scholarly journals Solid Phase Microextraction and Related Techniques for Drugs in Biological Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Moein ◽  
Rana Said ◽  
Fatma Bassyouni ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Drug Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Recent Developments

In drug discovery and development, the quantification of drugs in biological samples is an important task for the determination of the physiological performance of the investigated drugs. After sampling, the next step in the analytical process is sample preparation. Because of the low concentration levels of drug in plasma and the variety of the metabolites, the selected extraction technique should be virtually exhaustive. Recent developments of sample handling techniques are directed, from one side, toward automatization and online coupling of sample preparation units. The primary objective of this review is to present the recent developments in microextraction sample preparation methods for analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Microextraction techniques allow for less consumption of solvent, reagents, and packing materials, and small sample volumes can be used. In this review the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME), microextraction in packed sorbent (MEPS), and stir-bar sorbtive extraction (SBSE) in drug analysis will be discussed. In addition, the use of new sorbents such as monoliths and molecularly imprinted polymers will be presented.

Recent achievements and applications of solid – phase microextraction in pesticide residues analysis in food

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
Mária Andraščíková ◽  
Svetlana Hrouzková
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Fiber Coating ◽  
Food Matrices

Abstract The current trend in sample preparation methods is devoted to minimizing or eliminating the volume of extractive solvent. In this review, the focus on solid phase microextraction (SPME) as a solvent free sample preparation method for the isolation of pesticides residues in different food matrices is given. To achieve satisfactory extraction efficiency, selection of the fiber coating is an important step in the method development. Here, recent trends in new supporting materials and new fiber coatings development are discussed. Finally, applicability of SPME for the pesticide residues analysis in various food matrices using mainly chromatographic methods is also reviewed.

Evaluation of in-tube solid-phase microextraction method for co-extraction of acidic, basic, and neutral drugs

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 14049-14058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Asiabi ◽  
Yadollah Yamini ◽  
Shahram Seidi ◽  
Meysam Safari ◽  
Maryam Shamsayei
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction

Simultaneous extraction of acidic, basic, and neutral drugs from different biological samples is a considerable and disputable concept in sample preparation strategies.

scholarly journals Solid phase microextraction techniques used for gas chromatography: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Dugheri ◽  
Nicola Mucci ◽  
Alessandro Bonari ◽  
Giorgio Marrubini ◽  
Giovanni Cappelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Microextraction Techniques ◽  
Analytical Laboratories

In the last decade, the development and adoption of greener and sustainable microextraction techniques have been proved to be an effective alternative to classical sample preparation procedures. In this review, 10 commercially available solid-phase microextraction systems are presented, with special attention to the appraisal of their analytical, bioanalytical, and environmental engineering. This review provides an overview of the challenges and achievements in the application of fully automated miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. Both theoretical and practical aspects of these environment-friendly preparation approaches are discussed. The application of chemometrics in method development is also discussed. We are convinced that green analytical chemistry will be really useful in the years ahead. The application of cheap, fast, automated, “clever”, and environmentally safe procedures to environmental, clinical, and food analysis will improve significantly the quality of the analytical data.

The Use of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) to Monitor for Major Organoleptic Compounds Produced by Chrysophytes in Surface Waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Watson ◽  
Brian Brownlee ◽  
Trevor Satchwill ◽  
E. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Related Compounds

An efficient extraction method is needed to measure trace levels of taste and odour compounds in surface waters. This is usually accomplished by costly and involved analytical procedures. We have developed a simpler alternative, using a commercially available microextraction apparatus (SPME). With this technique we successfully monitored trace levels of some target organoleptics (unsaturated aldehydes e.g. heptadienal, nonadienal, and related compounds) which commonly cause aquatic taste and odour. We identified these compounds in culture material, and analyzed for them during the development of odourous chrysophyte blooms in two ponds. Preliminary work has also found a good recovery of some important off-flavour terpenoids (e.g. geosmin and MIB). SPME is labour and cost efficient, and therefore appealing to water treatment facilities for detection and monitoring. In addition, SPME requires only small sample volumes, and is therefore suitable for culture work.

scholarly journals Sample Preparation and Extraction in Small Sample Volumes Suitable for Pediatric Clinical Studies: Challenges, Advances, and Experiences of a Bioanalytical HPLC-MS/MS Method Validation Using Enalapril and Enalaprilat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjoern B. Burckhardt ◽  
Stephanie Laeer
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Bioanalytical Method

In USA and Europe, medicines agencies force the development of child-appropriate medications and intend to increase the availability of information on the pediatric use. This asks for bioanalytical methods which are able to deal with small sample volumes as the trial-related blood lost is very restricted in children. Broadly used HPLC-MS/MS, being able to cope with small volumes, is susceptible to matrix effects. The latter restrains the precise drug quantification through, for example, causing signal suppression. Sophisticated sample preparation and purification utilizing solid-phase extraction was applied to reduce and control matrix effects. A scale-up from vacuum manifold to positive pressure manifold was conducted to meet the demands of high-throughput within a clinical setting. Faced challenges, advances, and experiences in solid-phase extraction are exemplarily presented on the basis of the bioanalytical method development and validation of low-volume samples (50 μL serum). Enalapril, enalaprilat, and benazepril served as sample drugs. The applied sample preparation and extraction successfully reduced the absolute and relative matrix effect to comply with international guidelines. Recoveries ranged from 77 to 104% for enalapril and from 93 to 118% for enalaprilat. The bioanalytical method comprising sample extraction by solid-phase extraction was fully validated according to FDA and EMA bioanalytical guidelines and was used in a Phase I study in 24 volunteers.

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