scholarly journals Varietal Trials and Physiological Components Determining Yield Differences among Cowpea Varieties in Semiarid Zone of Nigeria

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkeki Kamai ◽  
Nuhu Adamu Gworgwor ◽  
Joshua Wasinaninda Wabekwa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Semiarid Zone ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11°47.840′N; 13°12.021′E; elevation 319 m asl), in Borno State in semiarid zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the physiological traits associated with high grain yield in the semiarid zone of Nigeria. The trial consisted of eight treatments, which included two local varieties, namely, Kannanado White and Borno Brown and six improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-568-18, IT89KD-288, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-391. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The gross plot size was 5.0 m × 4.0 m (20 m2) while the net plot size was 3.6 m × 3.0 m (10.8 m2). The results showed that the improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-288, had significantly higher grain yield per hectare and matured earlier to escape drought in this agroecological zone. The local varieties also had significantly heavier grains, took more days to reach first and 50% flowering, and matured later than the improved varieties. Cowpea grain yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with harvest index, shell weight, soil moisture suction measurements, shelling percentage, and grain yield per plant and also significant negative correlation between cowpea grain yield per hectare and number of days to first and 50% flowering, 100-grain weight, number of days to physiological maturity, and pod development period. The results also indicated that fodder yield per hectare was highly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation thereby indicating that higher photosynthetically active radiation produced higher yield of fodder.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and soybean yields after using different limestone sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 1328-1334
Author(s):  
Adaniel Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽  
Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽  
Weverson Lima Fonseca ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design

In this study, the growth and productive characteristics of the soybean were investigated in no-till system after using limestone in a tropical soil of the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was conducted in a Typic Hapludox. The sources of limestone came from Piauí miners (C1, C2 and C3) and from a mining company in Ceará (C4) plus a control treatment (without limestone), with four replicates, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, in a randomized block design. The limestone was applied in October 2012, using a gravity distribution. The limestone rate applied was 2.73 Mg ha-1 to raise the soil base saturation to 60%. The final plant stand, relative chlorophyll index, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, photosynthetically active radiation, the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation, number of stems, pod number per plant, thousand-grain mass and grain yield of the soybean were evaluated. There were significant differences between the sources of limestone, with emphasis on the sources C1 and C4 due to the greater increases in plant growth and soybean grain yield (79% and 90%, respectively, in the 2014/2015 harvest). Soybean yield is correlated to the vegetative and reproductive development of the plant when cultivated in a tropical soil of the Cerrado corrected with limestone.

scholarly journals Amik Ovası Koşullarında Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Çeşitlerinin Tarımsal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Cahit Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Amik Plain

This study was carried out in Amik plain, Turkey in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons to determine some morphological and agricultural characteristics of four cowpea varieties registered for dry grain in Turkey. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the results, the highest plant height (221.8 cm) and the highest first pod height (43.6 cm) was obtained from the variety Sırma; the highest number of branch per plant (4.0), the highest pod length (14.9 cm), the highest number of pod per plant (19.8), the highest grain number per plant (113.5), the highest hundred grain weight (22.2 g), and the highest grain yield (275.2 kg/da) from the variety Amazon; the highest number of grain per pod (6.2) and the highest harvest index (39%) from the variety Karagöz. Furthermore, it was determined from the correlation analysis that there were both positive and negative correlations between some characteristics. Considering grain yield, the variety Amazon can be recommended to the cowpea growers in Amik plain, Turkey.

scholarly journals Varietal Susceptibility of Improved Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) (Walp.) Cultivars to Field and Storage Pests

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
M. B. Mochiah
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
And Storage

