scholarly journals Linguatula serrata(Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) Infection among Client-Owned Dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria: Prevalence and Public Health Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oseni Saheed Oluwasina ◽  
Onyiche Emmanuel ThankGod ◽  
Omonuwa Omojefe Augustine ◽  
Fufa Ido Gimba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Linguatula Serrata ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern

Pentastomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis endemic to western and central Africa. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and public health implications of Linguatulosis in client-owned dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria. Seven hundred and seventy seven (777) dogs brought for treatment at the hospital were subjected to buccal (sublingual) examination for pentastomiasis. Parameters such as age, sex, and breeds were determined. Also, the months of the year were taken into consideration. An overall prevalence of 37.45% was recorded. Of the 477 dogs examined in 2010, 184 were positive representing prevalence of 38.57% and in 2011 107 were positive representing prevalence of 35.67%. The infection was higher in the male than in the female which does not differ significantly (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between sexes (P>0.05). However, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between breeds and age of dogs examined. Season did not have much influence on the prevalence of Linguatulosis. The high prevalence of Linguatulosis in dogs and other animals found in this study highlights the need of improving preventative measures to reduce the rate of infection, which may pose a hazard to human health.

scholarly journals The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound and Artificial Light Exposure on Microbiomes: Ecological and Public Health Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M Robinson ◽  
Ross Cameron ◽  
Brenda Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Implications

Globally, anthropogenic sound and artificial light pollution have increased to alarming levels. Evidence suggests that these can disrupt critical processes that impact ecosystems and human health. However, limited focus has been given to the potential effects of sound and artificial light pollution on microbiomes. Microbial communities are the foundations of our ecosystems. They are essential for human health and provide myriad ecosystem services. Therefore, disruption to microbiomes by anthropogenic sound and artificial light could have important ecological and human health implications. In this mini-review, we provide a critical appraisal of available scientific literature on the effects of anthropogenic sound and light exposure on microorganisms and discuss the potential ecological and human health implications. Our mini-review shows that a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic sound and light pollution on microbiomes. However, based on these studies, it is evident that anthropogenic sound and light pollution have the potential to significantly influence ecosystems and human health via microbial interactions. Many of the studies suffered from modest sample sizes, suboptimal experiments designs, and some of the bioinformatics approaches used are now outdated. These factors should be improved in future studies. This is an emerging and severely underexplored area of research that could have important implications for global ecosystems and public health. Finally, we also propose the photo-sonic restoration hypothesis: does restoring natural levels of light and sound help to restore microbiomes and ecosystem stability?

scholarly journals Comparison between three concentration techniques for diagnosing intestinal parasites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Trabelsi ◽  
Majdi Hanachi ◽  
Sarra Cheikhrouhou ◽  
Dorsaf Aloui ◽  
Meriam Bouchekoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Cost ◽  
Stool Specimens

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntestinal parasitoses still are a noticeable threat to public health. The direct diagnosis of such parasites requires the use of concentration techniques, whose sensitivities for protozoan cysts and helminth eggs are far from equal.AimTo compare the Willis, Ritchie and Bailenger concentration techniques in terms of parasite recovery, cost, time, and biosafety.MethodsThis prospective study analysed 236 stool specimens for intestinal parasites using the direct wet smear and the above-mentioned concentration techniques applied separately.ResultsBiphasic techniques identified significantly more positive specimens for intestinal parasites than the Willis technique, the latter leading to less concentrated and more altered parasitic elements on microscopy. No statistically significant difference emerged from comparing Ritchie’s and Bailenger’s methods. The Willis technique was the safest, yet the costliest and the most time-consuming of the studied methods.ConclusionsEven though the hazardous reagents employed may raise legitimate concerns over their health implications, biphasic techniques prove to be uncostly, quick to perform, and highly sensitive for detecting faecal parasites, therefore ensuring a safe diagnosis for routine stool examinations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and morphotype diversity of Trichuris species and other soil-transmitted helminths in captive non-human primates in northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 16239-16244
Author(s):  
Kamani Joshua ◽  
James P. Yidawi ◽  
Aliyu Sada ◽  
Emmanuel G. Msheliza ◽  
Usman A. Turaki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Vervet Monkey ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Patas Monkey ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mona Monkey

A study to determine the prevalence and morphotype diversity of soil-transmitted helminths in captive non-human primates (NHPs) in northern Nigeria was conducted.  Simple flotation and sedimentation methods were used to examine fecal samples. A Morphometric analysis was done on Trichuris spp. eggs to determine the diversity of whipworm circulating in NHPs in the study area.  High prevalence (60%) of infection was recorded in captive NHPs; Patas Monkey (n=17), Tantalus Monkey (n=9), Mona Monkey (n=7), Vervet Monkey (n=2), Mangabey Monkey (n=1), Baboon (n=14), and Chimpanzee (n=8) from parks and zoological gardens located in four Nigerian states (Borno, Gombe, Kano, and Plateau) and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Captive NHPs examined were infected with helminths either as single, double or triple infections. Four zoonotic soil transmitted helminth (STH) genera, Trichuris, Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, and Enterobius were detected in the examined animals. Eggs of Trichuris spp. were the most prevalent with four morphotypes suggesting several morphotypes of whipworm were circulating among the NHPs in this region.  Further studies are required to elucidate the epidemiologic and public health implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir, north-eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
I. Bitrus ◽  
H.I. Musa ◽  
I.U. Hambali ◽  
M. Konto ◽  
I. Shittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity. Keywords: Abattoir, cattle, haemoparasite, prevalence, slaughter

