scholarly journals The Effect of Ultrafine Magnesium Hydroxide on the Tensile Properties and Flame Retardancy of Wood Plastic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Wu ◽  
Na Hu ◽  
Yiqiang Wu ◽  
Shuyun Wu ◽  
Zu Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test

The effect of ultrafine magnesium hydroxide (UMH) and ordinary magnesium hydroxide (OMH) on the tensile properties and flame retardancy of wood plastic composites (WPC) were investigated by tensile test, oxygen index tester, cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide possesses strengthening and toughening effect of WPC. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of fracture section of samples provided the positive evidence that the tensile properties of UMH/WPC are superior to that of WPC and OMH/WPC. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test illustrated that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide has stronger flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of WPC compared to that of ordinary magnesium hydroxide. The results of thermogravimetric analysis implied that ultrafine magnesium hydroxide can improve the char structure which plays an important role in reducing the degradation speed of the inner matrix during combustion process and increases the char residue at high temperature.

Sandwiched Wood-Plastic Composites with Flame-Retardant Skin

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Wen Lei ◽  
Hong Ming Ma ◽  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites

In order to improve the flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites,a new sandwiched composite is introduced in this paper with basic magnesium sulfated whisker(MOS) filled high density polyethylene(HDPE) as skin and wood flour filled HDPE as core.The oxygen index of the skin and the mechanical properties of the whole sandwiched composite are investigated. The results show that, the flame retardancy of the skin will be improved siginicantly when much MOS is used,and the skin containing 40wt% MOS has an oxygen index of 25.6%,in addition,the sandwiched composite in which both the mass contents of MOS in the skin and wood flour in the core are 40% has better mechanical properties than the traditional wood plastic composite(WPC) without any skin,and the sandwiched WPC is more fatigue-resistant.

Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame Retarded PP/EVA Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhou Wang ◽  
Shao Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Flammability of polypropylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (PP/EVA) composites containing melamine phosphate (MP) and pentaerythritol (PER) was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94. It is found that the LOI values decrease with the increase of EVA content in the PP/EVA composites. The thermal decomposition were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the PP/EVA composites were studied. Compared with the flame retarded PP/EVA composites, the incorporation of a small amount of the peroxide (DCP) into the flame retarded composites leads to an increase in both tensile properties and flame retardancy.

Transparent low-flammability epoxy resins using a benzoguanamine-based DOPO derivative

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110499
Author(s):  
Xiao Han ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Chuanbo Sun ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Limited Oxygen

We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.

Evaluation of Different Flame Retardant Combinations for Core/Shell Structured Wood-Plastic Composites by Using a Cone Calorimeter

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 535-544
Author(s):  
Marina Nikolaeva ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Natural Graphite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test

The fire retardancy of coextruded wood-plastic composites (WPCs) containing melamine, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), natural graphite, expandable graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the shell layer was characterized with a cone calorimeter test. A coextruded composite manufactured without any fire retardant (FR) in the shell layer was used as a reference. The incorporation of different combinations of FRs in the shell layers of WPCs reduced the peak heat release rate by 3-43%, depending on the FR combination. Other studied parameters, such as ignition time, total heat release and mass loss rate were improved after FR systems loading. The best improvement of flammability characteristics was observed with melamine/natural graphite combinations, whereas the melamine/expandable graphite system resulted only in slight improvement of the studied parameters. However, it should be noted that the amount of expandable graphite loading was 2-4 times lower than the amount of natural graphite loadings. Incorporation of 2 wt.% CNTs in the shell layer did not show any significant improvement in the studied parameters. The total smoke release and carbon monoxide production were increased with melamine/APP loading in the shell layer.

Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jiang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Juan-Juan Han ◽  
De-Xian Feng ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw

Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.

Study of the Effect of a Polymeric Compatibilizing Agent on the Flame Retardancy and Tensile Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Magnesium Hydroxide Compositions

2017 ◽  
Vol 374 (1) ◽  
pp. 1600116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar N. Cabrera Álvarez ◽  
Luis F. Ramos-deValle ◽  
Saul Sánchez-Valdes ◽  
Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas ◽  
Adriana B. Espinoza-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent

The utilization of organic vermiculite to reinforce wood–plastic composites with higher flexural and tensile properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Bingrong Lei ◽  
Zhidan Lin ◽  
Langhuan Huang ◽  
Shaozao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Lin ◽  
Qianqiong Zhao ◽  
Ruilan Fan ◽  
Xiaoxue Yuan ◽  
Fuli Tian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Limited Oxygen