<p>Cowpea, <em>Vigna unguiculata</em> is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics as food for man and livestock. The crop is highly prone to pests and diseases which limit its production. Resistant cowpea varieties have become increasingly important in the management of both field and storage pests. Three improved cowpea varieties and one local variety were screened for their susceptibility to field and storage pests. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The different pests infesting the plants were identified and counted. Aphids and thrips were scored on a scale of 0-5, depending on the levels of infestations. Natural enemies’ numbers, leaf damage, pod damage and yield were assessed. <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em> infestations during storage and weight reduction were determined over a six week period. Aphids and <em>M. sjostedti</em> score, <em>M. virtrata</em> and <em>Empoasca</em> sp. numbers did not differ significantly; however, significantly more pod sucking bubs attacked the local variety than the improved varieties. Natural enemies’ numbers on the various cultivars did not differ significantly. Yield was however significantly better in the improved varieties. The local variety suffered the largest weight reduction (20.91%) during storage while Nhyira suffered the least weight reduction of 4.23%. The use of improved varieties and application of pests’ control measures will increase cowpea production in Ghana.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Tef [Eragrostisteff /Zucc./Trotter] Production Technologies in Central High Lands of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Bekele Gemechu ◽  
Amha Besufekad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Zonal Average ◽  
Central High

A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of improved varieties of tef and production technologies in Becho district of Oromia, Centeral Ethiopia. Five improved tef varieties along with the local were selected and used as treatments (that is, Dega tef (T1), Guduru (T2), Kena (T3), Kora(T4),Quncho(T5) and Local (T6)) arranged  in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications using six farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis/profitability, preference/acceptability, gender and nutrition and environmental suitability data recording were performed to compare treatments advantages and identify the best performing varietity/ies. All the yield and yield related components were significantly different between the varieties at 5 % probability level %) except for plant height in which there was no significant difference among varieties. Variety Dega tef gave the highest grain yield   with average grain yield of 3610.6kg/ha followed by Quncho and Kora and also had about 40% yield advantage over the local variety with average grain yield of 2577.83kg/ha and had about 116.95%, 110.25% and 90.80 % yield advantage over the national, regional and zonal average yield of tef in 2016/2017 Meher season of CSA data respectively. Based on farmer’s preference analysis variety Dega tef had high acceptability (75%) followed by Quncho (73%) and Kora (70%). Guduru variety has the least in acceptability (21%). As the result from the economic analysis showed that Dega tef variety had the maximum net benefit (79,536.69birr/ha) followed by Quncho (67,106.97birr/ha) and Kora (63,746.96birr/ha). Variety Guduru had the least net benefit result of about 53,648.17birr/ha. Based on the rules of decision making and the integrated scoring set for technology validation, two of the three improved varieties meet the requirements to be recommended. Therefore, we recommend Dega tef, Quncho, and Kora varieties for Becho areas and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the central highlands of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals GRAIN YIELD AND PATH ANALYSIS IN THE EVALUATION OF COWPEA LANDRACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
THAISY GARDÊNIA GURGEL DE FREITAS ◽  
PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA E SILVA ◽  
JÚLIO CÉSAR DOVALE ◽  
ÍTALO NUNES SILVA ◽  
EDICLEIDE MACEDO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a staple food in the Northeast of Brazil, thus, genetic improvement of this species is important. Samples of cowpea landraces were collected in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and the most promising ones were evaluated in the present study. The objective was to identify the most productive varieties and the characteristics that have greater direct effect on grain yield, for breeding purposes. Twelve landraces were evaluated using a randomized block design with five replications, in two experiments-one in the dry season, and other in the rainy season. However, water irrigation was used in both experiments, due to the almost total absence of rainfall in the rainy season. The Baraúna, and Carnaubais cowpea varieties were the most productive in both experiments. Campo Grande was the best variety found in the experiment carried out in the dry season. José da Penha, Lagoa de Pedra, Umarizal, and Upanema were the best varieties in the experiment carried out in the rainy season. The number of pods per plant was the characteristic that had greater direct effect on grain yield.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Beberapa Varietas Jagung pada Agroekosistem Lahan Kering di Maluku

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Sheny Sandra Kaihatu ◽  
Marietje Pesireron
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Variety

