scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Ethanol Dry Reforming: Effect of Combined Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh R. Kale ◽  
Tejas M. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Gibbs Free Energy Minimization ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
Combined Parameters

The prospect of ethanol dry reforming process to utilize CO2 for conversion to hydrogen, syngas, and carbon nanofilaments using abundantly available biofuel—ethanol, and widely available environmental pollutant CO2 is very enthusiastic. A thermodynamic analysis of ethanol CO2 reforming process is done using Gibbs free energy minimization methodology within the temperature range 300–900°C, 1–10 bar pressure, and CO2 to carbon (in ethanol) ratio (CCER) 1–5. The effect of individual as well as combined effect of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and CCER was determined on the product distribution. Optimum process conditions for maximising desired products and minimizing undesired products for applications such as gas to liquids (GTL) via fischer tropsch synthesis, syngas generation for Solid oxide fuel cells, and carbon nanofilament manufacture were found in this study.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis in Combined Reforming of Propane

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
K. Moon ◽  
Ganesh R. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
Gibbs Free Energy Minimization ◽  
Pure Steam

Combined (steam and CO2) reforming is one of the methods to produce syngas for different applications. An energy requirement analysis of steam reforming to dry reforming with intermediate steps of steam reduction and equivalent CO2addition to the feed fuel for syngas generation has been done to identify condition for optimum process operation. Thermodynamic equilibrium data for combined reforming was generated for temperature range of 400–1000°C at 1 bar pressure and combined oxidant (CO2+ H2O) stream to propane (fuel) ratio of 3, 6, and 9 by employing the Gibbs free energy minimization algorithm of HSC Chemistry software 5.1. Total energy requirement including preheating and reaction enthalpy calculations were done using the equilibrium product composition. Carbon and methane formation was significantly reduced in combined reforming than pure dry reforming, while the energy requirements were lower than pure steam reforming. Temperatures of minimum energy requirement were found in the data analysis of combined reforming which were optimum for the process.

Autothermal Reforming of Ethanol for Hydrogen Production: Thermodynamic Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawadee Srisiriwat ◽  
Chananchai Wutthithanyawat
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Formation ◽  
Gibbs Free Energy Minimization

This work presents the autothermal reforming (ATR), or called oxidative steam reforming (OSR), of ethanol for hydrogen production. A thermodynamic analysis of product distribution for ATR from ethanol has been performed by using the method of Gibbs free energy minimization. The effect of steam-to-carbon (S:C) and air-to-carbon (A:C) molar ratios under adiabatic temperature of ATR reactor on chemical equilibrium composition of hydrogen rich stream is investigated. An increase of S:C ratio increases an efficiency of hydrogen production while carbon monoxide formation decreases but, however, more energy consumption for preheating reactants is also needed. An increase of A:C ratio in the range between 0 and 1.75 causes an increase of hydrogen yield but at greater A:C ratio, a decrease of hydrogen production and more water formation can be found. The results of the thermodynamic equilibrium show that the predicted hydrogen composition in the reaction of fuel-water-air system at constant temperature is higher than that obtained from experiment in both the absence and presence of catalysts in the OSR reaction when the temperature is fixed at 700 °C. The predicted carbon monoxide is lower than that obtained from the results of non-catalytic reaction but higher than that attained from the presence of catalyst in process.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

Study on the Enzyme Desizing Process for Cotton Fabric Using Ultrasonication

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ming Zhao ◽  
Shan Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fabric Strength ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The auxiliary devices of ultrasonic treatment was designed and manufactured. The cotton fabric was desized using 2000L desizing enzyme with the conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process respectively. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were determined. For the conventional enzyme desizing process, the optimized desizing conditions of cotton fabrics were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 80°C, PH value was 6, and time was 60mins. The optimum process conditions of ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 50°C, PH value was 6 and time was 45minutes. The research result indicates that, under the same desizing condition, ultrasonication can improve the desizing percentage and whiteness of cotton fabric, but the fabric strength loss increases slightly. And for the same required desizing percentage, the ultrasonic enzyme desizing process saved time and reduced the temperature of experiments compared with traditional enzyme desizing process

Optimization of dry reforming of methane over Ni/YSZ anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosimo Guerra ◽  
Andrea Lanzini ◽  
Pierluigi Leone ◽  
Massimo Santarelli ◽  
Nigel P. Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Oxide Fuel
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document