In this work, a halogen-free intumescent combining phosphorus and nitrogen, flame-retardant 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAPO) was successfully synthesized. It had been synthesized by reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3, 2-dioxphosphinane 2-oxide with Schiff base. Its chemical structure was characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectrum. The flame-retardant polyurethanes were prepared with different loadings of HAPO. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the pure polyurethane foam thermosets were investigated by a series of measurements involving thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index measurement, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results of the aforementioned tests indicated that HAPO can significantly improve the flame retardancy as well as smoke inhibition performance of polyurethane foam. Compared with the PU-Neat, the limited oxygen index of flame-retardant polyurethanes (15%) thermoset was increased from 19.5% to 23.8% and its UL-94 reached V-0 rating. In addition, the cone test results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release, rate of smoke release, and total smoke production of flame-retardant polyurethanes (10%) were decreased obvious sly. The apparent morphology of carbon residue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and results revealed that the modified polyurethane foam can form dense carbon layer after combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis results also indicated that the char amount of flame-retardant polyurethanes was obviously increased compared with PU-Neat. Based on the above analysis, we can draw the conclusions which in the condensed phase, phosphorus-based acids from the degradation of HAPO, this could promote the formation of continuous and dense phosphorus-rich carbon layer. In the gas phase, the flame-retardant mechanism was ascribed to the quenching effect of phosphorus-based radicals and diluting effect by non-flammable gases.

The effects of N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daikun Jia ◽  
Yi Tong ◽  
Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Upper Limit

Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams incorporating N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol have been prepared. After adding N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol, the density and compressive strength of the polyurethane foams were seen to decrease. The flame retardancy of the polyurethane foams has been characterized by limiting oxygen index, upper limit–94, and cone calorimeter tests. The polyurethane foam with 2.27 wt% N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol gave a highest limiting oxygen index of 33.4%, and the peak heat release rate of polyurethane foam reduced to 19.5 kW/m2 from 47.6 kW/m2 of PU-0 without N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol. Upper limit–94 revealed N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol did not change the burning rating, and all polyurethane foams had passed V-0 rating. The thermal stability of polyurethane foams has been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer. N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly increased the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane foams and their residues. In addition, the morphology of residual char from the flame-retarded polyurethane foams after cone calorimeter tests has also been characterized by digital photographs. The results indicated that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly enhanced the strength and compatibility of the char layer formed by the polyurethane foams. These results indicate that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol can improve both the quality and quantity of the char, which has a significant effect on the flame-retardant properties of the foam.

scholarly journals Study of the Addition of a Thermoplastic Vulcanizate to a HDPE Composite Highly Filled with Magnesium Hydroxide and Its Effect on the Tensile and Flame Retardant Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
F. I. Beltrán-Ramírez ◽  
L. F. Ramos-deValle ◽  
E. Ramírez-Vargas ◽  
E. Cabrera-Alvarez ◽  
S. Sánchez-Valdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubbery Phase ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Properties Of Composites

A work was carried out in order to obtain a TPV based on HDPE and EPDM, studying the effect of three different peroxides. The effect of one mono- and two bifunctional peroxides was studied. In general, at equal wt% of peroxide, the bifunctional peroxides produced greater gel content, higher tensile stress, and higher elongation at break. Thereafter, the work was focused on studying the effect of this TPV, as well as a commercial TPO, on the tensile and flame retardant properties of composites based on blends of HDPE and a thermoplastic elastomer (either TPV or TPO), plus 130 phr of magnesium hydroxide (MH). The composites without the rubbery phase, but with 130 phr of MH, were highly brittle and fragile. The composites with the rubbery phase, on the other hand, (either TPO or TPV), were tougher and presented relatively much higher tensile properties. With regard to flame retardancy, the formulations containing the TPV showed better flame retardancy and passed as V-1 in the UL-94V. With respect to the cone calorimeter, those with TPO or TPV all generated a total of 80 MJ of heat energy. The compositions with TPV, however, generated this amount of heat over a larger period of time, i.e., showing less heat generated per second. In addition, the compositions with TPV presented a markedly lower pHRR, by an average of 15%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the MH in the samples with a 40 wt% rubbery phase starts decomposing at 315°C. However, as the temperature increases, the MH in the TPV composite apparently decomposes at a slower rate than that in the TPO composite.

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