Maize has an important role in the national economy, but at some area, including in Maluku, the productivity is still low, below its potential productivity. The productivity of maize could be improved by planting high yielding and adaptive variety to the local environment. Study was conducted in the Haruru village, District Amahai, Central Maluku, from March to August 2012 aimed to identify maize varieties adaptive on dry land agro ecosystem. The study used randomized block design, replicated three times, where farmers’ fields were used as replications. The varieties tested were Srikandi Kuning, Gumarang, and Sukmaraga composites varieties. Bima-2 and Bima-2 (hybrid varieties) and Mutiara, Ungu Hati Putih, Merah, Orange Hati Putih, and Orange Hati Merah (local variety, obtained from farmers’ fields in the district of MTB). Fertilizers were drilled, 5-7 cm on the side of plant at a rate of 135 kg N, 90 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O and 1-2 t manure/ha. Variables to be measured were percentage of surviving plants, age at 50% of male flowering, age at 50% of female flowering, plant height, ear height, cob length, cob weight, cob diameter, number of rows/ear, seed number per ear row, 100-seed weight, weight of dry grains, moisture content, and grain yield. Results showed that local varieties indicated a better growth, but grain yield were superior for the hybrid and the composite varieties. Bima-4 hybrid variety produced 10.31 t/ha dry grain, followed by Bima-2 hybrid and the composite varieties of Sukmaraga, Srikandi Kuning, and Gumarang, each was 8.70 t/ha, 7.97 t/ha, 7.60 t/ha and 7.26 t/ha, respectively. Local varieties Mutiara, Orange Hati Putih, Merah, Orange Hati Merah, and Ungu Hati Putih each yielded only 3.74 t/ha, 3.32 t/ha, 3.07 t/ha, 3.02 t/ha and 2.45 t/ha respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Coloured Agro-Net Covers on Insect Pest Control and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Langàt Jelagat Caroline ◽  
Mwanarusi Saidi ◽  
Arnold Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicon ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Neutral Colour

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill) is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed throughout the world; and is rich in important vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Production of the crop in open fields is however constrained by several biotic and abiotic stresses that lead to low tomato yields and quality. This study aimed at determining the effects of coloured agro-net covers on microclimate, pest infestation and yield of tomato cultivar ‘‘Rio Grande’’. The study consisted of two trials conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications and six treatments. Tomato plants were grown under blue, yellow, grey, white or multi-coloured net covers with a no net cover as the control. Data were collected on microclimate (temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity and photosynthetically active radiation), pest counts and crop yield variables. Net covering modified the tomato crop microclimate with highest temperatures and soil moisture and, relative humidity levels recorded under white (21.03 oC), blue (30.03%) and multi-coloured net covers (76.26%), respectively compared to the no net control treatment (16.32 oC, 14.82% and 64.90%). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was lowest under the blue agro-net cover (416.09 µmol m-2 s-1) and highest under control treatment (985.00 µmol m-2 s-1). Tomato plants grown under coloured-colour nets (yellow and blue) had lower population of silverleaf whitefly, thrips and aphids while mite population was lower under neutral-colour net covers (white, grey and multi-coloured). The neutral-colour net covers (24938.87, 19525.16 and 21541.93 kg/ha) resulted in higher yields compared to coloured-colour net covers (16804.62 and 14551.05 kg/ha). Results of the study indicate that use of agro-net covers especially the neutral-colour net cover can improve microclimate, protect tomato against insect pests and can be considered a viable strategy for tomato production by smallholder growers.

