolds number, Schmidt number, and surface roughness is proposed which agrees well with the mass transfer observed from all of the rough surface cases considered for this particular roughness pattern. Complementary experiments in CO2 environments were used to assess the combined limiting current associated with H+ and H2CO3 reduction (with the latter occurring via the buffering effect and being associated with the slow CO2 hydration step). Although the increase in sample roughness clearly leads to an increase in the rate of H+ mass transfer, in the CO2 environments considered, surface roughness is found to have no significant influence on the limiting current contribution from H2CO3, which can therefore be determined from Vetter’s equation across this range of operating conditions.

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