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus isolated from selected dairies of Algeria: Prevalence and susceptibility to antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Manel Matallah ◽  
Leila Bouayad ◽  
Sofiane Boudjellaba ◽  
Faiza Mebkhout ◽  
Taha Mossadak Hamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Consumer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Milk Industry ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Different Levels

Aim: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk in Algerian dairies, to study the effect of seasons on the contamination of milk and the susceptibility of isolated strains to antibiotics, and to estimate the risk on the health consumer. Materials and Methods: The ISO method 6888-1 (1) was used for Staphylococcus screening. Antimicrobial susceptibility to the 11most used antibiotics in veterinary medicine was assessed using the disk diffusion assay. Results: The overall prevalence was 31.56% (95/301); 34.84% (85/244) from raw milk collectors cisterns (MCC), 22.73% (5/22) from mixing tank milk before pasteurization, and 14.29% (5/35) from pasteurized tank milk (p<0.05). A significant difference (p<0.001) of contamination on MCC was observed between dairies without season influence (p≥0.05). It was observed that 49.47% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, 5.26% to tetracycline, 4.21% to erythromycin, 3.15% to neomycin, 2.10% to cefoxitin, 2.10% to clindamycin, and 1.05% to ofloxacin. No resistance was observed for vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: A high prevalence of S. aureus from MCC was observed without significant effect of season. The pasteurization does not ensure the elimination of bacteria in all samples. Half of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. These findings emphasize the importance of S. aureus control in Algerian milk industry at different levels to improve public health.

scholarly journals Holding the keys to health? A scoping study of the population health impacts of automated vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dean ◽  
Alexander J. Wray ◽  
Lucas Braun ◽  
Jeffrey M. Casello ◽  
Lindsay McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Health Implications

Abstract Background Automated Vehicles (AVs) are central to the new mobility paradigm that promises to transform transportation systems and cities across the globe. To date, much of the research on AVs has focused on technological advancements with little emphasis on how this emerging technology will impact population-level health. This scoping study examines the potential health impacts of AVs based on the existing literature. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping protocol, we searched academic and ‘grey’ literature to anticipate the effects of AVs on human health. Results Our search captured 43 information sources that discussed a least one of the five thematic areas related to health. The bulk of the evidence is related to road safety (n = 37), followed by a relatively equal distribution between social equity (n = 24), environment (n = 22), lifestyle (n = 20), and built environment (n = 18) themes. There is general agreement that AVs will improve road safety overall, thus reducing injuries and fatalities from human errors in operating motorized vehicles. However, the relationships with air quality, physical activity, and stress, among other health factors may be more complex. The broader health implications of AVs will be dependent on how the technology is adopted in various transportation systems. Regulatory action will be a significant determinant of how AVs could affect health, as well as how AVs influence social and environmental determinants of health. Conclusion To support researchers and practitioners considering the health implications of AVs, we provide a conceptual map of the direct and indirect linkages between AV use and health outcomes. It is important that stakeholders, including public health agencies work to ensure that population health outcomes and equitable distribution of health impacts are priority considerations as regulators develop their response to AVs. We recommend that public health and transportation officials actively monitor trends in AV introduction and adoption, regulators focus on protecting human health and safety in AV implementation, and researchers work to expand the body of evidence surrounding AVs and population health.

scholarly journals The Occurence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Slaughtered Cattle in Azare,North-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Umar ◽  
Bashir Mohammed Abubakar ◽  
Haladu Ali Gagman ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fasciola Spp

A Cross-sectional Study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (G.I.)  helminths parasites in slaughtered cattle at Azare abattoir, Katagum Local Government Area, Bauchi State, North-Eastern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty faecal samples were examined using the floatation and sedimentation method. Out of the total samples tested, G.I. helminths infections were detected in 62samples tested, giving an overall prevalence of 51.6%. Class nematodes are the most diverse class (56.5%) and then followed by trematodes (35.5%), while cestodes are the least prevalent (8.1%). There was a statistically significant difference in P-value >0.05.  The sex revealed that males (52.6%) are more susceptible to G.I. helminths infection than females (50.0%) even though there is no statistical difference at P-value >0.05. However, the prevalence of G.I. helminths to age revealed a statistical difference at P-value >0.05, where the young have the highest prevalence of 59.5%.  The Red Bororo breeds had the highest prevalence of 75%, while the least was recorded in White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali, 40% each. There was a statistically significant difference at P-value >0.05. This study revealed that Fasciola spp (15%) is the most prevalent G.I. helminths parasites detected, followed by Oesophagostomum spp (11.7%); Haemonchus spp (9.2%); Strongyloides spp (8.3%), Schistosoma spp (3.3%); and Moniezia spp (1.67%). Our findings from the present study revealed a high prevalence of G.I. helminths species affecting cattle in Azare and Nigeria as a whole. Therefore, there is a great need for proper advocacy on the need for appropriate management, regular deworming practices, and improved cattle hygiene to boost animal production. This will help in curbing great lost to Nigeria's economy and the world in general.

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