Methods of Measuring the Impact of the XA17 Gene on Imazethapyr Injury in Corn (Zea mays)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
David L. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Sensitive Index ◽  
The Impact

Imazethapyr dose response curves were developed under laboratory and field conditions with the imazethapyr-resistant and -susceptible corn hybrids Pioneer 3180IR, IR denoting a hybrid homozygous for the XA17 gene conferring resistance to imazethapyr, and normal Pioneer 3180, respectively, and their F1progeny to establish methods of measuring the presence of the XA17 gene and quantifying its impact. At two field locations, absorption of photosynthetically active radiation was a sensitive index of corn injury caused by imazethapyr. Imazethapyr, at 35 g/ha (one half the labeled rate), reduced absorption of photosynthetically active radiation in Pioneer 3180 by 8.3% at 1 wk after treatment. Plant height also was a sensitive index of injury. The minimum rate at which imazethapyr injury was detected in the Pioneer 3180IR/Pioneer 3180 F1hybrid differed with location. Pioneer 3180IR was not injured by 280 g/ha of imazethapyr. The Pioneer 3180IR/3180 F1hybrid was injured slightly by imazethapyr at 140 g/ha, but recovered within 5 wk after treatment, and grain yield was not reduced by 280 g/ha of imazethapyr. A seedling assay reliably detected differences between progeny of Pioneer 3180IR and Pioneer 3180IR/3180 F1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Tef [Eragrostisteff /Zucc./Trotter] Production Technologies in Central High Lands of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-XX
Author(s):  
Bekele Gemechu ◽  
Amha Besufekad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Zonal Average ◽  
Central High

A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of improved varieties of tef and production technologies in the Becho district of Oromia, Central Ethiopia. Five improved tef varieties along with the local were selected and used as treatments (that is, Dega tef (T1), Guduru (T2), Kena (T3), Kora(T4), Quncho (T5) and Local (T6)) arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications using six farmers’ fields. Yield and yield-related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis/profitability, preference/acceptability, gender and nutrition, and environmental suitability data recording were performed to compare treatment advantages and identify the best performing variety/ies. All the yield and yield-related components were significantly different between the varieties at 5 % probability level %) except for plant height in which there was no significant difference among varieties. Variety Dega tef gave the highest grain yield with average grain yield of 3610.6kg/ha followed by Quncho and Kora and also had about 40% yield advantage over the local variety with average grain yield of 2577.83kg/ha and had about 116.95%, 110.25% and 90.80 % yield advantage over the national, regional and zonal average yield of tef in 2016/2017 Meher season of CSA data respectively. Based on farmer’s preference analysis variety Dega tef had high acceptability (75%) followed by Quncho (73%) and Kora (70%). Guduru variety has the least in acceptability (21%). As a result of the economic analysis showed that Dega tef variety had the maximum net benefit (79,536.69birr/ha) followed by Quncho (67,106.97birr/ha) and Kora (63,746.96birr/ha). Variety Guduru had the least net benefit result of about 53,648.17birr/ha. Based on the rules of decision making and the integrated scoring set for technology validation, two of the three improved varieties meet the requirements to be recommended. Therefore, we recommend Dega tef, Quncho, and Kora varieties for Becho areas and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the central highlands of Ethiopia.  

scholarly journals Effect of Time of Tiller Separation on Grain Growth and Seed Yield of Transplant Aman Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Alam ◽  
MS Sheuly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of time of tiller separation on grain growth and yield of transplant aman rice. The experiment consisted of 3 times of tiller separation viz. tiller separation at 25 (T1), 35 (T2) and 45 (T3) days after transplanting (DAT); and 5 levels of number of tillers kept hill-1 viz. intact hills (K0), 1 tiller kept hill-1 (K1), 2 tillers kept hill-1 (K2), 3 tillers kept hill-1 (K3) and 4 tillers kept hill-1 (K4). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4 m 2.5 m. With a few exceptions, the highest grain growth parameters like number of panicles hill-1, dry weight panicle-1, number of grains panicle-1, dry weight grain-1 and grain growth rate were observed when tillers were separated at 25 DAT but the lowest values were found at 45 DAT. The grain growth rate decreased with the advance of time. The highest grain yield (5.25 t ha-1) was obtained from tillers separated at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) but the lowest values (4.13 t ha-1) were recorded when tillers were separated at 45 DAT. The maximum grain yield (5.88 t ha-1) was found in intact hills, while the lowest values (2.64 t ha-1) were obtained when 1 tiller kept hill-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16274 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):12-19

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